ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of feeding pigs with inulin and/or benzoic acid on post-weaning diarrhoea (PWD), indices of fermentation in the gastrointestinal tract, and production in pigs experimentally infected with an enterotoxigenic strain of Escherichia coli (ETEC). Forty-eight entire male pigs (Large White×Landrace) aged 21 ± 3 days of age and weighing 4.97 ± 0.08 kg (mean ± SE) were used in a 2×2 factorial experiment, with the respective factors being inulin (0 versus 8%) and benzoic acid (0 vs. 0.5%). Feeding inulin-supplemented diets improved (p = 0.022) the faecal consistency (FC) and reduced (p = 0.001) the incidence of PWD; however, the use of benzoic acid had no effects on PWD or faecal ETEC shedding. Wet faeces (a higher FC score) were associated with increased faecal ETEC shedding (R(2) = 0.394, p = 0.001). Inulin reduced the total concentrations of short chain fatty acids (p = 0.029) in the proximal colon. The total concentration of lactic acid was increased by inulin in the caecum (p = 0.007) and proximal colon (p = 0.002). Feeding inulin or benzoic acid had no effects on production after weaning.
Subject(s)
Benzoic Acid , Diarrhea/veterinary , Dietary Supplements , Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli/physiology , Escherichia coli Infections/veterinary , Inulin , Swine Diseases/therapy , Animal Feed/analysis , Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena , Animals , Benzoic Acid/administration & dosage , Diarrhea/epidemiology , Diarrhea/microbiology , Diarrhea/therapy , Diet/veterinary , Dietary Supplements/analysis , Escherichia coli Infections/drug therapy , Escherichia coli Infections/epidemiology , Escherichia coli Infections/microbiology , Fermentation , Gastrointestinal Tract/metabolism , Gastrointestinal Tract/pathology , Incidence , Inulin/administration & dosage , Male , Swine/physiology , Swine Diseases/epidemiology , Swine Diseases/microbiology , WeaningABSTRACT
A correlation between the incidence of breast cancer and an observed change in the X-ray diffraction pattern of hair from the afflicted individuals was first reported in 1999. Since that time, over 500 hair samples have been analyzed in double-blinded breast cancer studies with no false negatives being detected. To correlate this observed change with the presence of breast cancer, we examined whiskers removed from nude mice prior to and 8 weeks after subcutaneous implantation of a human breast cancer cell line. Here we show that the change observed in human hair was also evident in whiskers and that it appeared soon after cancer cell implantation.
