ABSTRACT
AIM: We studied externally controlled anticancer effects of binding tumor growth inhibiting synthetic peptides to magnetoelectric nanoparticles (MENs) on treatment of glioblastomas. METHODS: Hydrothermally synthesized 30-nm MENs had the core-shell composition of CoFe2O4@BaTiO3. Molecules of growth hormone-releasing hormone antagonist of the MIA class (MIA690) were chemically bound to MENs. In vitro experiments utilized human glioblastoma cells (U-87MG) and human brain microvascular endothelial cells. RESULTS: The studies demonstrated externally controlled high-efficacy binding of MIA690 to MENs, targeted specificity to glioblastoma cells and on-demand release of the peptide by application of d.c. and a.c. magnetic fields, respectively. CONCLUSION: The results support the use of MENs as an effective drug delivery carrier for growth hormone-releasing hormone antagonists in the treatment of human glioblastomas.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry , Brain Neoplasms/drug therapy , Drug Carriers/chemistry , Glioblastoma/drug therapy , Growth Hormone/antagonists & inhibitors , Magnetite Nanoparticles/chemistry , Peptides/chemistry , Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage , Barium Compounds/chemistry , Brain/blood supply , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Survival/drug effects , Cobalt/chemistry , Drug Liberation , Endothelial Cells/cytology , Endothelial Cells/drug effects , Ferric Compounds/chemistry , Growth Hormone/metabolism , Hormone Antagonists/therapeutic use , Humans , Magnetic Fields , Microvessels/cytology , Nanospheres/chemistry , Particle Size , Peptides/administration & dosage , Titanium/chemistryABSTRACT
Rechargeable aluminum batteries (Al batteries) can potentially be safer, cheaper, and deliver higher energy densities than those of commercial Li-ion batteries (LIBs). However, due to the very high charge density of Al3+ cations and their strong interactions with the host lattice, very few cathode materials are known to be able to reversibly intercalate these ions. Herein, a rechargeable Al battery based on a two-dimensional (2D) vanadium carbide (V2CTx) MXene cathode is reported. The reversible intercalation of Al3+ cations between the MXene layers is suggested to be the mechanism for charge storage. It was found that the electrochemical performance could be significantly improved by converting multilayered V2CTx particles to few-layer sheets. With specific capacities of more than 300 mAh g-1 at high discharge rates and relatively high discharge potentials, V2CTx MXene electrodes show one of the best performances among the reported cathode materials for Al batteries. This study can lead to foundations for the development of high-capacity and high energy density rechargeable Al batteries by showcasing the potential of a large family of intercalation-type cathode materials based on MXenes.
Subject(s)
Aluminum/chemistry , Cations/chemistry , Electric Power Supplies , Electricity , Electrodes , Intercalating Agents/chemistry , Lithium/chemistry , Vanadium/chemistryABSTRACT
AIM: The biodistribution and clearance of magnetoelectric nanoparticles (MENs) in a mouse model was studied through electron energy dispersive spectroscopy. MATERIALS & METHODS: This approach allows for detection of nanoparticles (NPs) in tissues with the spatial resolution of scanning electron microscopy, does not require any tissue-sensitive staining and is not limited to MENs. RESULTS: The size-dependent biodistribution of intravenously administrated MENs was measured in vital organs such as the kidneys, liver, spleen, lungs and brain at four different postinjection times including 1 day, 1 week, 4 and 8 weeks, respectively. CONCLUSION: The smallest NPs, 10-nm MENs, were cleared relatively rapidly and uniformly across the organs, while the clearance of the larger NPs, 100- and 600-nm MENs, was highly nonlinear with time and nonuniform across the organs.
Subject(s)
Magnetite Nanoparticles/chemistry , Spectrum Analysis/methods , Administration, Intravenous , Animals , Barium Compounds/chemistry , Cobalt/chemistry , Ferrosoferric Oxide/chemistry , Humans , Kinetics , Magnets/chemistry , Mice , Microscopy, Electron/methods , Nanomedicine , Particle Size , Surface Properties , Tissue Distribution/drug effects , Titanium/chemistryABSTRACT
It is a challenge to eradicate tumor cells while sparing normal cells. We used magnetoelectric nanoparticles (MENs) to control drug delivery and release. The physics is due to electric-field interactions (i) between MENs and a drug and (ii) between drug-loaded MENs and cells. MENs distinguish cancer cells from normal cells through the membrane's electric properties; cancer cells have a significantly smaller threshold field to induce electroporation. In vitro and in vivo studies (nude mice with SKOV-3 xenografts) showed that (i) drug (paclitaxel (PTX)) could be attached to MENs (30-nm CoFe2O4@BaTiO3 nanostructures) through surface functionalization to avoid its premature release, (ii) drug-loaded MENs could be delivered into cancer cells via application of a d.c. field (~100 Oe), and (iii) the drug could be released off MENs on demand via application of an a.c. field (~50 Oe, 100 Hz). The cell lysate content was measured with scanning probe microscopy and spectrophotometry. MENs and control ferromagnetic and polymer nanoparticles conjugated with HER2-neu antibodies, all loaded with PTX were weekly administrated intravenously. Only the mice treated with PTX-loaded MENs (15/200 µg) in a field for three months were completely cured, as confirmed through infrared imaging and post-euthanasia histology studies via energy-dispersive spectroscopy and immunohistochemistry.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology , Drug Delivery Systems/methods , Magnetite Nanoparticles/chemistry , Ovarian Neoplasms/therapy , Paclitaxel/pharmacology , Animals , Antibodies/chemistry , Antibodies/metabolism , Cell Line, Tumor , Drug Delivery Systems/instrumentation , Female , Humans , Immunoconjugates/chemistry , Immunoconjugates/metabolism , Injections, Subcutaneous , Magnetic Fields , Magnetite Nanoparticles/ultrastructure , Magnets , Mice , Mice, Nude , Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology , Particle Size , Receptor, ErbB-2/chemistry , Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism , Treatment Outcome , Xenograft Model Antitumor AssaysABSTRACT
AIM: The in vivo study on imprinting control region mice aims to show that magnetoelectric nanoparticles may directly couple the intrinsic neural activity-induced electric fields with external magnetic fields. METHODS: Approximately 10 µg of CoFe2O4-BaTiO3 30-nm nanoparticles have been intravenously administrated through a tail vein and forced to cross the blood-brain barrier via a d.c. field gradient of 3000 Oe/cm. A surgically attached two-channel electroencephalography headmount has directly measured the modulation of intrinsic electric waveforms by an external a.c. 100-Oe magnetic field in a frequency range of 0-20 Hz. RESULTS: The modulated signal has reached the strength comparable to that due the regular neural activity. CONCLUSION: The study opens a pathway to use multifunctional nanoparticles to control intrinsic fields deep in the brain.
