Preformed Stainless-Steel Crowns: Their Effects on Oral Hygiene Maintenance and Gingival Health - A Prospective Original Research.

The stainless-steel crown (SSC) is a durable restoration and has several indications for use in primary teeth such as following a pulpotomy/pulpectomy, fractured teeth, teeth with developmental defects, or large multi-surface caries lesions where amalgam is likely to fail. Due to its durability and a lifespan like the primary tooth, it could well be the gold standard in restorative care. SSCs protect the crown from fracture, reduce the possibility for leakage, and ensure a biological seal. However, the placement of the SSC should follow a meticulous technique. There are some clinical situations where the SSC may fail, leading to plaque accumulation and gingivitis. This could be secondary to improper crimping of crown margins, which lead to poorly adapted SSC. In some clinical situations, ledge formation under the crown or failure to clean excess cement can contact the gingiva and cause gingival inflammation. This study was carried out on 41 children between the ages of 4 and 10 in Al Qassim region to study the effects of SSCs on gingiva and oral hygiene. The study also aims to establish the correlation between SSC adaptation and post-insertion inflammation. The plaque and gingival index were recorded at 3 months' post SSC insertion. Clinical examination was undertaken, and gingival index (Loe and Silness 1967) and plaque index (Silness and Loe 1967) were used to record gingival health and plaque accumulation, respectively. The result for post-inflammation and SSC adaptation showed that there was no statistically significant difference in post-insertion inflammation and crown adaptation (P value = 0.216). The result for pre-operative inflammation and post-operative inflammation shows that there is no significant difference in post-inflammation and adaptation (P value = 0.47). We found that oral hygiene care had a heightening effect and oral hygiene maintenance plays a key role in preventing gingival inflammation irrespective of the SSC adaptation over short periods of time (3 months).

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of School Teachers Regarding Dental Trauma and its Emergency Management in Madinah, Saudi Arabia: A Questionnaire-Based Online Cross-Sectional Survey.

Introduction: Traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) are a common occurrence in the general population, and they are one of the most severe dental public health issues among children. Aim: This cross-sectional study aims to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices of school teachers in Madinah, Saudi Arabia, regarding dental trauma and its emergency management. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study included teachers of elementary and middle schools both male and female in Madinah. Each teacher received a study questionnaire and was briefed about the procedure of filling it. The questionnaire contained 17 questions which are related to the knowledge, attitude, and practices relating to TDIs. Results: A total of 294 teachers participated in the present study, which includes 163 males (55.4%) and 131 females (44.6%). When we asked the respondents if an avulsed tooth may be replanted, 49.7% answered in the positive and men show more awareness compared to women. When questioned regarding the storage media, 31.3% of participants said they will store the tooth in a cloth or tissue which was the wrong answer and 60.9% of males and 39.1% of females were unaware of appropriate storage media. A percentage of 68.4 of the teachers were not willing to replant a knocked-out tooth (tooth avulsion), 59.7% of these were males, and 40.3% were females. A percentage of 59.2 of participants consider that the dental trauma is an emergency situation, while 25.9% did not consider it as an emergency situation and 15% were not aware of the same. Conclusion: The majority of the participants were not aware of dental trauma and its emergency management. Children indulge in contact sports and play at schools posing the risk for a significant amount of dental trauma. Affirmative action from teachers is critical for successful treatment outcomes.

