Development of lignin hydrogel reinforced polypyrrole rich electrode material for supercapacitor and sensing applications.

The preparation of natural polymer-based highly conductive hydrogels with reliable durability for applications in supercapacitors (SCs) is still challenging. Herein, a facile method to prepare alkaline lignin (AL)-based polypyrrole (PPy)-rich, high-conductive PPy@AL/PEGDGE gel was reported, where AL was used as a dopant, polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (PEGDGE) as a cross-linking agent, and PPy as a conducting polymer. The PPy@AL/PEGDGE gel electrode materials with hollow structures were prepared by electrochemical deposition and chemical etching method and then assembled into sandwich-shaped SCs. Cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanotactic charge discharge (GCD), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cycling stability tests of the PPy@AL/PEGDGE SCs were performed. The results demonstrated that the SCs can achieve a conductivity of 25.9 S·m-1 and a specific capacitance of 175 F·g-1, which was 127.4 % higher compared to pure PPy (77 F·g-1) electrode. The highest energy density and power density for the SCs were obtained at 23.06 Wh·kg-1 and 5376 W·kg-1, respectively. In addition, the cycling performance was also higher than that of pure PPy assembled SCs (50 %), and the capacitance retention rate can reach 72.3 % after 1000 cycles. The electrode materials are expected to be used as sensor and SCs devices.

The geological origins and soil properties of loess-like silty clay: a case study in the jinan area.

This study, using Jinan as a case study, systematically investigates the characteristics and geological genesis of loess-like silty clay in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. The primary distribution of loess-like silty clay is revealed through field surveys, laboratory experiments, and previous literature reviews. The chemical and physical properties of the loess-like silty clay were examined, in addition to investigations into its mineral composition, microstructural characteristics, and engineering mechanical properties, in order to enhance comprehension of its attributes and formation mechanisms. The research suggests that the distinctive soil environment in the area has been influenced by numerous instances of the Yellow River overflow and channel shifts over its history, as well as the impacts of climate change, geological factors, and human activities. The primary sources of material for the loess-like silty clay consist of loess, Hipparion Red Clay, and paleosol layers. The discussion also addresses the impact of regional climate on the formation of mineral components. The aforementioned findings hold significant implications for advancing the understanding of historical climatic and paleogeographic shifts, as well as for addressing engineering challenges associated with the distribution of loess-like silty clay.

Effects of surgical trauma and intraoperative blood loss on tumour progression.

Surgery is the primary treatment of choice for tumours, and improves prognosis, prolongs survival and is potentially curative. Previous studies have described the effects of anaesthesia and changes in the neuroendocrine, circulatory and sympathetic nervous systems on postoperative cancer progression. There is growing evidence that intraoperative blood loss is an independent prognostic factor for tumour recurrence, postoperative inflammation is a predictor of cancer prognosis, and immunosuppressive status correlates with the degree of surgical damage. This paper outlines the potential mechanisms by which blood loss, surgical trauma and postoperative immunosuppressive status contribute to tumour growth and recurrence by reducing intraoperative haemorrhage and perioperative immunotherapy, thereby reducing tumour growth and recurrence, and improving long-term prognosis.

Secular Trends in Adherence to Healthy Behaviors Among US Adults with Diabetes, 1999-2018.

Adherence to healthy lifestyle is essential for diabetes management in light of the plateaued metabolic control, diversifying causes of death, and continued excess mortality among people with diabetes (PWD). This study aims to assess the secular trend of adherence to healthy behaviors among PWD in NHANES, a nationally representative survey of Americans using a stratified, multistage probability design in 2-year cycles since 1999. Adherence to healthy lifestyle was estimated using never smoking, moderate drinking, adequate physical activity, and healthy diet, and the score ranged 0-4. Among 7410 participants, adherence to healthy behaviors across time slightly increased from 1.4 (95% CI, 1.3 to 1.5) in 1999-2002 to 1.6 (1.5 to 1.8) in 2015-2018 (Ptrend = 0.002). The non-Hispanic Blacks caught up with the non-Hispanic Whites in overall lifestyle score (1.7 vs. 1.6 in 2015-2018), while large socioeconomic disparities remained in that participants with higher income and education level, and covered by health insurance were more likely to have adherence to healthy behaviors. As the metabolic control plateaued and causes of death have diversified among PWD, our findings suggested a great potential of lifestyle modification in facilitating the long-term health of these patients.

