ABSTRACT
Clinical successful application of dentine adhesives depends not only on material-related but also on operator-related factors. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dentine bonding effectiveness of a self-etch composite cement applied by operators with or without clinical experience under well-standardized, randomized and blind conditions. Forty-eight bovine dentine surfaces were randomly divided into two groups. The first group consisted of eight dental students with no clinical experience at all, and the second group consisted of eight dentists with extensive experience in adhesive dentistry (mean experience of 11.4 years). Next, a 4-mm-diameter stainless steel rod (SUS-304) was bonded to the dentine surface using Panavia Fluoro cement (Kuraray Medical Inc., Tokyo, Japan). After application procedures, the specimens were randomized and shear bond-strength measurements were performed by a single blinded operator. Mann-Whitney U test was used to determine statistical differences in bond strength between the two groups, and Kruskal-Wallis was used to determine statistical difference between the student and dentist groups. The means and standard deviations of bond strength were 11.5 +/- 8.1 MPa for the student group and 7.1 +/- 4.3 MPa for the dentist group, respectively. The bond strength of the student group was significantly higher than that of the dentist group. However, the variability in bond strength was significantly higher in the student group, and some specimens failed prior to actual testing (included as 0 MPa). Clinical experience did not have a positive effect on the bonding effectiveness of the self-etch composite cement to dentine.
Subject(s)
Clinical Competence/standards , Dentin-Bonding Agents/chemistry , Dentists , Resin Cements/chemistry , Self-Curing of Dental Resins/standards , Students, Dental , Animals , Cattle , Dental Alloys/chemistry , Dentin/ultrastructure , Humans , Methacrylates/chemistry , Self-Curing of Dental Resins/methods , Shear Strength , Single-Blind Method , Stainless Steel/chemistry , Stress, Mechanical , Temperature , Time Factors , Water/chemistryABSTRACT
[reaction: see text]Efficient synthesis of a sphingomyelin methylene analogue, which was designed as a sphingomyelinase inhibitor, was stereoselectively achieved. The Hofmann rearrangement of the alpha-hydroxyethyl-beta-hydroxy amide 4 followed by the intramolecular oxazolidinone ring formation was one of the key steps.
