Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 11 de 11
Filter
1.
Biol Psychol ; 125: 91-104, 2017 04.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28274660

ABSTRACT

Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) symptoms demonstrate a marked persistence over time, but little is known empirically about short-term processes that may account for this long-term persistence. In this study, we examined how self-reported and physiological stress reactivity were associated with persistence of SAD symptoms from early to late adolescence. A community sample of 327 adolescents (56% boys, Mage=13.01 at T1) reported their SAD symptoms for 6 successive years and participated in a public speaking task, during which self-reported (i.e., perceived nervousness and heart rate) and physiological (i.e., cortisol and heart rate) measures of stress were taken. Overall, our results point to a developmental process in which adolescents with a developmental history of higher SAD symptoms show both heightened perceived stress reactivity and heart rate reactivity, which, in turn, predict higher SAD symptoms into late adolescence.


Subject(s)
Anxiety/physiopathology , Stress, Physiological/physiology , Adolescent , Anxiety/psychology , Female , Heart Rate/physiology , Humans , Hydrocortisone/analysis , Longitudinal Studies , Male , Self Report
2.
J Youth Adolesc ; 45(10): 2049-63, 2016 10.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27230118

ABSTRACT

Adolescence is a critical period for the development of depressive symptoms. Lower quality of the parent-adolescent relationship has been consistently associated with higher adolescent depressive symptoms, but discrepancies in perceptions of parents and adolescents regarding the quality of their relationship may be particularly important to consider. In the present study, we therefore examined how discrepancies in parents' and adolescents' perceptions of the parent-adolescent relationship were associated with early adolescent depressive symptoms, both concurrently and longitudinally over a 1-year period. Our sample consisted of 497 Dutch adolescents (57 % boys, M age = 13.03 years), residing in the western and central regions of the Netherlands, and their mothers and fathers, who all completed several questionnaires on two occasions with a 1-year interval. Adolescents reported on depressive symptoms and all informants reported on levels of negative interaction in the parent-adolescent relationship. Results from polynomial regression analyses including interaction terms between informants' perceptions, which have recently been proposed as more valid tests of hypotheses involving informant discrepancies than difference scores, suggested the highest adolescent depressive symptoms when both the mother and the adolescent reported high negative interaction, and when the adolescent reported high but the father reported low negative interaction. This pattern of findings underscores the need for a more sophisticated methodology such as polynomial regression analysis including tests of moderation, rather than the use of difference scores, which can adequately address both congruence and discrepancies in perceptions of adolescents and mothers/fathers of the parent-adolescent relationship in detail. Such an analysis can contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of risk factors for early adolescent depressive symptoms.


Subject(s)
Attitude , Depression/diagnosis , Depression/psychology , Parent-Child Relations , Psychology, Adolescent , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Female , Humans , Longitudinal Studies , Male , Models, Statistical , Netherlands , Regression Analysis , Risk Factors , Surveys and Questionnaires
3.
Tijdschr Psychiatr ; 51(1): 21-30, 2009.
Article in Dutch | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19194843

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The relatively recent adoption of modern statistical analysis methods, such as latent growth modelling (lgm), makes it possible to study differences in the individual trajectories of development over time. AIM: To examine prospectively the developmental trajectories of anxiety disorder symptoms in a large sample of adolescents (N = 1,318) from the general population over a period of five years. METHOD: The adolescents were divided into two cohorts: early adolescents (average age 12 at the first measurement) and middle adolescents (average age 16 at the first measurement). Age and gender differences in the developmental trajectories of adolescent anxiety disorder symptoms over time were examined by means of lgm. results Over the course of five years there was a slight decrease in panic disorder, school anxiety and separation anxiety disorder symptoms for all adolescents, with the exception of social phobia symptoms, which remained fairly stable over time. Adolescent girls showed a slight increase in generalised anxiety disorder symptoms over time, whereas these symptoms decreased among adolescent boys. CONCLUSION: The use of individual trajectory-based analyses, enabled us to study advance our understanding of age and gender differences in the development of adolescent anxiety symptoms.


