ABSTRACT
Even in 15th and 16th century there were people in Bosnia, preparing medicaments and selling different kinds of medical herbs. At first, they were Jews, later Muslims. They were called "attars"--drugsellers. They were very familiar with herbs of medical purpose. They could recognize herb by its colour and outlook. The goods were sold in specialized shops--attar shop. When analysing Materia Medica from an attar shop--according to the list from the 1911 (dr. Moritz Levy: "Sefards in Bosnia"), we can conclude that assortment of medical herbs and some medicaments was correct. Some Galen forms used in that time, are still in use nowadays. This paper describes all materials encompassed by Materia Medica. They are classified as organic and non-organic materials, and their use in therapy was also emphasized. Materia Medica of attar shops gives us a lot of material for research of non-official medicine and pharmacy from that time.
Subject(s)
Materia Medica/history , Bosnia and Herzegovina , History, 15th Century , History, 16th Century , History, 17th Century , History, 18th CenturyABSTRACT
The differentiation and separation of two scientific disciplines, medicine and pharmacy begins during the 12th century. Each differentiation by itself brings certain improvement and upgrading but at any level, this happens only when proper conditions are met. Therefore, in order for pharmacy to appear as a profession and to promoted to the level of science, certain conditions had to be met, namely the society and cultural forces had matured to the level of differentiation of these two disciplines, which have begun existing as completely independent disciplines in that time. For the history of pharmacy, it is very important to note the fact that we find the first beginnings of professional pharmacy among Arabic population. The first drug stores in the world were established in Arabic world (Baghdad 754). Considering the fact that Arabs had brought a great deal to pharmaceutical science and the fact that their search included some 2.000 substances, the goal of this work was formulated and medicinal herbs used in the treatment listed. The forms used that period are still used in the therapy and some formulations of drugs can be found in pharmacopeas even today. If we add to these reports the fact that most of the literature appearing in the field was also of Arabic origin and that many editions and translations of the pharmaceutical works from Arabic to Latin had been published ever since, the obvious contribution of Arabic science in the development of pharmacy becomes even more obvious.
Subject(s)
History of Pharmacy , Medicine, Arabic/history , Arab World/history , History, Medieval , Humans , Plants, MedicinalABSTRACT
The gallenic drugs manufacturing often represented necessary substitution in the commercial products deficiency, for a short time-period, whereas in a war conditions could supplement and/or substitute some commercial products. As information about commercial products we used the Pharmacotherapeutical handbook and the Basis pharmaco-informing data register, whereas the manufacturing of the gallenic drugs are established by the general instructions of the Yugoslav Pharmacopoeia in this paper in which the possibilities of the commercial products substitution were shown. The aim of the paper was to reaffirm existing materia medica performances, supplement the existing offer of gallenic drugs and alleviate increasing lack of commercial drug products.
Subject(s)
Drug Compounding , Pharmacopoeias as Topic , Warfare , Pharmaceutical Preparations/supply & distribution , YugoslaviaABSTRACT
The development of pharmacy and dispensaries in Bosnia and Herzegovina started very early and it could be divided into several periods from which we select the period of Turkish and Austro-Hungarian rules as they had organized activities. In remote times, beginnings of treatment of diseases belong to herbalists who in our parts even then were a significant guild. That guild saw an intensive development in the times of Turkish rule. In Sarajevo, the sale of medicines in shops was established as early as that period. They resembled today's drugstores and had supervision of the condition and use of medicines which was done strictly. The Austro-Hungarian period in Bosnia and Herzegovina meant a great change in the development of pharmacy and health care generally and since then pharmacy and dispensaries in Bosnia and Herzegovina have been organized according to European standards, while the care of making dispensing and trading in medicines was taken over by trained pharmacists.
Subject(s)
History of Pharmacy , Pharmacies/history , Bosnia and Herzegovina , History, 15th Century , History, 16th Century , History, 18th Century , History, 19th Century , History, MedievalABSTRACT
Comparison of extrapyramidal side effects of two fluphenazine hydrochloride injections. Lyogen and Moditen was carried out by the in vivo experiments in mice. The incidence, intensity and duration of the catalepsy in mice after i. m. application of 10 mg/kg fluphenazine hydrochloride in two forms of sterile water solution have been observed. Catalepsy of significant intensity occurred after a short period of 15 minutes regarding the both formulations and maximal values were observed 30 and 60 minutes after application of Lyogen, and Moditen respectively. Significant values of cataleptic intensity with respect to control group (the water for injection-treated group) were registered during 28 hours after the application of both formulations. This study of cataleptic effects could not confirm significant differences between these two formulations, between the rate of occurrence and duration of effects. On the other hand, the difference between intensities were observed and were more prominent in the period between 6-24 hours. An the most cases they were not significant (p greater than 0.05).
