ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of an educational website on satisfaction and symptoms of anxiety and depression among family members of critically ill adult patients. METHODS: We embedded an analysis of website access in a cohort study conducted in intensive care units with flexible visiting hours in Brazil. Family members were guided to access an educational website designed to help them understand the processes and emotions associated with an intensive care unit stay. Subjects were evaluated for baseline data within the first 48 hours following enrollment and outcome assessment at up to 7 days after patient discharge from the intensive care unit, death, or until the 30th day of the study. The main outcomes were satisfaction using the Critical Care Family Needs Inventory and the presence of anxiety and depression symptoms using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. RESULTS: A total of 532 family members were evaluated during the study period. Of these, 61 (11.5%) accessed the website. After adjustments, family members who accessed the website had significantly better mean Critical Care Family Needs Inventory scores (152.8 versus 145.2, p = 0.01) and a lower prevalence of probable clinical anxiety (prevalence ratio 0.35; 95%CI 0.14 - 0.89) than family members who did not access the website. There were no differences regarding symptoms of depression. CONCLUSION: Access to an educational website was associated with higher family satisfaction with care and a lower prevalence of clinical anxiety.
Subject(s)
Critical Care , Patient Satisfaction , Adult , Humans , Cohort Studies , Intensive Care Units , Family , Personal SatisfactionABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the impact of an educational website on satisfaction and symptoms of anxiety and depression among family members of critically ill adult patients. Methods: We embedded an analysis of website access in a cohort study conducted in intensive care units with flexible visiting hours in Brazil. Family members were guided to access an educational website designed to help them understand the processes and emotions associated with an intensive care unit stay. Subjects were evaluated for baseline data within the first 48 hours following enrollment and outcome assessment at up to 7 days after patient discharge from the intensive care unit, death, or until the 30th day of the study. The main outcomes were satisfaction using the Critical Care Family Needs Inventory and the presence of anxiety and depression symptoms using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Results: A total of 532 family members were evaluated during the study period. Of these, 61 (11.5%) accessed the website. After adjustments, family members who accessed the website had significantly better mean Critical Care Family Needs Inventory scores (152.8 versus 145.2, p = 0.01) and a lower prevalence of probable clinical anxiety (prevalence ratio 0.35; 95%CI 0.14 - 0.89) than family members who did not access the website. There were no differences regarding symptoms of depression. Conclusion: Access to an educational website was associated with higher family satisfaction with care and a lower prevalence of clinical anxiety.
RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito de um portal educativo na satisfação e nos sintomas de ansiedade e depressão de familiares de pacientes adultos em estado crítico. Métodos: Inserimos uma análise de acesso a um portal num estudo de coorte realizado em unidades de terapia intensiva com horários de visita flexíveis no Brasil. Os familiares foram orientados a acessar um portal educativo concebido para os ajudá-los a compreender os processos e as emoções associados à internação em unidades de terapia intensiva. Os sujeitos foram avaliados quanto às informações basais nas primeiras 48 horas após a inclusão e quanto aos desfechos até 7 dias após a alta do paciente da unidade de terapia intensiva, morte ou até o 30º dia do estudo. Os principais desfechos foram a satisfação por meio do Inventário das Necessidades da Família em Cuidados Intensivos e a presença de sintomas de ansiedade e depressão utilizando a Escala Hospitalar de Ansiedade e Depressão. Resultados: Avaliaram-se 532 familiares durante o período do estudo. Destes, 61 (11,5%) acessaram o portal. Após ajustes, os familiares que acessaram o portal apresentaram médias significativamente melhores dos valores do Inventário de Necessidades da Família em Cuidados Intensivos (152,8 versus 145,2; p = 0,01) e menor prevalência de provável ansiedade clínica (razão de prevalência de 0,35; IC95% 0,14 - 0,89) do que familiares que não acessaram o portal. Não houve diferença em relação aos sintomas de depressão. Conclusão: O acesso a um portal educativo foi associado a maior satisfação familiar com os cuidados e menor prevalência de ansiedade clínica.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To compare the perceptions of patients' relatives with the perceptions of health professionals regarding a flexible visitation model in intensive care units. METHODS: Cross-sectional study. This study was carried out with patients' relatives and members of the care team of a clinical-surgical intensive care unit with a flexible visitation model (12 hours/day) from September to December 2018. The evaluation of the flexible visitation policy was carried out through an open visitation instrument composed of 22 questions divided into three domains (evaluation of family stress, provision of information, and interference in the work of the team). RESULTS: Ninety-five accompanying relatives and 95 members of the care team were analyzed. The perceptions of relatives regarding the decrease in anxiety and stress with flexible visitation was higher than the perceptions of the team (91.6% versus 58.9%, p < 0.001), and the family also had a more positive perception regarding the provision of information (86.3% versus 64.2%, p < 0.001). The care team believed that the presence of the relative made it difficult to provide care to the patient and caused work interruptions (46.3% versus 6.3%, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Family members and staff-intensive care unit teams have different perceptions about flexible visits in the intensive care unit. However, a positive view regarding the perception of decreased anxiety and stress among the family members and greater information and contributions to patient recovery predominates.