Subject(s)
Adolescent Psychiatry , Anxiety Disorders/epidemiology , Anxiety, Separation/epidemiology , Panic Disorder/epidemiology , Phobic Disorders/epidemiology , Adolescent , Anxiety Disorders/diagnosis , Anxiety Disorders/psychology , Anxiety, Separation/diagnosis , Anxiety, Separation/psychology , Child , Female , Health Surveys , Humans , Longitudinal Studies , Male , Netherlands/epidemiology , Panic Disorder/diagnosis , Panic Disorder/psychology , Phobic Disorders/diagnosis , Phobic Disorders/psychology , Prospective Studies
4.
Acta Psychiatr Scand ; 117(4): 260-70, 2008 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18307586

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To establish whether the combination of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and pharmacotherapy (SSRI) was more effective in treating panic disorder (PD) than either CBT or SSRI alone, and to evaluate any differential effects between the mono-treatments. METHOD: Patients with PD (n = 150) with or without agoraphobia received CBT, SSRI or CBT + SSRI. Outcome was assessed after 9 months, before medication taper. RESULTS: CBT + SSRI was clearly superior to CBT in both completer and intent-to-treat analysis (ITT). Completer analysis revealed superiority of CBT + SSRI over SSRI on three measures and no differences between CBT and SSRI. ITT analysis revealed superiority of SSRI over CBT on four measures and no differences between CBT + SSRI and SSRI. CONCLUSION: Both the mono-treatments (CBT and SSRI) and the combined treatment (CBT + SSRI) proved to be effective treatments for PD. At post-test, CBT + SSRI was clearly superior to CBT, but differences between CBT + SSRI and SSRI, and between SSRI and CBT, were small.


Subject(s)
Agoraphobia/therapy , Cognitive Behavioral Therapy/methods , Panic Disorder/therapy , Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Adolescent , Adult , Agoraphobia/drug therapy , Anxiety Disorders/diagnosis , Anxiety Disorders/therapy , Combined Modality Therapy , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Panic Disorder/diagnosis , Panic Disorder/drug therapy , Severity of Illness Index , Surveys and Questionnaires , Treatment Outcome
5.
J Affect Disord ; 64(2-3): 285-9, 2001 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11313097

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Social support is associated with depression outcome and is effected by observable behaviors that express involvement. METHODS: Eleven remitted depressed patients were studied during a social interaction with their partner and a similar interaction with a stranger, matched on the sex and age of the partner. RESULTS: The patient-partner interaction displayed lower levels of involvement as compared to the patient-stranger interaction despite successful treatment for depression. CONCLUSION: It is suggested that the findings are reflective of the continuing depressogenic process. LIMITATIONS: A healthy control group for the patient-partner group was not employed. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Behavioral interactions between patients and partners may require as much attention during treatment as depressive symptomology alone.


Subject(s)
Adaptation, Psychological , Depressive Disorder, Major/therapy , Interpersonal Relations , Social Support , Adult , Aged , Depressive Disorder, Major/diagnosis , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Random Allocation , Surveys and Questionnaires
6.
Psychiatry Res ; 80(3): 265-74, 1998 Sep 21.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9796942

ABSTRACT

In research it has been demonstrated that cognitive and interpersonal processes play significant roles in depression development and persistence. The judgment of emotions displayed in facial expressions by depressed patients allows for a better understanding of these processes. In this study, 48 major depression outpatients and healthy control subjects, matched on the gender of the patients, judged facial expressions as to the emotions the expressions displayed. These judgments were conducted at the patients' outpatient admission (T1). The depression severity of the patients was measured at T1, 13 weeks later (T2) and at a 6-month follow-up (T3). It was found that the judgment of negative emotions in the facial expressions was related to both the depression severity at T1 and depression persistence (T2 and T3), whereas the judgment of positive emotions was not related to the patients' depression. The judgment of the emotion of sadness was the best predictor of the patients' depression persistence. Additionally, it was found that the patients judged significantly more sadness in the facial expressions than the control subjects. These findings are related to previous data of facial expression judgments of depressed patients and future research directions are discussed.


Subject(s)
Depressive Disorder/diagnosis , Facial Expression , Adult , Aged , Cognition/physiology , Depressive Disorder/psychology , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Predictive Value of Tests , Severity of Illness Index
7.
J Affect Disord ; 47(1-3): 63-70, 1998 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9476745

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Research has shown that cognitive and interpersonal processes play significant roles in depression development and maintenance. Depressed patients judgments of emotions displayed in facial expressions, as well as those of their partners, allow for better understanding of these processes. METHODS: In this study, twenty major depression outpatients, their partners and control persons (matched on the sex and age of the partner) judged facial expressions as to the emotions they felt were portrayed, at the patients outpatient admission. It was expected that the patients would judge the facial expression more negatively and less positively than their partners and that the partners would judge more negatively and less positively than the controls. RESULTS: It was found that while both the patients and partners judged less positive emotions than the controls, the patients and partners did not judge the expressions differently. A trend in the same direction was found between the three groups as to judgment of negative emotions. CONCLUSION: These findings are related back to interpersonal and cognitive theories of depression. LIMITATION: A limitation of this study was the somewhat small patient population available for study. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This study helps to shed light on the similarity between interpersonal and cognitive processes of depressed patients and their partners.


