ABSTRACT
Objective To determine the effect of trunk motion control on knee biomechanics during single-leg landing. Methods Twenty male healthy basketball players were recruited. The kinematics, kinetics parameters and surface electromyogram (EMG) of knee joints under trunk motion control during single-leg landing were studied by using Vicon motion Analysis system, Kistler force platform and Noraxon surface EMG system. Results Compared with natural landing, there were significant differences in flexion angle at initial contact moment, peak flexion angle and peak flexion moment during deeply inspiratory landing and landing with a stick, and a significantly larger flexion angle at initial contact moment, a larger peak flexion angle and smaller peak flexion moment were also found. Compared with natural landing, there was no statistical difference in peak valgus angle and peak valgus moment, as well as EMG activity of hamstrings, quadriceps muscles of the knee during deeply inspiratory landing and landing with a stick. Conclusions Deeply inspiratory landing or landing with a stick reduce the risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, and the results provide the theoretical basis for prevention of ACL injuries in basketball players during landing.
ABSTRACT
Objective To study the effect of ankle taping (restriction of ankle varus and plantar flexion) on biomechanical characteristics of the knee during drop landing on the dominant leg. Methods Eighteen amateur athletes performed the dominant-legged drop landing under two different ankle conditions (with or without taping). Vicon three-dimensional (3D) motion capture system, Kistler force plate and Noraxon surface electromyography (sEMG) system were used to collect kinetic, kinematic and sEMG data for statistical analysis. Results Compared with control group, ankle taping significantly increased flexion angle at initial contact and maximum flexion angle, while significantly decreased the maximum valgus angle. Conclusions The restriction of varus and plantar flexion might reduce the risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. The intervention with ankle taping could modify biomechanical parameters of the knee during drop landing. The ankle taping by restriction of ankle varus and plantar flexion may be an effective measure to prevent ACL injury for collegiate athletes.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the clinical effects of radical intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) combined with concurrent chemotherapy in the treatment of metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods Ninety patients with metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma in the First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University from August 2010 to April 2015 were selected as the research objects. All the patients were randomly divided into the observation group (45 cases) and the control group (45 cases) according to the random lottery envelope. The control group was treated with conventional chemotherapy treatment, and the observation group was treated with radical IMRT based on the treatment of the control group. The efficacy of the patients in both groups was evaluated after the treatment for 4 periods. Results The effective rate in the observation group was higher than that in the control group [66.7 % (30/45) vs. 33.3 % (15/45); χ2= 4.552, P＜ 0.05]. In the observation group, there were 3 cases of radiation esophageal injury and 3 cases of lung injury, and the incidence rate was 13.3 % (6/45), bringing the better treatment outcome. The incidence of side effects such as hair loss, nausea and vomiting, liver and kidney damage, bone marrow suppression in the observation group was 71.1 % (32/45), which was higher than that in the control group [66.7 % (30/45)] and there was no significant difference (χ 2= 0.331, P＞ 0.05). All the patients were followed up. 1 yeas and 2 year survival rates in the observation group were 95.6 % (43/45) and 86.7 % (39/45) respectively, while the control group were respectively 75.6 % (34/45) and 64.4 % (29/45) (χ2values were 6.393 and 5.309, both P＜0.05). Conclusion Radical IMRT combined with concurrent chemotherapy for metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma can improve the therapeutic effect and show good safety, and the radiation damage would not affect the treatment process.
ABSTRACT
Objective To observe the expression of apoptosis and invasion genes in different tissues of laryngeal lesions,and to detect the content of proliferation related protein and proliferation inhibition gene.Methods In our hospital,the clinical diagnosis of laryngeal carcinoma,precancerous lesions and vocal polyps in 88 cases of laryngeal carcinoma,surgical excision of lesion specimens cut from the amount of Pro apoptotic genes and promote invasion and proliferation related protein,gene the content of tissue proliferation inhibition gene detection.Results The laryngeal carcinoma group of Pro apoptotic genes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 1 (NOX1) and large tumor suppressor gene 1 (LATS1) were all significantly lower than lesion group and polyp group (P ＜ 0.05).Laryngeal carcinoma invasion promoting gene tumour necrosis factor receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6),and cellular FADD-like interleukin1βconverting enzyme inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) content were significantly higher than that of laryngeal pre cancerous lesions and vocal polyps (P ＜ 0.05).The proliferation related protein Cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6) and E2F1 in laryngeal carcinoma were significantly lower than that in the lesion and polyp group,and cyclin D1 (CCND1),Bmi-1,and Livin contents were significantly higher than that in the lesion group and the polyp group (P ＜ 0.05).The levels of differentiated embryo-chondrocyte expressed gene 1 (DEC-1),IκB kinase 16(IKK16),large tumor suppressor gene 1 (LAST-1),receptor-interacting proteins-1-(RIP-1),and c-myc promoter binding protein-1 (MBP-1) in the tissue of laryngeal carcinoma were significantly lower than those in the lesion group and polyp group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The laryngeal carcinoma invasion promoting gene was higher than that in other tissues,inhibition of gene content was lower than that of other tissues proliferation related protein gene,apoptosis and proliferation,apoptosis and invasion of lesions in gene expression level,proliferation related protein and proliferation inhibition of gene content and laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma were related to laryngeal disease prevention significance of detection.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx.Methods A cohort of 152 laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) patients,40 premalignant lesions of the larynx,and 40 vocal fold polyp patients was evaluated for the expression of HPV16 E7 protein by immunohistochemistry (IHC).E7 protein expression was correlated with clinicopathological features and outcomes.Results The expression of E7 protein in vocal fold polyp was negative,and it's positive expression in precancerous lesions and laryngeaI carcinomas was 2.5％,and 32.9％,respectively.There were no other significant clinical or demographic differences between pl6-positive and-negative cases.There was no difference in overall survival (OS) between E7-positive and-negative patients with 5-year survival of 79％ and 66％ for p16 positive and negative patients,respectively (P =0.581).There was no statistically significant difference in failure-free survival (FFS) with 5-year FFS of 57.8％ and 42.3％ for p16 positive and negative patients,respectively (P =0.579).Conclusions E7 expression is infrequent in laryngeal carcinomas.There are no statistically significant correlations between E7 IHC status and OS or FFS.
