ABSTRACT
His contemporaries described Hermann Rohleder, a physician from Leipzig, as a pioneer of sexual medicine. His career led him from treating patients with venereal diseases to urology and sexology. Rohleder worked for the institutionalization of sexology in Germany, but his attempts to establish a professorship at the University of Leipzig remained unsuccessful. Rohleder's life and work illustrate how closely the disciplines of urology and sexology were connected in the early 20th century.
Subject(s)
Sexology/history , Urology/history , Venereology/history , Germany , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Humans , Male , Sexual Behavior , UrologistsABSTRACT
Pandemics are relevant for many fields of medicine from microbiology to economics and epidemiology. Many medical specialties which developed during the 19th century, e.â¯g., urology, have had much impact on diagnostics and therapy, such as during the treatment of tuberculosis and sexually transmitted diseases. For some of them, including urology, treatment of, for example, sexually transmitted diseases, was constitutional and differed between countries.
Subject(s)
Epidemics/history , Tuberculosis, Urogenital/history , Urology/history , Germany , History of Medicine , History, 18th Century , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Humans , Pandemics , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/epidemiology , Tuberculosis, Urogenital/epidemiology , Tuberculosis, Urogenital/therapyABSTRACT
The significance of electricity for medicine in the modern industrial age should not be underestimated. Particularly in connection with neurasthenia, electrotherapeutic approaches also experienced a boom for domestic use. Thus, electrotherapy reached urology just as it was becoming established as a medical specialty. We analyzed urological manuals and textbooks and objects in the W. P. Didusch Center for Urologic History and the Museum zur Geschichte der Urologie in Berlin to present the wide range of indications for electrotherapy in the emerging field of urology from impotence to urethral strictures and try to highlight the variability of their importance over time.
Subject(s)
Electric Stimulation Therapy , Neurasthenia/history , Urology/history , Berlin , Electric Stimulation Therapy/trends , Electricity , History, 20th Century , Humans , Male , Museums , Neurasthenia/therapy , Urology/trendsABSTRACT
In the early 1950s, the German poet and physician Gottfried Benn was repeatedly nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature. Drawing on sources from the archive of the Swedish Academy in Stockholm, this essay discusses how Benn was portrayed as a Nobel nominee. His sponsors highlighted not only why he was a remarkable author, but also his national socialist links during the 1930s. The study is part of a new interdisciplinary project that analyses nominations and committee reports for physician and natural scientist candidates for the Nobel Prize in Literature from 1901 to 1970.
Subject(s)
Medicine , National Socialism , Nobel Prize , History, 20th Century , PyrimidinesABSTRACT
In this contribution we describe the life and work of the Berlin physician Carl Posner (1854-1928). We present his central role as a member of the founding generation of urology, andrology, and academic sexology in Germany. His clinical work, research and publication illustrate the central role these new disciplines played in the urological field. Finally, we describe how Posner is remembered in the history of urology and sexology.
Subject(s)
Andrology/history , Sexology/history , Urology/history , Germany , History, 19th Century , History, 20th CenturyABSTRACT
Drawing on contemporary publications in German and Swedish/Scandinavian journals and biographies as well as conference proceedings of the German Society of Urology (DGU), this paper examines the Swedish impressions of the 1929 DGU meeting in Munich. It focusses on why the Swedish delegates visited the congress and how they evaluated their congress experiences for their Scandinavian peers. Finally, the article shows to what extent a knowledge transfer from the DGU Congress to Sweden took place.
Subject(s)
Congresses as Topic , Societies, Medical , Urology , Germany , Humans , SwedenABSTRACT
Our research group has reconstructed why the board certified urologists Werner Forssmann (1904-1979) and Charles Huggins (1901-1997) received the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine (1956, and 1966, respectively). But the history of "Urology and the Nobel Prize" is in fact more multifaceted than the success stories of these two laureates suggest. James Israel (1848-1926), Berlin, Félix Guyon (1831-1920), Paris, Peter J. Freyer (1852-1921), London and Edwin Beer (1876-1938), New York were nominated for the award during the first three decades of the 20th century. Their candidacies mirror trends among leading urologists during the time when urology became a specialty in its own right.
Subject(s)
Congresses as Topic/history , Nobel Prize , Urology/history , Berlin , Germany , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Humans , London , Paris , United StatesABSTRACT
The canon of material and immaterial references of the urological heritage must always be recognized as a part of a continous process of negotiation. Within German Urology the culture of remembrance on Maximilian Nitze reveals one of such processes.
Subject(s)
Academic Medical Centers/history , Cystoscopes/history , Faculty/history , Kidney Diseases/history , Nephrology/history , Urology/history , Germany , History, 19th Century , History, 20th CenturyABSTRACT
An academic medical library expanded its iPad loan service to multiple campus libraries and conducted an assessment of the service. iPads loaded with medical and educational apps were loaned for two-week checkouts from five library campus locations. Device circulation statistics were tracked and users were invited to complete an online survey about their experience. Data were gathered and analyzed for 11 months. The assessment informed the library on how best to adapt the service, including what resources to add to the iPads, and the decision to move devices to campuses with more frequent usage.
Subject(s)
Access to Information , Computers, Handheld/supply & distribution , Libraries, Medical , Universities , Mobile Applications , Organizational Case Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , TexasABSTRACT
The use of eponyms in scientific terminology and particularly in medical terminology has a long tradition but discussion often arises especially since the involvement of the protagonists in the National Socialist regime which led to strong controversies (e. g. Clara, Stieve, Reiter, Wegener). They are a component of cultural specialist memories and contribute to the conciseness of the nomenclature. For the specialization of urology a total list of eponyms in general use or an analysis of the use of eponyms does not exist. The eponym Tyson's glands is a good example of the tradition of eponyms in urology and the discussion about the related anatomical facts.