Subject(s)
Depressive Disorder/diagnosis , Emotions , Facial Expression , Interpersonal Relations , Judgment , Spouses/psychology , Adult , Ambulatory Care , Cognition , Depressive Disorder/psychology , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Severity of Illness Index , Social Perception
8.
J Affect Disord ; 44(2-3): 111-22, 1997 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9241571

ABSTRACT

Excessive support seeking and lack of receiving social support have been associated with depression onset and unfavorable course of depression. It has been assumed that social support is effected by observable behaviors that express involvement. Twenty-five patients with major depression were studied during a social interaction with their partner and a similar interaction, with a stranger, matched on the sex and age of the partner. We anticipated that (1) partners would display less involvement behaviors to the depressed patients than would strangers and that (2) lack of involvement would predict an unfavorable course of depression, as assessed for depression remission within 6 months of admission. The social interactions, conducted at admission, were videotaped and the behaviors were assessed by ethological methods. The frequency and duration of behavioral elements were associated on the basis of statistical criteria into behavioral factors. Certain factors were supposed to express (lack of) involvement during an interaction. In the patient-partner interaction it was found that both participants displayed lower levels of involvement as compared to the patient-stranger interaction. The patients' low involvement was reflected by less Speech, less Eagerness (yes-nodding and no-shaking), less Speaking Effort (head movements, looking and gesturing during speech) and more Active Listening (intense touching of one's own body and head movements during listening). The partners' low involvement was also expressed by less Speech and more Active Listening, together with less Encouragement (yes-nodding and 'um-hum'-ing during listening). In addition, the partners displayed less Speech to patients who did not remit within 6 months, whereas patients and strangers behaviors were not related to depression remission. These findings supported our anticipations and the findings are related back to data on social support, involvement and to previous human ethological studies on depression.


Subject(s)
Depressive Disorder/psychology , Interpersonal Relations , Nonverbal Communication , Social Support , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prognosis , Prospective Studies , Verbal Behavior
9.
Br J Psychiatry ; 170: 520-5, 1997 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9330017

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The Level of Expressed Emotion scale (LEE) is a questionnaire designed to measure the perception of expressed emotion, an important predictor of the course of several psychiatric disorders. METHOD: In this study, the scale's predictive and construct validity were examined in a sample of 26 clinically depressed out-patients and their partners, and in a sample of 40 couples from the general community. RESULTS: In the sample of depressed out-patients, the LEE was predictive of depression improvement at six-month follow-up. With regard to the construct validity, results in both samples showed quite strong relationships between the LEE and depressive symptomatology, relational dissatisfaction, and coping styles. CONCLUSIONS: The LEE may be a useful tool in the study of interpersonal processes and depression, both in clinical and research settings.


Subject(s)
Depressive Disorder/psychology , Expressed Emotion , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales/standards , Adaptation, Psychological , Adult , Behavior , Female , Humans , Interpersonal Relations , Male , Patient Satisfaction , Predictive Value of Tests , Sensitivity and Specificity
10.
Psychiatry Res ; 70(1): 57-64, 1997 Apr 18.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9172277

ABSTRACT

Within the framework of interactional theories on depression, the question is raised whether depression relapse can be predicted by observable behavior of remitted patients and their interviewer during an interaction (i.e. discharge interview). Thirty-four patients were interviewed at hospital discharge and at a follow-up, 6 months later. Eight patients (23.5%) had relapsed at follow-up. Various behaviors of patients and interviewers were observed during an interview by ethological methods. One of the six patient behavioral factors, and none of the seven interviewer factors were related to relapse. Depression relapse patients displayed significantly less Active Listening (intense body touching and head movements during listening) during the interview at hospital discharge than those with stable remission. Results on Active Listening could not be explained by the degree of retardation (HRSD) and underlined the significance of interpersonal mechanisms in the onset and maintenance of depression.


Subject(s)
Depression/psychology , Nonverbal Communication , Patient Discharge , Personality , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Predictive Value of Tests , Recurrence
11.
J Clin Psychol ; 49(6): 773-6, 1993 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8300865

ABSTRACT

This study examined the relation between WAIS and Wilson predictor of premorbid intelligence scores of 27 depressed and 34 nondepressed psychiatric patients. No significant difference was found between the WAIS and Wilson predictor of premorbid intelligence scores nor between the Verbal and Performance IQs.


Subject(s)
Depressive Disorder/psychology , Intelligence , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Depressive Disorder/diagnosis , Educational Status , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Wechsler Scales
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL
...