Development and validation of a dried blood spots assay for metabolic profiling of ginsenosides using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer., a famous and valuable traditional Chinese medicine with thousand years of history for its healthcare and therapeutic effects. It is necessary and meaningful to study the pharmacokinetic behavior of ginsenosides in vivo as they are the most active components. Dried blood spots (DBS) are a mature and advanced blood collection method with meet the needs for the measurement of numerous analytes. AIM OF THE STUDY: This study aimed to explore the feasibility on DBS in the metabolic profile analysis of complex herbal products. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the determination of ginsenosides. The preparation of DBS samples was conducted by spiking the whole blood with analytes to obtain 20 µL of blood spots on Whatman 903 collection card. A punched dish of 10 mm in diameter was extracted with 70 % methanol aqueous solution, digoxin was used as an internal standard. Target compounds were separated on a Waters T3 column (2.1 × 100 mm, 1.8 µm) with acetonitrile and water (0.1 % formic acid) at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. RESULTS: The various ginsenosides showed good linearity in the range of 1-2000 ng/mL. The extraction recoveries and matrix effects of the target analytes were above 82.2%. The intra- and inter-batch accuracy and precision were within the limits of ≤15% for all tested concentrations. Moreover, the collected dried blood spot samples could be stably stored at room temperature for 14 days and 4 °C for 1 month without being affected. And it is delightful that the DBS-based analysis is compatible or even superior to the conventional protein precipitation in terms of sensitivity, linearity, and stability. In particular, the target analytes are stable in the DBS sampling under normal storing condition and the sensitivity for some trace metabolites of ginsenosides, such as 20(S)-Rg3, 20(R)-Rg3, F1, Rk1, Rg5, etc. increases 3-4 folds as evaluated by LLOQ. CONCLUSIONS: The established method was successfully applied to pharmacokinetic studies of ginseng extract in mice, this suggests a more feasible strategy for pharmacokinetic study of traditional and natural medicines both in animal tests and clinical trials.

Expanding the Hydrophobic Cavity Surface of Azocalix[4]arene to Enable Biotin/Avidin Affinity with Controlled Release.

The development of artificial receptors that combine ultrahigh-affinity binding and controllable release for active guests holds significant importance in biomedical applications. On one hand, a complex with an exceedingly high binding affinity can resist unwanted dissociation induced by dilution effect and complex interferents within physiological environments. On the other hand, stimulus-responsive release of the guest is essential for precisely activating its function. In this context, we expanded hydrophobic cavity surface of a hypoxia-responsive azocalix[4]arene, affording Naph-SAC4A. This modification significantly enhanced its aqueous binding affinity to 1013 M-1, akin to the naturally occurring strongest recognition pair, biotin/(strept-)avidin. Consequently, Naph-SAC4A emerges as the first artificial receptor to simultaneously integrate ultrahigh recognition affinity and actively controllable release. The markedly enhanced affinity not only improved Naph-SAC4A's sensitivity in detecting rocuronium bromide in serum, but also refined the precision of hypoxia-responsive doxorubicin delivery at the cellular level, demonstrating its immense potential for diverse practical applications.

Effects of human milk odor stimulation on feeding in premature infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Previous studies suggested odor stimulation may influence feeding of premature neonates. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was conducted to assess the effect of human milk odor stimulation on feeding of premature infants. All randomized controlled trials related to human milk odor stimulation on feeding in premature infants published in PubMed, Cochrane, Library, Medline, Embase, Web of science databases and Chinese biomedical literature databases, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP) and Wanfang Chinese databases were searched, and The Cochrane Handbook 5.1.0 was used to evaluate the quality and authenticity of the literature. Relevant information of the included studies was extracted and summarized, and the evaluation indexes were analyzed using ReviewManager5.3. The retrieval time was from the establishment of the database to July 28, 2022.12 articles were assessed for eligibility, and six randomized controlled studies were eventually included in the meta-analysis (PRISMA). A total of 6 randomized controlled studies with 763 patients were finally included in the study, and the quality evaluation of literatures were all grade B. Human milk odor stimulation reduced the transition time to oral feeding in premature infants [SMD = - 0.48, 95% CI (- 0.69, - 0.27), Z = 4.54, P < 0.00001] and shortened the duration of parenteral nutrition [MD = - 1.01, 95% CI (- 1.70, - 0.32), Z = 2.88, P = 0.004]. However, it did not change the length of hospitalization for premature infants [MD = - 0.03, 95% CI (- 0.41, 0.35), Z = 0.17, P = 0.86]. The implementation of human milk odor stimulation can reduce the transition time to oral feeding and the duration of parenteral nutrition in premature infants, but further studies are needed to determine whether it can reduce the length of hospital stay in premature infants. More high-quality, large-sample studies are needed to investigate the effect of human milk odor stimulation on the feeding process and other outcomes in premature infants.

