Effects of agro based organic amendments on growth and cadmium uptake in wheat and rice crops irrigated with raw city effluents: Three years field study.

Cadmium (Cd) accumulates in the vegetative tissues of rice and wheat crops, posing a serious threat in the food chain. A long-term field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of rice husk biochar (RHB), farm manure (FM), press mud (PrM), and poultry manure (PM) on the growth, yield, and economics of wheat and rice crops grown with sewage water. The results showed that RHB increased wheat plant height (27%, 66%, 70%), spike-length (33%, 99%, 56%), straw yield (21%, 51%, 49%), and grain yield (42%, 63%, 65%) in year-1, year-2, and year-3, than respective controls. For rice crop, RHB showed the maximum increase in plant height (64%, 92%, 96%), spike length (55%, 95%, 90%), straw yield (34%, 53%, 55%), and grain yield (46%, 66%, 69%) each year (2019-2021), compared to their respective controls. The Cd immobilization was increased by the application of RHB while other treatments followed FM > PrM > PM > control in each year of wheat and rice crops. For year-1, benefit-cost ratio remained maximum with the application of FM while for the 2nd and 3rd years in sequence, RHB proved more economical than other treatments and consistently produced wheat and rice with lower Cd concentration than FM, PrM, and PM in grains. This long-term experiment suggested that the application of organic amendments consistently increased biomass of rice and wheat and decreased the Cd concentration in tissues. The RHB remained more effective compared with FM, PrM, and PM in terms of yield, low Cd accumulation and economics of rice and wheat crops.

ASSOCIATION BETWEEN H. PYLORI INFECTION AND IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME.

OBJECTIVE: 1 UNIVERSITY OF KUFA, AL.-NAJAF, IRAQ 2ALSADER TEACHING HOSPITAL, AL!NAJAF, IRAQ The aim: To research the association of H. pylori infection in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and method: In this case control study, 43 patients with IBS (13 males and 30 females) diagnosed according to Rome IV criteria and other 43 controls where included, the patients and control are matched to the gender and age which ranged from 18 to55 years, the study groups were referred to perform a stool antigen test for H. pylori. RESULTS: Results: Presence of H. pylori was compared between patients with IBS and controls using chi-square test. There was significant correlation between the presence of H. pylori and IBS, chi-square = 4.09, P-value = 0.043. The odd ratio for patients with H. pylori to have IBS was 2.53 (95% confidence interval: 1.02- 6.29). There is no signi"cant relationship between type of IBS and presence of H. pylori, chi-square = 2.87, P-value = 0.238. There is no significant relationship between the presence of H. pylori and age, BMI, gender, occupation, or marital state. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Results of our study had shown an association of H. pylori infection in patients with IBS, which may propose a link of this infection in IBS pathophysiology.

Assessment of the incidence and etiology of nosocomial diarrhea in a medical ward in Iraq.

This study aimed to detect the incidence, etiology, risk factors, and severity of nosocomial diarrhea among adult inpatients in a medical ward in Iraq. The study was conducted among patients admitted to the medical ward from June 1, 2019, to January 31, 2020, in AL-Sader medical city. The surveillance for nosocomial diarrhea was performed by monitoring every patient in the ward 3 times/week. 1050 patients were admitted to the medical ward in AL-Sader medical city. Of these, 52 patients (mean age 58±12.91 years, range 32 to 80) developed new-onset diarrhea during hospitalization. There was a significant relationship between the severity of diarrhea and age, residence, antibiotic use, including number and duration of antibiotics, immunosuppressive agents (steroids/chemotherapy), duration of hospital stay, level of consciousness, and enema use. Nosocomial diarrhea is a significant clinical problem that complicates about 5% of all admission in the medical ward. Various microorganisms account for nosocomial diarrhea, including E. histolytica, G. lamblia, and Candida. Several risk factors associated with the severe form of nosocomial diarrhea include old age, antibiotic use, immunosuppressive use, and length of hospital stay.

Esophageal tear after removal of pin ended earrings from hypopharynx of a child: Case report and review of the literature.

This report describes an interesting case of pin-ended earring, a foreign body, in a child, which could not be manipulated by rigid esophagoscope. The surgeon was able to extract it, on the suggestion of the anesthesiologist, by Magill forceps. Examination of the site of impaction of FB showed a small tear attributed to penetration of pin end of the earring. The pediatric surgeon, on post-procedure consultation, advised to follow-up the patient in pediatric intensive care unit with antibiotic prophylaxis. Chest radiograph on the following days showed opacity in the upper right chest region, which was cleared on the fourth post-operative day. This paper describes the anesthetic and operative procedural manipulations that led to safe outcome.