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Polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) has the characteristics of biocompatibility, biodegradability, modifiability, and slow release, which has attracted extensive attention in the treatment of gynecological diseases. This paper summarizes the relevant literature reports at home and abroad in recent years, expounds the research situation of PLGA nanoparticles as drug carriers in gynecological diseases such as ovarian cancer, breast cancer, cervical cancer and endometriosis, and looks forward to its great potential in clinical application in gynecological diseases, providing guidance for its prevention and treatment in gynecological diseases.
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Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) is an important intracellular transcription factor, which regulates the expression of many genes including inflammation and apoptosis and is widely distributed in placenta. In this review, we introduced the relationship between placental NF-κB and pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia, HELLP syndromne and premature rupture of membranes. The role of placental NF-κB in the development of the pregnancy complications and the progress of the treatment of related diseases through the NF-κB pathway was summarized. This review will lay the foundation for the further study of placental related diseases and provide new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of pregnancy complications.
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This paper presents a data-based finite-horizon optimal control approach for discrete-time nonlinear affine systems. The iterative adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) is used to approximately solve Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation by minimizing the cost function in finite time. The idea is implemented with the heuristic dynamic programming (HDP) involved the model network, which makes the iterative control at the first step can be obtained without the system function, meanwhile the action network is used to obtain the approximate optimal control law and the critic network is utilized for approximating the optimal cost function. The convergence of the iterative ADP algorithm and the stability of the weight estimation errors based on the HDP structure are intensively analyzed. Finally, two simulation examples are provided to demonstrate the theoretical results and show the performance of the proposed method.
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Objective: To analyze the chemical constituents of Morchella esculenta, and to determine the main activeingredient of it, so as to better control the quality of Morchella esculenta and promote the development and utilization of Morchella. Methods: The compounds were extracted and percolated by ethanol. The samples were separated using silicagel and identified by13C-NMR data. HPLC was used to assay the contents of 4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol. Results: A totalof 5 compounds were isolated and their structures were identified as 11, 15, 19-trimethyl-5, 9-eicosadienoic acid, cis-13-Docosenoic acid&Erucic acid, 4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol, Ergosta-5, 7, 22-triene-3β-ol and Mannitol. Conclusion: 4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol was first isolated from the Morchella esculenta fruiting body, and HPLC method for thedetermination of 4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol was established. The content of 4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol were no less than0.40％. The determination method can be used for quality control of Morchella esculenta.
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This paper proposes a novel event-triggered adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) control method for nonlinear continuous-time system with unknown internal states. Comparing with the traditional ADP design with a fixed sample period, the event-triggered method samples the state and updates the controller only when it is necessary. Therefore, the computation cost and transmission load are reduced. Usually, the event-triggered method is based on the system entire state which is either infeasible or very difficult to obtain in practice applications. This paper integrates a neural-network-based observer to recover the system internal states from the measurable feedback. Both the proposed observer and the controller are aperiodically updated according to the designed triggering condition. Neural network techniques are applied to estimate the performance index and help calculate the control action. The stability analysis of the proposed method is also demonstrated by Lyapunov construct for both the continuous and jump dynamics. The simulation results verify the theoretical analysis and justify the efficiency of the proposed method.
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Objective To analyze effects of target-oriented liquid therapy on postoperative complications in elderly hypertensive patients with radical gastrectomy.Methods 156 elderly patients with hypertension who underwent radical gastrectomy in our hospital from January 2014 to December 2015 were divided into the conventional group and the target group according to a random number table.Routine infusion was given to the patients in the conventional group,while the patients in the target group were treated with intraoperative target oriented liquid therapy.Intraoperative liquid intake and output volume,hospital stay,vasoactive drug use rate and the incidence of complications within 1 month after surgery were compared between the two groups.Results Target group versus conventional group showed that the colloid volume was(832.3 ± 216.6) ml vs.(1 031.3±245.8) ml,the amount of crystals was(1 157.6±149.2) ml vs.(1 559.8±201.4) ml,the total fluid replenishment was(1 940.2 ± 328.9) ml vs.(2 650.0 ± 276.6) ml,the hospitalization time was (9.8 ± 1.1) d and (12.5 ± 2.0) d (t =-5.607,-13.771,-18.021 and-10.447,respectively,all P=0.000).The use rate of vasoactive drugs was higher in the conventional group[69.2％ (54/ 78)] than in the target group [29.5 ％ (23 / 78)] (x2 =24.645,P =0.000).The complications within 1 months after surgery was higher in the conventional group[12.8％ (10/78)]than in the target group[3.8％ (3/78)] (x2=4.112,P=0.043).Conclusions Target-oriented liquid therapy can improve the prognosis of elderly patients receiving radical gastrectomy,reduce the incidence of postoperative complications and promote the early rehabilitation.
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This study aimed to identify Inulae Herba, Inulae Flos and their closely related species using the ITS2 bar-code, and secure the quality and clinical curative effect of these medicinal materials. DNA was extracted from Inula linariifolia, I. japonica, I. britanica, which are the original species of Inulae Herba and Inulae Flos, together with their closely related species. The ITS2 sequence was amplified by PCR and sequenced bidirectionally. Sequence assembly and generation of consensus sequence were conducted by the CodonCode Aligner. The genetic distances were comput-ed using MEGA 5.0 in accordance with the Kimura-2-parameter (K2P) model, and the phylogenetic tree constructed by the neighbor-joining (NJ) method. The results showed that the ITS2 sequences of the various species have stable variable sites. The intraspecific genetic distances among Inulae Herba and Inulae Flos were obviously lower than the interspecific genetic distance among the above two medicinal materials and its adulterants. The NJ tree based on ITS2 sequences can clearly differ from Inulae Herba, Inulae Flos and their closely related species. It is concluded that ITS2 sequence can be used as DNA barcode to identify Inulae Herba, Inulae Flos and their closely related species.
