Breast Carcinoma in a 7-Years- Old Girl

This is a case report of a 7 years old female patient diagnosed to have secretory carcinoma of the breast and secondary axillary lymph nodes metastasis after she presented with compliant of left breast swelling that lasted for about 6 months. It is a rare ( 1) type of breast carcinoma with distinct histologic features. Diagnosis of this carcinoma at fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is quite difficult and it is not a particularly aggressive tumor with excellent prognosis even in the presence of metastasis. Axillary locoregional lymph node metastases are uncommon. Several authors; therefore; recommend a conservative and non-aggressive treatment as much as possible. In her case; modified radical mastectomy with level II axillary dissection was done without hormonal or chemotherapy. So far; the therapeutic approach tends to be fairly flexible

Post menopausal vaginal bleeding due to vaginal wall leech infestation.

A 50 year old para vi patient was referred to Mekelle Hospital on October 23, 1992 with post menopausal vaginal bleeding and haemorrhagic shock to rule out endometrial carcinoma. She was anaemic. Speculum examination revealed a darkish mass attached to the posterior vaginal fornix. The mass was instilled with about 5 ml (1%) Lidocaine, after which it detached itself and started movement. The mass was an aquatic leech. Previously, post menopausal vaginal bleeding due to leech infestation was not reported, and therefore, this has to be included in the differential diagnosis of abnormal vaginal bleeding. Emphasis should also be made to create awareness among professionals working in areas where leech infestation is prevalent.

The effect of varying doses of oral iodized oil in the prophylaxis of endemic goitre in elementary schools children.

The effect of oral iodine supplementation on total goitre rate (%TGR) and urinary iodine excretion among school children 4 to 16 years of age was studied. In the first group (n = 57) 200mg oral iodized oil reduced %TGR from 31.6% to 17.5% and 33.3% to 24.6% in males and females respectively, while in the second group (n = 53), 400mg iodine reduced the %TGR from 34.0% to 20.8% in males and 35.9% to 24.5% in females after 13 months of intervention. This gave a relative indication that the 200mg is as effective as the 400mg in goitre reduction. In subsequent tests, the maximum urinary iodine excretion was obtained from the groups which received two doses of iodized oil 24 hours after the intervention. A significant (p = 0.003) greater increase in urinary iodine excretion was noted at 24 hours among both male and female children administered 400mg than among those who received 200mg. Measurements after 24 hours showed no significant difference between urinary iodine excretion of the two dose groups. These results suggest that: (i) 200mg is likely equally effective as 400mg for iodine deficiency disorders control and prevention among children and (ii) iodine could be administered annually rather than biannually.

Nutrient costing.

For the purpose of computing changes in food cost over time as well as the planning of proper nutrition education and dietary counselling, the cost of important Ethiopian foods was collected in Addis Ababa markets for three and one-half years and computed for the amount of energy and protein yield per unit price. In general, cereals and legumes faired well in their contribution of these nutrients at low cost. Certain foods, such as vetch, sugar and marmalades were also found to contribute a significant amount of nutrients at low cost. Because of the neurotoxic content in vetch and the contribution of a single nutrient as an energy source in the case of the latter two, their utilization during meal planning is subject to careful consideration. Foods of animal origin are second to last in their nutrient contribution per cost although their nutrient density makes them important in consumer demand. Root crops and vegetables that are known for their bulk are at the bottom of the list of good nutrient contributors per cost.

Thiamin status in normal and malnourished children in Jamaica.

Thiamin status has been measured using the erythrocyte transketolase (EC 2.2.1.1) assay in twenty-eight normal children and in twenty-five severely-malnourished children throughout the course of recovery. Subclinical thiamin deficiency was found in 7% of the normal children and 36% of the malnourished children on admission. There was no significant association between thiamin status and oedema, stunting or wasting, history of breast-feeding, pattern of weaning, age or sex. Five malnourished children, who died, all had a normal thiamin status on admission; however, two developed biochemical evidence of thiamin deficiency preterminally.