Hábitos alimentarios asociados a la emergencia sanitaria Covid-19 en adultos chilenos / Eating habits associated with the Covid-19 health emergency in Chilean adults

Introducción. El brote de COVID-19 generó cambios significativos en los hábitos alimentarios asociados a las medidas de confinamiento y distanciamiento social. Objetivo. Evaluar los hábitos alimentarios asociados a la emergencia sanitaria COVID-19 en adultos chilenos durante el año 2020. Materiales y Métodos. Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal en adultos chilenos seleccionados mediante muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia. Se utilizó una encuesta validada por juicio de expertos, que incluyó preguntas sobre características sociodemográficas, ingesta habitual de alimentos y percepción de cambios de hábitos alimentarios durante el confinamiento. Resultados. Participaron 4.346 adultos chilenos con una edad promedio de 35,8 ± 13,9 años, predominantemente residentes urbanos (94,3%) y mujeres (75,1%). Se observó un aumento en el abastecimiento de alimentos en los hogares durante el confinamiento. La mayoría de los participantes manifestó que mantuvo o aumentó el consumo de verduras, frutas, lácteos, pescado y legumbres. Sin embargo, la ingesta de alimentos saludables no alcanzó las recomendaciones nutricionales establecidas. Adicionalmente, se encontró un aumento en el consumo de dulces. Conclusiones. Este estudio revela los efectos del confinamiento por la pandemia de COVID-19 en los hábitos alimentarios de los adultos chilenos, donde un porcentaje considerable de la población no cumplió con las recomendaciones de una dieta equilibrada según las guías alimentarias chilenas. El aumento en el consumo de algunos alimentos poco saludables puede tener implicaciones en la salud y el estado nutricional. Es necesario fomentar una alimentación equilibrada durante situaciones de crisis como esta pandemia(AU)

Introduction. The COVID-19 outbreak has led to significant changes in dietary habits due to confinement and social distancing measures. Objective. To assess the dietary habits associated with the COVID-19 health emergency among Chilean adults during the year 2020. Materials and methods. An observational, descriptive, and cross- sectional study was conducted on Chilean adults selected through non-probabilistic convenience sampling. A survey validated by expert judgment was used, including questions on sociodemographic characteristics, usual food intake, and perceived changes in dietary habits during confinement. Results. A total of 4,346 Chilean adults participated in the study, with an average age of 35.8 ± 13.9 years, predominantly urban residents (94.3%), and female (75.1%). An increase in household food supplies during confinement was observed. Most participants reported maintaining or increasing their consumption of vegetables, fruits, dairy, fish, and legumes. However, the intake of healthy foods did not meet the established nutritional recommendations. Additionally, there was an increase in the consumption of sweets. Conclusions. This study reveals the effects of COVID-19 confinement on the dietary habits of Chilean adults, where a considerable percentage of the population did not comply with the recommended balanced diet according to Chilean dietary guidelines. The increased consumption of some unhealthy foods may have implications for health and nutritional status. It is essential to promote balanced eating during crisis situations like this pandemic(AU)

Estado nutricional y composición corporal de cantantes líricos chilenos en relación con la tesitura de la voz / Nutritional Status and Body Composition in Chilean Lyrical Singers in Relation to Voice Tessitura

Resumen Antecedentes: algunos estudios sugieren que el estado nutricional y la composición corporal pueden afectar la voz. Objetivo: comparar el estado nutricional y la composición corporal de cantantes líricos con la tesitura de la voz. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio transversal y descriptivo en cantantes líricos sanos de ambos sexos de la ciudad de Concepción, Chile. Los cantantes se clasificaron en soprano, mezzosoprano y contralto (mujeres), y en tenor, barítono y bajo (hombres). Se determinó el IMC y la circunferencia de cintura y se realizó una evaluación de la composición corporal: masa grasa, masa muscular, masa ósea, piel y masa residual. Resultados: el 73,5 % de los cantantes presentó exceso de peso, mientras que el 47 % mostró obesidad abdominal. Las cantantes con voz más grave (contraltos) mostraron valores mayores de circunferencia de cintura y grasa corporal que las sopranos y mezzosopranos. Entre los hombres, no se encontraron diferencias en el estado nutricional o la composición corporal asociadas a la tesitura de la voz. Conclusión: los datos muestran una posible relación entre el estado nutricional y la composición corporal con la tesitura de voz en las cantantes, relación que podría ser evaluada en futuros estudios.

Abstract Background: Some studies suggest that nutritional status and body composition can affect the voice. Objective: Compare nutritional status and body composition of lyrical singers with the tessitura of their voices. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional and descriptive study was carried out in healthy lyrical singers of both sexes from the city of Concepción, Chile. The signers classified themselves as soprano, mezzo-soprano and alto (women), and tenor, baritone, and bass (men). BMI and waist circumference were determined in an evaluation of body composition, along with fat mass, muscle mass, bone mass, skin and residual mass. Results: 73.5 % of the singers were overweight, while 47 % showed abdominal obesity. Female singers with a deeper voice (alto) showed higher waist circumference and body fat values than sopranos and mezzo-sopranos. Among men, no differences were found in nutritional status or body composition associated with voice tessitura. Conclusion: Data show a possible relationship between nutritional status, body composition, and tessitura in lyrical singers. This is a relationship that warrants examination in future studies.

Dietary intake, body composition, and physical activity among young patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess dietary intake, nutritional status, body composition, and physical activity level in a group of Chilean children and adolescents with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), compare these parameters with the recommendations of the International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD), and determine the relationships between dietary intake, body composition, and diabetes control. METHODS: A total of 30 patients with T1DM (aged 15.2±4.0 years) were included. Dietary intake was assessed using a 92-item quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Body composition was determined using dual-energy X-ray densitometry. Physical activity was assessed by means of a survey. RESULTS: The energy intake of these patients was derived from 21.4% protein, 48% carbohydrates, and 31.2% fat. The glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was significantly correlated with fat as grams per day (r: 0.363, p<0.05) and calories per day (r: 0.364, p<0.05). The mean body fat percentage in females was 31.2% and 20.2% in males (p < 0.01) and the mean amount of physical activity was 4.5±2.7 h per week. CONCLUSIONS: The study patients had a higher protein intake than recommended by ISPAD. Dietary carbohydrate intake was rather low, and dietary fat intake was the same as the limits recommended by ISPAD. Diabetic control was significantly correlated with protein, carbohydrates, fat, and sodium intake. The girls in the study had a higher percentage of body fat than the standard recommendations for their age. The level of physical activity was adequate.