Maternal Periodontal Disease: A Possible Risk Factor for Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in the Qassim Region of Saudi Arabia.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: In periodontal disease, pathogenic inflammatory factors hold a vital part in adverse pregnancy outcomes. In recent years, there has been a large amount of literature concerning the association between periodontal disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preterm birth (PTB) and low-birth-weight baby (LBWB). In the Middle-east region, reports indicate a higher rate of adverse pregnancy outcomes, and periodontitis is believed to be one of several risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes. This cross-sectional, epidemiological study aimed to investigate the prevalence of periodontal diseases among pregnant women in the Qassim region and its association as a possible risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY: This was a cross-sectional, epidemiological study of 380 pregnant women from the 8th week postconception to parturition who were attending to Maternal and Children's Hospital in Buraidah, Qassim, KSA. The data were collected through questionnaire and oral examination. Plaque scores (Silness and Loe) and gingival disease scores (Ramfjord Periodontal Disease Index [PDI]) were used to assess oral hygiene status. The questionnaire data collected included gestational age, plaque control habits, previous incidences of premature birth, and awareness of expectant mothers about periodontal disease. RESULTS: Data were collected for 380 participants. Our results based on the plaque index and PDI showed that all (100%) of these 380 pregnant women suffered periodontal diseases (gingivitis 78.9% and periodontitis 21.1%). The distribution of gingivitis was the highest among 3rd trimester patients and lowest among 1st trimester patients. Mild-to-moderate types of periodontitis (4 mm-5 mm) were more prevalent among the participants compared with severe (more than 6 mm) forms of periodontitis with a higher prevalence in the 3rd trimester (7-9 months) of gestational age. CONCLUSIONS: A very strong significant association of pregnancy and periodontal disease in the Saudi population (Qassim Region) and periodontal disease is risk factor for PTB and LBWB for these patients.

Current perspectives of 3d printing in dental applications / Perspectivas Atuais Da Impressão 3D Em Aplicações Odontológicas

Objective: To evaluate the applications of 3d printing /additive manufacturing (AM) in dental education & clinical dentistry and elaborate various 3d printing technologies, its benefits, limitations and future scope. Methods: Research papers on the application of 3d printing in dentistry were searched in Scopus and Pubmed and studied using bibliometric analysis. This review briefly describes various types of 3d printing technologies with their accuracy, use of different materials for 3d printing and their respective dental applications. It also discusses various steps used to create 3D printed dental model using this technology. Furthermore, the application of this technology in dental education and various clinical procedures are discussed. Results: 3d printing is an innovative technology making a paradigm shift towards treatment customization. It helps in customized production of dental implants, surgical guides, anatomic models etc. using computer-aided design (CAD) data. This technology coupled with state-of-the-art imaging techniques and CAD software has enabled, especially oral surgeons to precisely plan and execute complex surgeries with relative ease, high accuracy and lesser time. 3d printing is also being utilized in other disciplines of dentistry to prepare aligners, crown and bridge, endodontic guides, periodontal surgery guides, surgical models for treatment planning and patient education. Alongside its possibilities have also been explored in preclinical skills in operative, endodontics etc (AU)

Objetivo: Avaliar as aplicações da impressão 3D/manufatura aditiva (AM) na educação odontológica e odontologia clínica, e elaborar várias tecnologias de impressão 3D, seus benefícios, limitações e escopo futuro. Métodos: Artigos de pesquisa sobre a aplicação da impressão 3D em odontologia foram pesquisados no Scopus e no Pubmed e estudados por meio de análise bibliométrica. Esta revisão descreve resumidamente vários tipos de tecnologias de impressão 3D a partir da sua precisão, uso de diferentes materiais para impressão 3D e suas respectivas aplicações odontológicas. Ele também discute várias etapas usadas para criar um modelo dentário 3D impresso usando essa tecnologia. Além disso, a aplicação desta tecnologia na educação odontológica e vários procedimentos clínicos são discutidos. Resultados:a impressão 3D é uma tecnologia inovadora que está mudando o paradigma em direção à personalização do tratamento. Ele ajuda na produção personalizada de implantes dentários, guias cirúrgicos, modelos anatômicos etc. usando dados de design auxiliado por computador (CAD). Essa tecnologia, combinada com técnicas de imagem de última geração e software CAD, permitiu, especialmente aos cirurgiões orais, planejar e executar cirurgias complexas com relativa facilidade, alta precisão e menor tempo. A impressão 3D também está sendo utilizada em outras disciplinas da odontologia para preparar alinhadores, coroas e pontes, guias endodônticos, guias de cirurgia periodontal, modelos cirúrgicos para planejamento de tratamento e educação do paciente. Ao lado de suas possibilidades também foram exploradas em habilidades pré-clínicas em cirurgia, endodontia etc (AU)

The effect of three lining materials on microleakage of packable composite resin restorations in young premolars with cavity margins located on enamel and dentin/cementum - An In vitro study.

