ABSTRACT
In this report, we share the case of a 65-year-old male with a remote history of brain concussion who presented to the emergency department for evaluation of transient amnesia that lasted 30 minutes to one hour. He was found to have spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage of the fornix as a cause of his amnesic episode. To date from the creation of this case report (January 2023), spontaneous hemorrhage of the fornix resulting in transient amnesia has not been previously described in the literature. The fornix is an unusual location for spontaneous hemorrhage to occur. The differential diagnosis of transient amnesia is broad and includes, but is not limited to, transient global amnesia, traumatic injury, hippocampal infraction, and various metabolic derangements. Determination of the etiology of transient amnesia can result in changes in treatment decisions. Because of this unique patient presentation, we propose that spontaneous hemorrhage of the fornix should be considered in patients who present with transient amnesia.
ABSTRACT
Introduction. Obstetric brachial plexus injury (OBPI) occurs during the process of labor and childbirth. OBPI has been reported to be associated with shoulder dystocia, macrosomia, and breech delivery. Its occurrence in uncomplicated delivery is possible as well. Case Presentation. The patient in the present report is a 6.5-year-old girl, who suffered a severe brachial plexus injury at birth and had many reconstructive surgical procedures at an outside brachial plexus center before presenting to us. Discussion. The traditional surgical treatments by other surgical groups were unsuccessful and therefore the patient came to our clinic for further treatment. She had triangle tilt surgery with us, as a salvage procedure. Conclusion. The OBPI patient in this study clearly showed noticeable clinical and functional improvements after triangle tilt surgical management. The posture of the arm at rest was greatly improved to a more normal position, and hand to mouth movement was improved as well. Triangle tilt surgery should be conducted as a first choice treatment for medial rotation contracture of the shoulder in OBPI patients.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Approximately 30,000 people are diagnosed with oral cancer annually in the United States. Recent evidence suggests that nutrition may play a more complex role in the prevention of oral cancers than previously believed. Proanthocyanidins (PACs) are a class of compounds found in normal dietary foods that exhibit chemopreventive properties and chemotherapeutic potential. Recently preliminary evidence suggests that PACs inhibit the proliferation of oral cancer cell lines. The primary goal of this study was to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for previous observations that grape seed-derived PACs significantly inhibited oral cancer proliferation. METHODS: Using the well-characterized oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines, CAL27 and SCC25, as well as nontumorigenic cell lines, a series of in vitro assays was performed to quantify the temporal and dose-specific growth inhibitory properties of PAC on oral cancers. In addition, quantitative analysis of mRNA from key intracellular signaling pathway molecules, involved in both cell-cycle control and apoptosis, were analyzed using Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS: This study found that oral cancer proliferation was inhibited by 24 hours in the PAC concentration range of 50-70 µg/mL with concomitant decreases in mRNA expression of specific cell-cycle regulators, and increases in the expression of apoptosis-specific molecules, such as caspase-2 and caspase-8. CONCLUSION: These results may represent the first demonstration of simultaneous, temporal inhibition of cell-cycle signaling pathways with the activation of specific apoptosis-related signaling pathways within oral cancers in response to PAC, lending further support to the concept that PACs may be promising candidates for adjuvant or complementary therapies for oral cancer patients.