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Descurainiae, Lepidii Semen and their it adulterants were identified by analysising their ITS2 sequences. The genomic DNA was extracted from 46 samples including Descurainiae and Lepidii Semen and their it adulterants. Their ITS2 sequences were amplified, and purified PCR products were sequenced. Sequence assembly and consensus sequence generation were performed using CodonCode Aligner v 4.25. The genetic distances, variable sites and the neighbor-joning (NJ) phylogenetic tree were computed by MEGA 6.0 in accordance with the Kimura 2-parameter (K2P) model. The results showed that the intra-specific genetic distances of Descurainia sophia and Lepidium apetalum were 0.021 and 0.010, which were smaller than inter-specific ones of D. sophia, L. apetalum and their adulterants. The NJ tree showed that both D. sophia and L. apetalum were clustered into one monophyletic branch, and clearly separated with their sibling species. Therefore ITS2 sequence was able to identify Descurainiae and Lep-idii Semen and its adulterants to ensure the quality of medicines and clinical efficacy.
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Some grain sprouts herbs recorded in Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2010, including Oryzae Fructus Germinatus, Setariae Fructus Germinatus and Hordei Fructus Germinatus, together with their adulterants, were identified by ITS2 sequences. The genomic DNA were extracted, their ITS2 sequences were amplified, and purified PCR products were sequenced. Sequences were assembled using the CodonCode Aligner. The genetic distances, variable sites and the neighbor-joining (NJ) phylogenetic tree were computed by MEGA 6.0 in accordance with the Kimura 2-Parameter (K2P) model. The results showed that their intraspecific genetic distances were all much lower than the interspecific ones of themselves and their adulterants. The NJ tree based on ITS2 sequence indicated that Oryza sativa, Setariaitalica, and Hordeum vulgar formed one monophyletic clade respectively, in addition any one of the grain sprouts herbs and its adulterants could be distinguished clearly. Therefore, ITS2 sequence is suitable to be as a barcode to identify the grain sprouts herbs and their adulterants.
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Objective To explore the influences of Dexmedetomidine for laparoscopic cholecystectomy on stress reaction and hepatic/renal functions. Methods Totally 100 cases with laparoscopic cholecystectomy were divided into two groups:Dexmedetormidine group and Propofol control group (n=50 for each group) according to the different anesthetic methods.The hemodynamic change,stress reaction and hepatic/renal function were measured and analyzed. Results Heart rate [(85.7±13.4)times /min vs.(62.7±9.9) times/min; (81.3±14.9) times/min vs.(60.3±8.8)times/min,t=2.296,2.714,P=0.045,0.022] and mean artery pressure(MAP )[(86.3±11.9)mm Hg vs.(66.5+11.7) mm Hg; (88.6±15.6) mm Hg vs.(68.7± 12.3) mm Hg,t=2.653,2.240,P=0.024,0.049] immediately at trachea cannula and 1 min after trachea cannula were significantly increased in Propofol control group as compared with Dexmedetomidine group.In contrast to Propofol control group,epinephrine[(680.1±112.3) pmol/L vs.(576.1±83.1)pmol/L; (705.4±127.6)pmol/L vs.648.8±105.3) pmol/L,(689.6±123.4) pmol/L vs.(628.2±94.3) pmol/L,t=2.628,2.242,2.224,P=0.019,0.039,0.040],norepinephrine[(3953.6±514.6) pmol/L vs.(3695.1±196.2) pmol/L; (3967.2=514.9) pmol/L vs.(4367.1±565.7) pmol/L; (4095.8±415.1) pmol/L vs.(3813.4 ± 513.7) pmol/L, t =2.454, 2.500, 2.255, P =0.032, 0.030,0.045] and hydrocortisone [(796.6±198.7) nmol/L vs.(698.7±176.3) nmol/L; (835.5+217.2) nmol/L vs.(783.7±201.9) nmol/L; (822.4±203.3) nmol/L vs.(720.6±188.1) nmol/L,t=2.334,2.167,2.189,P=0.033,0.044,0.043] immediately at trachea cannula,1 min and 5 min after trachea cannula were decreased in Dexmedetomidine group.There were not significantly differences in hepatic/renal function between the two groups (P＞ 0.05). Conclusions Dexmedetomidine is safe and effective for laparoscopic cholecystectomy in view of more stable hemodynamics,less stress reaction,and non influence on hepatic/renal function.
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This study was aimed to assess the effects of cyclic biaxial mechanical stimulation on the invasion capacity in vitro and on the expression of MMP-9 in the salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC) high metastatic cell lines ACC-M, and in the SACC low metastatic cell lines ACC-2. We observed the functions of mechanical stimulation in the invasion of cell in vitro and investigated the mechanism involved in the invasion of SACC. Mechanical stimuli were applied to the cells for periods of 1, 3 and 6 hours daily, lasting 2 days. The mechanical stimuli applied to the cells were 4000 micro strain and 1000 micro strain, at a frequency of three hertz. Unstrained cells were used as control. The expressions of MMP-9 on ACC-M and ACC-2 were studied with laser scanning confocal microscope and image analysis software. In vitro invasion capacity of ACC-2 and ACC-M cells was determined by Transwell. The results showed the expression of MMP-9 on the cell of ACC-M was obvious by higher than that on ACC-2. MMP-9 was closely related with the invasion and metastasis of SACC. The mechanical stimulation changed the expression of MMP-9 and the invasion capacity in different duration of mechanical stimulations. Mechanical stimulation can adjust the invasion capacity and expression of MMP-9. It can promote metastasis of the cancer. Moreover, some protein other than MMP-9 may play an important role in the metastasis of the cancer.