OBJETIVO: Comparar as percepções de familiares de pacientes com as percepções de profissionais de saúde a respeito de um modelo de visitação flexível em unidades de terapia intensiva. MÉTODOS: Este estudo transversal foi realizado de setembro a dezembro de 2018 com familiares de pacientes e membros de equipe de assistência ao paciente de uma unidade de terapia intensiva clínico-cirúrgica com um modelo de visitação flexível (12 horas ao dia). A avaliação da política de visitação flexível foi realizada por meio de um instrumento de visitação aberto composto de 22 perguntas divididas em três domínios (avaliação do estresse familiar, fornecimento de informações e interferência no trabalho da equipe). RESULTADOS: Foram analisados 95 familiares acompanhantes e 95 membros da equipe de assistência. As percepções dos familiares quanto à diminuição da ansiedade e do estresse com visitas flexíveis foram superiores às percepções da equipe (91,6% versus 58,9%; p < 0,001). A família também teve uma percepção mais positiva quanto ao fornecimento de informações (86,3% versus 64,2%; p < 0,001). A equipe de assistência acreditava que a presença do parente dificultava a assistência ao paciente e causava interrupções de trabalho (46,3% versus 6,3%; p < 0,001). CONCLUSÃO: Os familiares e as equipes da unidade de terapia intensiva têm percepções diferentes sobre visitas flexíveis na unidade de terapia intensiva. Entretanto, predomina uma visão positiva entre os membros da família em relação à percepção da diminuição da ansiedade e do estresse e maiores informações e contribuições para a recuperação do paciente.
Subject(s)
Intensive Care Units , Visitors to Patients , Adult , Humans , Cross-Sectional Studies , Family , Health PersonnelABSTRACT
RESUMO Objetivo: Comparar as percepções de familiares de pacientes com as percepções de profissionais de saúde a respeito de um modelo de visitação flexível em unidades de terapia intensiva. Métodos: Este estudo transversal foi realizado de setembro a dezembro de 2018 com familiares de pacientes e membros de equipe de assistência ao paciente de uma unidade de terapia intensiva clínico-cirúrgica com um modelo de visitação flexível (12 horas ao dia). A avaliação da política de visitação flexível foi realizada por meio de um instrumento de visitação aberto composto de 22 perguntas divididas em três domínios (avaliação do estresse familiar, fornecimento de informações e interferência no trabalho da equipe). Resultados: Foram analisados 95 familiares acompanhantes e 95 membros da equipe de assistência. As percepções dos familiares quanto à diminuição da ansiedade e do estresse com visitas flexíveis foram superiores às percepções da equipe (91,6% versus 58,9%; p < 0,001). A família também teve uma percepção mais positiva quanto ao fornecimento de informações (86,3% versus 64,2%; p < 0,001). A equipe de assistência acreditava que a presença do parente dificultava a assistência ao paciente e causava interrupções de trabalho (46,3% versus 6,3%; p < 0,001). Conclusão: Os familiares e as equipes da unidade de terapia intensiva têm percepções diferentes sobre visitas flexíveis na unidade de terapia intensiva. Entretanto, predomina uma visão positiva entre os membros da família em relação à percepção da diminuição da ansiedade e do estresse e maiores informações e contribuições para a recuperação do paciente.
