ABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the effects of nicotinamide (NAM) on blood glucose level and anti-oxidative enzyme activity in gestational diabetic (GDM) rats. Methods: GDM model was induced by injection of STZ (35 mg/kg) in pregnant female Sprague-Dawley rats. Nicotinamide was given to GDM rats by gavage at 50, 100 or 200 mg/kg q.d from gestational d 6 to d 20. The rats were divided into normal control group, GDM group (0 mg/kg), low-dose NAM group (50 mg/kg), middle-dose NAM group (100 mg/kg) and high-dose NAM group (200 mg/kg) with 8 animals in each group. When rats were sacrificed at d 21, the blood glucose level was measured; skeletal muscle and fetal brain samples were collected. The expression and activity of anti-oxidative enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD1, SOD2), catalase (CAT) and sirtuin-3 (SIRT3) were measured by RT-PCR and Western blot. Results: Nicotinamide significantly lowered the blood glucose in GDM rats and decreased mitochondrial superoxide level in the fetal cortical neurons. SOD2 was induced in skeletal muscle by nicotinamide in GDM rats (P<0.05), while no significant change was observed in the expression of CAT (P>0.05). Nicotinamide increased SIRT3 expression (P<0.05) and decreased deacetylation of SOD2 in skeletal muscle of GDM rats (P<0.05). Conclusion: Nicotinamide can lower the blood glucose level in GDM rats, and decrease mitochondrial superoxide level, which is associated with promoting SIRT3 activity to deacetylate SOD2 and elevate SOD2 activity in GDM rats.
Subject(s)
Blood Glucose , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental , Diabetes, Gestational , Niacinamide , Superoxides , Animals , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy , Diabetes, Gestational/drug therapy , Female , Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects , Neurons/drug effects , Niacinamide/pharmacology , Oxidoreductases/genetics , Oxidoreductases/metabolism , Pregnancy , Rats , Rats, Sprague-DawleyABSTRACT
Percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty (PTRA) was performed in 26 patients with aortoarteritis, including unilateral renal artery stenosis in ten patients, bilateral renal artery stenosis in 16 patients. The total of 37 stenotic artery were performed by PTRA. Among them, 30 stenosis (81.1 per cent) were technically successful, three stenosis (8.1 per cent) were technically improved, and four stenosis were resistant to dilatation. The blood pressure responses were observed after PTRA, including cured in 17 patients (65.4 per cent), improved in five patients (19.2 per cent), failed in four patients (15.4 per cent). Sixteen patients after successful angioplasty were followed-up from 6 months to 15 years (average 5.4 years). The blood pressure was still normal in 12 patients (75 per cent). The blood pressure gradually increased may be due to restenosis in four patients (25 per cent).