Subject(s)
Dermatology/history , Eponyms , Penis , Sebaceous Glands , Urology/history , History, 18th Century , Humans , Male , United KingdomABSTRACT
The surgeon and urologist Werner Forßmann (1904-1979) was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1956. At the time of the prize ceremony, several newspapers portrayed Forssmann as an unknown rural physician who suddenly had become an international star. Drawing on nominations and reports in the Nobel Prize Archive for Physiology or Medicine in Stockholm as well as correspondence from the private archive of the Forßmann family, this paper reconstructs why the Nobel Committee chose to award Forßmann. We show that Forssmann's work was appreciated in medical textbooks and that he enjoyed a relatively sound reputation in the international scientific community even before he became a Nobel Prize laureate. At a more general level, we use his example to explore some mechanisms of scientific recognition.
Subject(s)
Cardiac Catheterization/history , Cardiology/history , Nobel Prize , Physiology/history , Radiography, Interventional/history , Urology/history , Germany , History, 20th CenturyABSTRACT
History is nowadays used as an economic factor. The past is therefore specifically targeted and cultivated, which for specialist scientific associations and societies often fullfils totally different functions in comparison to the open market, although the techniques and requirements are similar. Within medical specialties these facts are often still unknown. Museums and archives as well as the historians and curators working in them are very familiar with the special cultures of communication within these scientific communities and they play a major role in the establishment and development of history as a modern part of public relations and public identity.
Subject(s)
Communication , History of Medicine , Marketing of Health Services/organization & administration , Public Opinion , Public Relations , Societies, Scientific/organization & administration , Urology/history , Germany , History, 20th Century , History, 21st CenturyABSTRACT
The foundation of university departments of urology in postwar East and West Germany faced some opposition by some university professors of surgery who wanted to preserve the unity of their discipline. In North Rhine-Westphalia, heads of municipal hospitals or senior members of university hospitals' staff often received the first chaired professorships of urology.
Subject(s)
Academic Medical Centers/history , Models, Organizational , Urology Department, Hospital/history , Urology/history , Germany , Germany, East , Germany, West , History, 20th CenturyABSTRACT
This paper analyzes the importance of the German language and German culture and institutional development of urology in Japan in the early 20th century, starting from the development of the medical school for Japanese in Germany and their function in the process of modernization of the Meiji period (1868-1912). Examples of bi-directional German-Japanese relations in medicine, which also included an integrated knowledge transfer, are shown. The study is based mainly on Japanese and German sources about Japanese physicians in Germany as well as contemporary publications in German and international medical journals. Methodologically, the article combines quantitative analysis with individual biographical aspects.
Subject(s)
Interinstitutional Relations , International Cooperation/history , Science/history , Urology/history , Germany , History, 20th Century , JapanABSTRACT
Scientific meetings are a major part of policy in science and within the scientific community and furthermore they have a major influence on medical and lay communities. Prominent examples for this are the presidential networks and the opening speeches in which the function of science within the society is presented in a special manner. The last joint meeting of the German Society for Urology (DGU) in East and West Germany was instrumentalized by the rivalry of the two systems during the Cold War but was also a brilliant presentation of the newly established German Urology after World War II and its scientific force.
Subject(s)
Congresses as Topic/history , Urology/history , Berlin , Germany , Germany, East , Germany, West , History, 20th CenturyABSTRACT
This article outlines the handling by the German Society of Urology (DGU) of its own history between 1945 and 1961. Topics include the re-formation of the society in 1949, the official disbandment of the pre-war society in 1955, the handling of the history of the Nazi era professional society and the close connections between East and West German urologists. Finally, the establishment of an institutional interpretation of history will be examined.
Subject(s)
National Socialism/history , Societies, Medical/history , Urology/history , Germany , Germany, East , Germany, West , History, 20th CenturyABSTRACT
Within recent years brachytherapy of the prostate has become a treatment of choice. The treatment can be dated back up to the beginning of the twentieth century. It is interesting that the urological routes have never been explored directly by authors of articles and textbooks in the field of radiology and radiooncology.
Subject(s)
Brachytherapy/history , Medical Oncology/history , Prostatic Neoplasms/history , Prostatic Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Urology/history , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
Notch-stimulated signaling cascade results in transcriptional regulation of genes involved in cell fate decision, apoptosis and proliferation and has been implicated in various malignancies. Here, we investigated the impact of MRK003, an inhibitor of this pathway, on myeloma and lymphoma cells. We first studied the expression patterns of notch receptors and ligands on multiple myeloma (MM) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) cell lines. Next, we used a γ-secretase inhibitor, MRK003 to test the importance of notch-stimulated pathways in MM and NHL disease biology. We observed expression of notch receptors and ligands on MM and NHL cell lines. MRK003 treatment induced caspase-dependent apoptosis and inhibited proliferation of MM and NHL cell lines and patient cells. Examination of signaling events after treatment showed time-dependent decrease in levels of the notch intracellular domain, Hes1 and c-Myc. MRK003 downregulated cyclin D1, Bcl-Xl and Xiap levels in NHL cells and p21, Bcl-2 and Bcl-Xl in MM cells. In addition, MRK003 caused an upregulation of pAkt, indicating crosstalk with the PI3K/Akt pathway. We evaluated MRK003 in combination with Akt1/2 kinase inhibitor and observed synergy in killing MM and NHL cell lines examined.