ABSTRACT Objective: To compare the perceptions of patients' relatives with the perceptions of health professionals regarding a flexible visitation model in intensive care units. Methods: Cross-sectional study. This study was carried out with patients' relatives and members of the care team of a clinical-surgical intensive care unit with a flexible visitation model (12 hours/day) from September to December 2018. The evaluation of the flexible visitation policy was carried out through an open visitation instrument composed of 22 questions divided into three domains (evaluation of family stress, provision of information, and interference in the work of the team). Results: Ninety-five accompanying relatives and 95 members of the care team were analyzed. The perceptions of relatives regarding the decrease in anxiety and stress with flexible visitation was higher than the perceptions of the team (91.6% versus 58.9%, p < 0.001), and the family also had a more positive perception regarding the provision of information (86.3% versus 64.2%, p < 0.001). The care team believed that the presence of the relative made it difficult to provide care to the patient and caused work interruptions (46.3% versus 6.3%, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Family members and staff-intensive care unit teams have different perceptions about flexible visits in the intensive care unit. However, a positive view regarding the perception of decreased anxiety and stress among the family members and greater information and contributions to patient recovery predominates.
ABSTRACT
Importance: The effects of intensive care unit (ICU) visiting hours remain uncertain. Objective: To determine whether a flexible family visitation policy in the ICU reduces the incidence of delirium. Design, Setting and Participants: Cluster-crossover randomized clinical trial involving patients, family members, and clinicians from 36 adult ICUs with restricted visiting hours (<4.5 hours per day) in Brazil. Participants were recruited from April 2017 to June 2018, with follow-up until July 2018. Interventions: Flexible visitation (up to 12 hours per day) supported by family education (n = 837 patients, 652 family members, and 435 clinicians) or usual restricted visitation (median, 1.5 hours per day; n = 848 patients, 643 family members, and 391 clinicians). Nineteen ICUs started with flexible visitation, and 17 started with restricted visitation. Main Outcomes and Measures: Primary outcome was incidence of delirium during ICU stay, assessed using the CAM-ICU. Secondary outcomes included ICU-acquired infections for patients; symptoms of anxiety and depression assessed using the HADS (range, 0 [best] to 21 [worst]) for family members; and burnout for ICU staff (Maslach Burnout Inventory). Results: Among 1685 patients, 1295 family members, and 826 clinicians enrolled, 1685 patients (100%) (mean age, 58.5 years; 47.2% women), 1060 family members (81.8%) (mean age, 45.2 years; 70.3% women), and 737 clinicians (89.2%) (mean age, 35.5 years; 72.9% women) completed the trial. The mean daily duration of visits was significantly higher with flexible visitation (4.8 vs 1.4 hours; adjusted difference, 3.4 hours [95% CI, 2.8 to 3.9]; P < .001). The incidence of delirium during ICU stay was not significantly different between flexible and restricted visitation (18.9% vs 20.1%; adjusted difference, -1.7% [95% CI, -6.1% to 2.7%]; P = .44). Among 9 prespecified secondary outcomes, 6 did not differ significantly between flexible and restricted visitation, including ICU-acquired infections (3.7% vs 4.5%; adjusted difference, -0.8% [95% CI, -2.1% to 1.0%]; P = .38) and staff burnout (22.0% vs 24.8%; adjusted difference, -3.8% [95% CI, -4.8% to 12.5%]; P = .36). For family members, median anxiety (6.0 vs 7.0; adjusted difference, -1.6 [95% CI, -2.3 to -0.9]; P < .001) and depression scores (4.0 vs 5.0; adjusted difference, -1.2 [95% CI, -2.0 to -0.4]; P = .003) were significantly better with flexible visitation. Conclusions and Relevance: Among patients in the ICU, a flexible family visitation policy, vs standard restricted visiting hours, did not significantly reduce the incidence of delirium. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02932358.
