ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Ultrasonography and color Doppler have been used extensively to evaluate transplanted kidneys. Several recent studies have suggested its value to assess renal transplant dysfunction, particularly in the early postoperative period. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the time-dependent changes in color Doppler ultrasonography (DUS) findings during the first 5 years after renal transplantation. METHODS: Among a prospective cohort we evaluated the results of collar Doppler findings in renal allograft recipients over 5 years after transplantation. For this purpose we compared the DUS findings of kidney size, pulsatile index (PI), resistive index (RI) and renal artery flow before transplantation in living donor kidneys versus 6-12 months as well as 5 years after transplantation in 23 patients. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 16. P value was set at .05. RESULTS: The mean length of the transplanted kidney was 110.60±7.92 mm before transplantation in the living donors body versus 120.29±9.01 mm and 119.36+/-9.9 mm at 6-12 months versus more than 5 years after transplantation, respectively. Mean PI and RI were 1.00+/-0.14 and 0.60+/-0.05 before transplantation and 1.00+/-0.22 and 0.61+/-0.08 and 1.07+/-0.26 and 0.63+/-0.07 at 6-12 months versus more than 5 years after transplantation, respectively. There was no significant difference in mean PI and RI during the 5 years of the follow-up study. Mean length and anteroposterior diameter increased significantly at 6-12 months and 5 years after transplantation when compared with the results before transplantation (P<.05). No significant difference was present in Doppler findings of transplanted kidneys between 6-12 months and 5 years after transplantation. In conclusion we observed increasing kidney size after transplantation that remained constant during 5 year follow-up among renal allograft recipients.
Subject(s)
Kidney Failure, Chronic/therapy , Kidney Transplantation/methods , Ultrasonography, Doppler/methods , Adult , Cohort Studies , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Graft Survival , Humans , Kidney/diagnostic imaging , Kidney Failure, Chronic/diagnostic imaging , Living Donors , Male , Middle Aged , Time Factors , Transplantation, HomologousABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a common cause of morbidity, graft loss, and mortality among kidney recipients due to its direct and indirect influences on organs and systems. In this study, we evaluated CMV infection in transplant recipients in Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of 104 renal allograft recipients and their donors transplanted between January 2005 and January 2010. We included all patients (recipients and donors) with least one valid laboratory result for CMV immunoglobulin (Ig)G and CMV IgM. We evaluated the occurrence of CMV disease in allograft recipients in at least the first 3 years after renal transplantation. RESULTS: Fifty-seven renal allograft recipients (54.8%) were males and 47 (45.2%) were females. The overall mean (±standard error) age was 40.32±13.30 years. CMV IgG was positive in 95 cases (91.3%), negative in 9 (8.7%). Serologically, 76.9% patients were D+/R+ 14.4% D-/R+, and 8.7% D+R-. Due to the proccurrence of rejection rendering them high-risk patients for CMV infection about 15% of subjects were treated with anti thymocyte globulin (ATG) followed by prophylactic intravenous gancyclovir for 2 weeks, at doses based on allograft function. Confirmed CMV infection and CMV disease occurred in less than 5% of recipients in the first year after transplantation. About 6% of renal allograft recipients died due to infections during the first 3 years posttransplantation but CMV disease was not confirmed in these patients. CONCLUSION: Due to the living donor-based renal transplantation program, the selection of low-risk patients (panel-reactive antibodies 30%), the low percent of D+/R- patients (8.7%) and the low use of ATG for induction therapy in the Iranian model, universal prophylaxis with gancyclovir is not routinely recommended for our cases.
Subject(s)
Cytomegalovirus Infections/prevention & control , Ganciclovir/pharmacology , Immunosuppressive Agents/pharmacology , Kidney Transplantation/methods , Adult , Cytomegalovirus Infections/complications , Female , Humans , Immunoglobulin G/chemistry , Immunoglobulin M/chemistry , Immunoglobulins/metabolism , Iran , Kidney Failure, Chronic , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Transplantation, Homologous , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Illuminated semiconductor panels scanned with a shadowed spot are used in transmission-mode millimeter wave image converters. To know the performance of this system one must know the response of the illuminated semiconductor panels scanned with the shadowed spot. In this paper the transmission coefficient of the illuminated semiconductor panels scanned with a shadowed strip is studied as a function of the scanning velocity, width of the strip, time, and position of the strip.
Subject(s)
Eye Neoplasms/genetics , Neoplasm Regression, Spontaneous , Retinoblastoma/genetics , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
Pericarditis with effusion can occur as a complication of disseminated coccidioidomycosis. Information on management of this condition is very scanty in the medical literature. One case is described in detail. Early diagnosis and appropriate therapy with amphotericin B have been emphasized as keys to success in treating this condition.