OBJECTIVES: The objective of our in vitro investigation was to assess the effect of a layer of three lining materials; flowable composite, flowable compomer, and light-curing glass ionomer cement as a liner on microleakage with Class V packable composite restorations in young premolar teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 40 premolars were assigned randomly into four groups of 10 teeth each (Groups 1, 2, 3, and 4). Class V cavities (3 mm × 2 mm × 1.5 mm) were prepared in a standardized technique on the buccal surface of every tooth with the cervical margin extending 0.5 mm below the cementoenamel junction, into the dentin. Cavities in the first group (control group) were filled with packable composite (Heliomolar HB) without liners. Cavities in Groups 2, 3, and 4 were restored with packable composite after placing flowable composite (Heliomolar Flow), light-curing glass ionomer cement (Vivaglass), and flowable compomer (Compoglass Flow) as liners, respectively. The 40 restored teeth were put in thermocycling machine, then immersed in 2% methylene blue solution for a period of 24 h to permit penetration of methylene blue into potential microgaps that might have been created between the restorative material and the tooth. Each tooth was then cut buccolingually into two halves through the center of the restoration parallel to their long axes. Photomicrographs of each group were captured, then examined using the ImageJ an analysis software. RESULTS: Control group (packable composite), Group 2 (flowable composite), and Group 3 (light-curing glass ionomer cement) showed no statistical significance between them. The difference between control group (packable composite) and Group 4 (flowable compomer) was statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Flowable compomer as intermediate lining material can significantly reduce microleakage under packable composite.

Incipient enamel lesions remineralization using casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate cream with and without fluoride: a laser fluorescence study.

UNLABELLED: The aim of this in vitro investigation was to evaluate and compare the incipient enamel lesions remineralized by topical application of casein phospho peptide amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) cream with and without fluoride. METHOD: Sixty caries free teeth were used in the study. They were divided into four groups as positive control negative control and two experimental groups. The samples were demineralized and then remineralized using a CPP-ACP Cream with and without fluoride. The remineralization was evaluated at 7, 14 and 21 days using laser fluorescence. Results of this study showed that the laser fluorescence readings of test samples for remineralization were very highly significant at 14 and 21 days (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The degree of remineralization achieved between CPP-ACP and CPP-ACP with fluoride was statistically significant (p = 0.040) at 21 days.

The story of the missing canine.

Odontomas are usually associated with permanent teeth and rarely with primary dentition. The consequences of their presence are several clinical complications. Presented here is a case where diagnosis and management of an odontome causing impaction of primary tooth is discussed thus emphasising need for alertness in a clinician using the aid of radiological examination for early detection and subsequent intervention.

Multiple Intranasal Foreign Bodies: An Incidental Diagnosis.

Inquisitive children often insert foreign bodies into their nose or other body orifices while they explore their own bodies in early childhood. Intranasal foreign bodies are found in children, most commonly in 2-4 years olds. Common symptoms in such cases include pain or discomfort, nasal discharge, nasal congestion, nasal odor, including bromhidrosis (foul body odor). Complications, such as facial cellulitis, epiglottitis, and cephalic tetanus have also been reported. Mentally challenged children may be at a higher risk for such foreign body insertion and may need to be examined at regular intervals. Careful interpretation of dental radiographs can go a long way in diagnosing such cases especially in the absence of a positive history. Radiolucent objects are more difficult to identify especially in the absence of a positive history, and hence their diagnosis and removal is more challenging for the clinician. Dental practitioners can play a significant role in the diagnosis of intranasal foreign bodies in children through careful clinical examination and interpretation of dental radiographs. This case report describes a child referred for dental care and a diagnosis of intranasal foreign body was made based on routine dental panoramic radiograph.