ABSTRACT
Excellent color purity with a tunable band gap renders organic-inorganic halide perovskite highly capable of performing as light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Perovskite nanocrystals show a photoluminescence quantum yield exceeding 90%, which, however, decreases to lower than 20% upon formation of a thin film. The limited photoluminescence quantum yield of a perovskite thin film has been a formidable obstacle for development of highly efficient perovskite LEDs. Here, we report a method for highly luminescent MAPbBr3 (MA = CH3NH3) nanocrystals formed in situ in a thin film based on nonstoichiometric adduct and solvent-vacuum drying approaches. Excess MABr with respect to PbBr2 in precursor solution plays a critical role in inhibiting crystal growth of MAPbBr3, thereby forming nanocrystals and creating type I band alignment with core MAPbBr3 by embedding MAPbBr3 nanocrystals in the unreacted wider band gap MABr. A solvent-vacuum drying process was developed to preserve nanocrystals in the film, which realizes a fast photoluminescence lifetime of 3.9 ns along with negligible trapping processes. Based on a highly luminescent nanocrystalline MAPbBr3 thin film, a highly efficient green LED with a maximum external quantum efficiency of 8.21% and a current efficiency of 34.46 cd/A was demonstrated.
ABSTRACT
We demonstrated a highly efficient conducting indium tin oxide (ITO) core-TiO2 nanocrystals shell nanowire array for a photoelectrode in dye-sensitized solar cells with regard to light harvest and charge collection. The TiO2 shell layer, consisting of anatase nanocrystals of ~2 nm, were successfully formed on a single crystalline ITO nanowire prepared via a vapor transport method using repetitive TiCl4 aqueous solution treatments at 50 °C. We found that the nanocrystal size and number of Cl(-) ions remaining on the formed shell layer critically influence the dye loading properties. Moreover, these factors can be controlled by means of a post-annealing process. We also found that the dye loading and the back electron transport from the conductive ITO nanowire to the electrolyte mainly determine the final cell performance. The proposed double-shell layer structure consisting of dense and porous layers showed significantly improved cell performance.
ABSTRACT
One-dimensional (1-D) SnO(2) nanorods (NRs) with a rutile structure are grown on various substrates regardless of the lattice-mismatch by using a new nutrient solution based on tin oxalate, which generated supersaturated Sn(2+) sources. These affluent sources are appropriate for producing a large number of SnO(2) nanoparticles, sufficient for stacking on a substrate surface by gravity, which then acts as a seed layer for subsequent nanorod growth. Single crystalline nanorods are grown along the [001] direction by the oriented attachment phenomenon in which the attached nanoparticles were rearranged to reduce the overall surface energy through sharing thermodynamically unstable crystal (001) planes. Furthermore, the grown SnO(2) NRs are covered with a TiO(2) particulate film and utilized as a photoanode in DSSCs. The power conversion efficiency is 8.61%, enhanced by 14.2% compared to the photoanode with only a TiO(2) particulate film.