Clinicopathologic features, concurrent genomic alterations, and clinical outcomes of patients with KRAS G12D mutations in resected lung adenocarcinoma.

BACKGROUND: In light of the ongoing clinical development of KRAS G12D-specific inhibitors, we sought to investigate the clinicopathologic, co-occurring genomic features and outcomes of patients with KRAS G12D-mutant lung adenocarcinoma. METHODS: 3828 patients with completely resected primary lung adenocarcinomas were examined for KRAS mutations between 2008 and 2020. The association between KRAS G12D and clinicopathologic features, molecular profiles, and outcomes was investigated. RESULTS: 65 patients (1.7%) with KRAS G12D-mutant lung adenocarcinoma were identified. KRAS G12D mutation was more frequent in males, former/current smokers, radiologic solid tumors, and invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma. TP53 and STK11 were the two most frequent concomitant mutations in the KRAS G12D group. KRAS G12D mutation did not appear to be a prognostic factor in resected stage I-III lung adenocarcinomas, while KRAS non-G12D mutation was related to worse survival, especially in stage I tumors. KRAS G12D mutations were associated with positive but low (1-49%) PD-L1 expression compared to negative (<1%), while KRAS non-G12D mutation was associated with high PD-L1 expression (≥50%). TP53 co-mutation indicated higher PD-L1 expression, while STK11 co-mutation had a negligible impact on PD-L1 expression. Furthermore, data mining of MSK datasets from cBioPortal revealed that KRAS G12D and SKT11 co-mutation were associated with a diminished response to immunotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: KRAS G12D-mutant lung adenocarcinoma harbored unique clinicopathologic and genomic characteristics. Despite not being prognostic in resected lung adenocarcinoma, KRAS G12D might be a valuable biomarker in combination with certain co-mutations for identifying relevant subgroups of patients that could eventually influence treatment regimens.

Reactive Oxygen Species-Responsive Nanoparticles Toward Extracellular Matrix Normalization for Pancreatic Fibrosis Regression.

Pancreatic fibrosis (PF) is primarily characterized by aberrant production and degradation modes of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, resulting from the activation of pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) and the pathological cross-linking of ECM mediated by lysyl oxidase (LOX) family members. The excessively deposited ECM increases matrix stiffness, and the over-accumulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) induces oxidative stress, which further stimulates the continuous activation of PSCs and advancing PF; challenging the strategy toward normalizing ECM homeostasis for the regression of PF. Herein, ROS-responsive and Vitamin A (VA) decorated micelles (named LR-SSVA) to reverse the imbalanced ECM homeostasis for ameliorating PF are designed and synthesized. Specifically, LR-SSVA selectively targets PSCs via VA, thereby effectively delivering siLOXL1 and resveratrol (RES) into the pancreas. The ROS-responsive released RES inhibits the overproduction of ECM by eliminating ROS and inactivating PSCs, meanwhile, the decreased expression of LOXL1 ameliorates the cross-linked collagen for easier degradation by collagenase which jointly normalizes ECM homeostasis and alleviates PF. This research shows that LR-SSVA is a safe and efficient ROS-response and PSC-targeted drug-delivery system for ECM normalization, which will propose an innovative and ideal platform for the reversal of PF.

Prognostic value of KRAS G12V mutation in lung adenocarcinoma stratified by stages and radiological features.

