ABSTRACT
Analytical methods including ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with photodiode array (PDA) detector were developed for the analysis of caffeoylquinic acid derivatives in seeds, leaves and roots of Arctium lappa L. Separation was performed on C(18) column utilising 5% (v/v) acetic acid in water and acetonitrile at 330 nm. Both methodologies were validated in terms of linearity, precision, and recovery. The results showed that the major advantages of UPLC, over HPLC were the fast analysis, narrow peaks, high sensitivity, and reduction of solvent consumption. Subsequently the methods were applied for the identification and quantification of chlorogenic acid (5-CQA) and 1,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (1,5-DCQA) as main compounds in samples. The total phenolic content of samples ranged from 3.93 to 14.13 g of 5-CQA equivalent/100g dry weight (DW). There was a significant variability from 89 to 571 mg/100g for 5-CQA and 48 to 486 mg/100g for 1,5-DCQA in dry material.
Subject(s)
Arctium/chemistry , Caffeic Acids/analysis , Esters/analysis , Plant Extracts/analysis , Arctium/growth & development , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Plant Leaves/chemistry , Plant Roots/chemistry , Seeds/chemistryABSTRACT
A simple reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method based on isocratic elution has been developed and validated for the simultaneous quantitation of flavonols (myricetin, quercetin, kaempferol, and isorhamnetin), flavones (luteolin and apigenin), and phenolic acids (chlorogenic, caffeic, ellagic, and rosmarinic acids) as important constituents in fruits, vegetables, and medicinal plants. Analysis was achieved on a C18 column at ambient temperature. The wavelengths used for the detection of flavonols, flavones, and phenolic acids were 370, 350, and 325 nm, respectively. After acid hydrolysis, the flavonoid aglycones were quantified straightforwardly in 20 dry herbal samples. The plants with the highest flavonoids were Rosa damascena, Solidago virgaurea, Ginkgo biloba, and Camellia sinensis. The contents of flavonoids aglycons ranged from 0.54 to 11.10 mg/g, from 0.03 to 14.80 mg/g, from 0.19 to 2.76 mg/g, from 0.15 to 2.36 mg/g, from 0.27 to 2.05 mg/g, and from 0.42 to 1.82 mg/g for quercetin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin, luteolin, apigenin, and myricetin in dry plant samples, respectively.
Subject(s)
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods , Flavonols/analysis , Fruit/chemistry , Hydroxybenzoates/analysis , Plant Extracts/analysis , Plants, Medicinal/chemistry , Vegetables/chemistryABSTRACT
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The flowering aerial parts of Mentha pulegium L. (Labiatae) has been traditionally used for its antiseptic properties for treatment of infectious diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY: In order to validate its antiseptic properties with respect to traditional uses, we have screened the antimicrobial activity of flowering aerial parts of Mentha pulegium L. essential oil against different microorganisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This oil was obtained using hydrodistillation method and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The antimicrobial activity was achieved using disc diffusion method and microbroth dilution assay. RESULTS: Analysis of the essential oil revealed the presence of piperitone (38.0%), piperitenone (33.0%), alpha-terpineol (4.7%), and pulegone (2.3%) as the major components. The results showed a significant activity against microorganisms especially Gram-positive bacteria with inhibition zones and minimal inhibitory concentration values in the range of 8-21 mm and 0.25-4 microl/ml, respectively, whereas the least susceptible were Gram-negative bacteria especially Escherichia coli. CONCLUSIONS: This investigation showed that the oil of Mentha pulegium L. has a potent antimicrobial activity and the Iranian Mentha pulegium L. oil belongs to piperitone/piperitenone type. Further research is required to evaluate the practical values of therapeutic applications.
Subject(s)
Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology , Mentha pulegium/chemistry , Oils, Volatile/pharmacology , Anti-Infective Agents/isolation & purification , Chromatography, Gas , Cyclohexane Monoterpenes , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry , Iran , Medicine, Traditional , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Monoterpenes/isolation & purification , Oils, Volatile/chemistry , Oils, Volatile/isolation & purification , Plant Components, AerialABSTRACT
A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of allantoin in silk and seed of Zea mays has been developed. Allantoin separation in crude extract was achieved using a C 18 column and phosphate buffer solution (pH 3.0) as a mobile phase at ambient temperature at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and detected at 210 nm. The results showed that the amount of allantoin in samples was between 14 and 271 mg/100 g of dry plant material. A comprehensive validation of the method including sensitivity, linearity, repeatability, and recovery was conducted. The calibration curve was linear over the range of 0.2-200 microg/mL with a correlation coefficient of r2>0.999. Limit of detection (LOD, S/N=3) and limit of quantification (LOQ) values of the allantoin were 0.05 and 0.2 microg/mL (1.0 and 4.0 ng) respectively. The relative standard deviation (RSD) value of the repeatability was reported within 1.2%. The average recovery of allantoin added to samples was 100.6% with RSD of 1.5%.
