ABSTRACT
We have isolated mammalian homologues of the Drosophila dachshund gene. Two domains of high conservation, one of which contains an alpha-helical, coiled-coil motif, show similarity to the Ski family of genes. We therefore propose that Dachshund belongs to a superfamily including these genes. Mouse Dachshund (Dach) is expressed in the eye and limb, structures affected by the Drosophila loss-of-function mutant, and rib primordia, CNS and genital eminence. Pax6 and Dach show overlapping but non-identical expression patterns. Dach expression is unaffected in smalleye mouse brain, indicating that Pax6 is not directly activating Dach. In Drosophila eye development dachshund is a component of an interacting network of proteins. Genes homologous to many of these exist in mammals; Dach joins this expanding group.
Subject(s)
DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics , Drosophila Proteins/genetics , Drosophila melanogaster/genetics , Extremities/embryology , Eye/embryology , Fetal Proteins/genetics , Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental , Multigene Family , Nuclear Proteins/genetics , Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics , Proto-Oncogenes , Amino Acid Sequence , Animals , Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/genetics , DNA, Complementary/genetics , Drosophila Proteins/biosynthesis , Drosophila melanogaster/embryology , Expressed Sequence Tags , Eye/metabolism , Eye Proteins/biosynthesis , Eye Proteins/genetics , Fetal Proteins/biosynthesis , Genitalia/embryology , Genitalia/metabolism , Homeodomain Proteins/biosynthesis , Homeodomain Proteins/genetics , Humans , In Situ Hybridization , Leg/embryology , Mice , Mice, Mutant Strains , Molecular Sequence Data , Morphogenesis , Nerve Tissue Proteins/biosynthesis , Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics , Nervous System/embryology , Nervous System/metabolism , Nuclear Proteins/biosynthesis , Organ Specificity , PAX6 Transcription Factor , Paired Box Transcription Factors , Protein Structure, Tertiary , Proto-Oncogene Mas , Repressor Proteins , Ribs/embryology , Ribs/metabolism , Sequence Alignment , Sequence Homology, Amino Acid , Species SpecificityABSTRACT
A hospital marketing model is proposed for use as a framework for applying marketing strategy and concepts to hospitals. The cells of the model, primarily summarizing the many decisions of the marketing management process as can be applied to hospitals, are justified by the health care marketing literature.
Subject(s)
Decision Making, Organizational , Hospital Planning/methods , Marketing of Health Services/methods , Hospital Planning/economics , Marketing of Health Services/organization & administration , Models, Organizational , Organizational Objectives , Product Line Management/methods , United StatesABSTRACT
The aetiology, type, distribution, and treatment of fractures of the facial bones is described in the 484 patients with such injuries treated at Dunedin Hospital during the period 1979-1985. The mean annual rate was 51.7 per 100,000. The rate of facial bone fractures has remained relatively constant over a 32-year period in the Otago area. Interpersonal violence is now the most common cause of these injuries. Fractures of the zygomatic complex and fractures of the mandible remain the most common facial fractures. There is an increasing trend towards the use of direct internal fixation for fractures that require treatment.
