Preparation and in vitro evaluation of forsythoside A-loaded exosomes / 中国中药杂志

A drug delivery system of forsythoside A-loaded exosomes(FTA-Exos) with high biocompatibility and low immunogenicity was established to investigate its impact on the migration of human lung epithelial adenocarcinoma A549 cells. The exosomes from A549 cells were extracted and purified by ultra-high speed centrifugation and ultrafiltration. FTA-Exos were prepared by ultrasonic incubation, and characterized by particle size analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and Western blot assay. The uptake of FTA-Exos by A549 cells was observed under the laser confocal microscope, and the impact of FTA-Exos on the migration of A549 cells was investigated by cell scratch assay. The results showed that the average particle size of the prepared FTA-Exos was(138.90±2.37) nm, which increased slightly after drug loading. The PDI was 0.291±0.013, and the average potential was(-10.1±0.66) mV. The FTA-Exos were spheroidal in appearance as observed by transmission electron microscope, with an obvious saucer-like double-layer membrane. Western blot assay indicated that the specific proteins CD63 and Alix were both expressed in exosomes. The laser confocal microscopy suggested that FTA-Exos were taken up by A549 cells and stably maintained in the cell for 4-8 h, and the fluorescence was significantly enhanced at 4 h. The scratch assay showed that the inhibitory effect of FTA-Exos on the migration of A549 cells was significantly stronger than that of forsythoside A(P < 0.05). In conclusion, the drug delivery system of FTA-Exos established in this study had good stability, reliable preparation process, and potent inhibitory effect on the migration of A549 cells in vitro, which can provide an important reference for subsequent in-depth research and application.

Expression of Na(v)1.6 in rats after cerebral ischemic injury / 中华神经医学杂志

Objective To observe the changes of Na(v)1.6 expression in rats after acute cerebral ischemia and the effect of Riluzole (the sodium channel blocker) on these changes, and discuss the relationship between level of Na(v)l.6 and cerebral ischemia. Methods One hundred and five healthy SD rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group (n=15), ischemia control group (IC, n=45) and Riluzole therapy group (RT, n=45). Rat models of focal acute cerebral ischemia in the later 2 groups were established by permanent occlusion of right middle cerebral artery. Riluzole at a dosage of 8 mg/kg was given once daily to the rats of the RT group 30 min after ischemia. Tissues from the striatum were collected at different time points (6 h, and 1, 2, 3 and 7 d after ischemia); the expressions of Na(v)1.6 in the striatum were detected by immunofluorescence staining and real-time quantitative PCR at each time point; and the infarct volume was observed by triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining at each time point.Results The rats in the IC group and RT group showed neurologic impairment, especially 2 d after ischemia; rats of the IC group presented significantly higher scores of neurological function scale than those of the RT group at the same time point (P＜0.05). Immunofluorescence staining showed that the expression of Na (v)1.6 was up-regulated, and reached its peak level 1 d after ischemia but then, was down-regulated both in the IC group and RT group. Real-time quantitative PCR showed that the expression of Na(v)1.6 in the IC group was up-regulated 1 d after ischemia, and then down-regulated 2, 3 and 7 d after ischemia, however, that in the RT group was down-regulated 6 h after ischemia; the mRNA expression of Na (v)1.6 in the RT group was obviously down-regulated as compared with that in the IC group at the same time point (P＜0.05). The infarction volume became the largest 3 daRer ischemia both in the IC group and RT group; the infarction volume in RT group was smaller than that in IC group at the same time point (P＜0.05). Conclusion The expression of Na(v)1.6 is down-regulated after cerebral ischemic injury to mitigate acute cerebral ischemic injury, indicating that Na (v)1.6 might involve in the development of cerebral ischemic injury.

Rosuvastatin attenuates vascular endothelial adhesiveness in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the anti-inflammatory effects on the vessel wall of rosuvastatin in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eight-week-old apolipoprotein E-deficient mice fed a normal chow diet were treated with vehicle or various doses of rosuvastatin (1, 5, or 20 mg/kg) by subcutaneous injection for 2 or 6 weeks prior to sacrifice. Endothelial adhesiveness for monocytes was determined by functional binding assay. The expressions of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 in the vessel wall were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Endothelial adhesiveness for monocytes was significantly attenuated after 2 or 6 weeks treatments with 5 or 20 mg/kg rosuvastatin. Rosuvastatin also significantly reduced the expressions of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 in the vessel wall.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The anti-inflammatory effects of suvastatin might be responsible for attenuating the pathogenesis of atherogenesis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice.</p>

Protective effects of edaravone on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of edaravone on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty rats were randomly divided into five groups: sham operation group (Group A), renal ischemia-reperfusion group (Group B) and edaravone treated groups (Group C1, Group C2 and Group C3 with different drug dosages). Serum maleic dialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), renal MDA and SOD, serum creatinine (Cr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were measured after the rat kidney was ischemia-reperfused for 24 hours. Renal ultrastructure was observed.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Compared with Group A, serum and renal MDA, serum Cr, BUN of Group B were significant increased (P <0.01), serum and renal SOD of Group B were significant decreased (P <0.01). After edaravone treatment, serum MDA, Cr and renal MDA of Group C were lower than those in Group B (P<0.01); Serum and renal SOD of group C were higher than those in Group B (P <0.01); Compared with Group B, BUN level of Group C had no significant change (P >0.05). The renal ultrastructure was greatly injured in Group B, meanwhile it was obviously ameliorated in Group C.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Edaravone has protective effects on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.</p>

Double filtration plasmapheresis in treatment of hyperlipidemic acute pancreatitis / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the therapeutic effects of double filtration plasmapheresis(DFPP) in treatment of hyperlipidemic acute pancreatitis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Nine patients with acute hyperlipidemic pancreatitis were treated with DFPP in addition to the conventional therapeutic measures. The clinical symptoms,serum levels of triglyceride (TG) and APACHE II scores were observed before and after DFPP.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>After DFPP the clinical symptoms of patients were improved greatly; serum levels of TG decreased from (83.48 +/-2.54)mmol/L to (4.09 +/-0.65)mmol/L(P<0.01) and APACHE II scores decreased from 12.2 +/- 2.3 to 6.2 +/- 1.3(P <0.05). There were no significant side effects during and after DFPP.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>DFPP can be effectively and safely applied in patients with acute hyperlipidemic pancreatitis.</p>