ABSTRACT
Objective To observe the effect of piperine (PA) on experimental gallstone formation in the gallbladder of C57BL/6 mice. Methods 3 dietary groups of C57BL/6 with 10 mice each group were allocated as control (normal mice chow),lithogenic (1% cholesterol diet) and PA (1% cholesterol diet + PA 30 mg/kg body weight) group respectively for 4 weeks. The expression of Scp2 gene in liver tissue was measured by RT-PCR and the bile lipid contents was measured chemically,the cholesterol saturation index (CSI) was calculated by Carey’s method. Results Cholesterol crystals and stones were found in 10/10 and 9/10 gallbladders respectively in lithogenic group,but not found in control and PA groups. Comparing with the lithogenic group,the expression of Scp2 gene in liver tissue and CSI in the gallbladder bile were significantly decreased in PA group. Conclusions PA inhibit the experimental gallstone formation induced by high cholesterol feeding in C57BL/6 mice,with simultaneous decreasing of both the Scp2 gene expression in the liver tissue and the CSI value in the gallbladder bile. The further study of the preventive effect of gallstong formation of PA,whether or not related to the above results,is strongly suggested.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Central oxytocin (OT) may be a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator and play an important role in learning and memory, sexual behaviour, pain modulation and opiate tolerance and dependence. To research the interactions between oxytocinergic and opioidergic system in hippocampus has some significance.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of OT administered intracerebroventricularly on evoked discharge of left dorsal hippocampal CA1 neurons in rats and the possible interactions between oxytocinergic and opioidergic system.DESIGN: A randomised controlled study.SETTING: Department of Physiology of Guangdong Medical College; Department of Physiology and Pathology of Medical College of Wuhan University.MATERIALS: The study was conducted in the Physiology Department of Medical College of Wuhan University from September 2002 to September 2003. A total of 36 male Sprague-Dawley rats were selected and randomly divided into six groups: control (NS), OT groups (0.2 mg/L, 2 mg/L and 20 mg/L), [d (CH2)5-OVT]+OT (2 mg/L), naloxone+OT (2 mg/L), with 6 rats in each group.METHODS: Single-unit recording was performed with glass microelectrode. The glass microelectrode was inserted by a micromanipulator into hippocampal CA1. The electrical activity was amplified by a microelectrode amplifier and then recorded by the biological experimental system,monitored at the same time with oscilloscope. When recording the neural discharge, electrical stimulation of the sciatic nerves was performed once 5minutes through a double stainless electrode. 5 μL oxytocin in dosage of 0.2, 2 and 20 mg/L were injected slowly into lateral ventricle via microlitre syringe. [d(CH2)5-OVT]+OT (2 mg/L) group: 2.5 μL [d(CH2)5-OVT](80 mg/L) was injected into lateral ventricle and then 2.5 μL oxytocin (2 mg/L). Naloxone+OT (2 mg/L) group: 2.5 μL naloxone (400 mg/L) was injected into lateral ventricle and then 2.5 μL oxytocin (2 mg/L). According to frequency of discharge, effect of oxytocin at various dosages on discharge induced by neurons in hippocampal CA1 area and [d (CH2)5-OVT]and naloxone on oxytocin was assayed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Changes of discharge frequency after stimulation.RESULTS: Data of totally 36 rats were entered the final analysis. ① OT (0.2 mg/L, 2 mg/L and 20 mg/L) administered by intracerebroventricularly could decrease the evoked discharge of hippocampal CA1 neurons in a dose-dependent manner. ② The inhibitory effects of OT (2 mg/L) could be blocked by pretreated intracerebroventricularly injection of [d (CH2)5-OVT](80 mg/L, 2.5 μL). ③ Intracerebroventricular injection of naloxone (400 mg/L, 2.5 μL) could attenuate the effects of OT (2 mg/L) significantly.CONCLUSION: OT can inhibit the electrical activities of hippocampal CA1 neurons to external electrical signal through activating the oxytocin receptor. Moreover, central opioid receptor is involving in the inhibitory effects of OT.
