ABSTRACT
William Dallinger illustrates a social outsider concerned with the application of science to the physical, intellectual and spiritual health of his homeland, who forced his way into the scientific life of his nation. His path was encouraged by mentors such as William McKenny who steered him into the Methodist ministry, James Drysdale who helped him get established as a scientist and John Tyndall, Thomas Huxley and Charles Darwin who encouraged his scientific efforts and smoothed his way into his nation's highest scientific circles. The shadowy figures of John Wesley and John Ray played a role in affirming the validity of his scientific interests and concerns for science education.
Subject(s)
Religion and Science , England , History, 19th Century , History, 20th CenturyABSTRACT
Rats with or without spontaneously occurring jaundice were clinically examined. Jaundiced rats had five-fold higher serum bilirubin concentrations than control animals. About 90% of serum bilirubin in the jaundiced animals was in conjugated form. Control and jaundiced rats did not differ with respect to clinical signs such as alertness, stance, hair coat, position of eyes, discharge from eyes and nose, and cleanliness of anal orifice. While examined individually, jaundiced rats could not be identified readily on the basis of a yellow colour of sole of feet, nose, ears and tail. When kept together with control rats, jaundiced rats could be selected reasonably well. Urines of jaundiced rats had a more intense yellow colour than urines of control animals. Rats with jaundice were significantly more active in a small open field test than control rats.
Subject(s)
Jaundice/veterinary , Rats , Rodent Diseases/diagnosis , Animals , Animals, Newborn , Bilirubin/blood , Female , Jaundice/diagnosis , Jaundice/urine , Male , Rodent Diseases/urineABSTRACT
An attempt was made to assess discomfort in rats with hepatomegaly induced by feeding a high cholesterol, high cholate diet. After 8 weeks, the rats displayed a more than two-fold increase in liver weight when compared with controls fed a commercial diet. In a small open field test, behaviour of rats with hepatomegaly was similar to the controls. Of 9 parameters scored per rat, only the response to pressure on the right hypochondrium (tension of overlying muscles) scored higher than in control animals. There was considerable between-assessor variation in the assignment of scores. It is suggested, tentatively, that hepatomegaly in rats caused by cholesterol plus cholate feeding, may not cause extreme discomfort. Upon 'blind' palpation of control and test rats, an average of 60% of the rats with hepatomegaly were classified correctly.