OBJECTIVE: KRAS G12V is one of the most common KRAS mutation variants in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), and yet its prognostic value is still unrevealed. In this study, we investigated the clinicopathologic characteristics and prognostic value of the KRAS G12V mutation in LUAD. METHODS: Data of 3829 patients who underwent LUAD resection between 2008 and 2020 were collected. Mutations were classified as wild-type, G12V, or non-G12V. The clinicopathologic characteristics, postoperative outcomes, and recurrence pattern were analyzed among groups. RESULTS: In total, 3554 patients were wild-type and 275 patients harbored a KRAS mutation: 60 patients with G12V (22.2%) and 215 patients with non-G12V (77.8%). The KRAS G12V mutation was more frequent in male patients, older patients (≥60 years), former/current smokers, those patients with radiologic solid nodules, and those with highly invasive histologic subtypes. Tumors carrying KRAS G12V mutation exhibited elevated programmed death-ligand 1 expression in comparison with wild-type tumors. KRAS G12V was more prevalent in older patients and had less lymphovascular invasion compared with other mutation types. FGF3, RET, and KDR co-mutations occurred more frequently in the KRAS G12V group. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the KRAS G12V mutation was an independent prognostic factor in stage Ⅰ tumors, whereas the KRAS non-G12V mutation was not. KRAS G12V was associated with early recurrence and locoregional recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: The KRAS G12V mutation was associated with aggressive clinical-pathologic phenotype and early recurrence. To note, this mutation exhibited a significantly worse prognosis in patients with part-solid and stage Ⅰ lung adenocarcinoma. Meanwhile, the prognostic significance of KRAS G12C and G12V variants was comparable.

Recalled age of myopia onset may predict risk of high adult myopia in Chinese adults.

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between age of myopia onset and high myopia and to explore if age of onset mediated the associations of high myopia with parental myopia and time spent on electronics. METHODS: This cross-sectional study enrolled 1118 myopic patients aged 18 to 40. Information was obtained via a detailed questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression and linear regression models were utilized to assess age of onset in relation to high myopia and spherical equivalent refractive error, respectively. Structural equation models examined the mediated effect of onset age on the association between parental myopia, time spent on electronics and high myopia. RESULTS: An early age at myopia onset was negatively correlated with spherical equivalent refractive power. Subjects who developed myopia before the age of 12 were more likely to suffer from high myopia than those who developed myopia after the age of 15. Age of myopia onset was the strongest predictor of high myopia, with an area under the curve (AUC) in Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) analysis of 0.80. Additionally, age of myopia onset served as a mediator in the relationships between parental myopia, electronic device usage duration, and the onset of high myopia in adulthood. CONCLUSIONS: Age of myopia onset might be the single best predictor for high myopia, and age at onset appeared to mediate the associations of high myopia with parental myopia and time spent on electronics.

Metal-Assisted Carbohydrate Assembly.

The sequence-controlled assembly of nucleic acids and amino acids into well-defined superstructures constitutes one of the most revolutionary technologies in modern science. The elaboration of such superstructures from carbohydrates, however, remains elusive and largely unexplored on account of their intrinsic constitutional and configurational complexity, not to mention their inherent conformational flexibility. Here, we report the bottom-up assembly of two classes of hierarchical superstructures that are formed from a highly flexible cyclo-oligosaccharide─namely, cyclofructan-6 (CF-6). The formation of coordinative bonds between the oxygen atoms of CF-6 and alkali metal cations (i) locks a myriad of flexible conformations of CF-6 into a few rigid conformations, (ii) bridges adjacent CF-6 ligands, and (iii) gives rise to the multiple-level assembly of three extended frameworks. The hierarchical superstructures present in these frameworks have been shown to modulate their nanomechanical properties. This research highlights the unique opportunities of constructing convoluted superstructures from carbohydrates and should encourage future endeavors in this underinvestigated field of science.

Portable fluorescent lateral flow assay for ultrasensitive point-of-care analysis of acute myocardial infarction related microRNA.

Point-of-care quantitative analysis of tracing microRNA disease-biomarkers remains a great challenge in the clinical diagnosis. In this paper, we developed a portable fluorescent lateral flow assay for ultrasensitive quantified detection of acute myocardial infarction related microRNAs in bio-samples. SiO2@DQD (bilayer quantum dots assembly with SiO2 core) based fluorescent lateral flow strip was fabricated as the analysis tool. In order to quantify the tracing microRNA in biosamples, a catalytic hairpin assembly and CRISPR/Cas12a cascade amplification method was performed and combined with the fabricated SiO2@DQD lateral flow strip. Thus, our platform gathered double advantages of portability and ultrasensitive quantification. Based on our strips, target myocardial biomarker microRNA-133a can be detected with a detection limit of 0.32 fM, which was almost 1000-fold sensitive compared with previous reported microRNAs-lateral flow strips. Significantly, this portable fluorescent strip can directly detect microRNAs in serum without any pretreatment and PCR amplification steps. When spiked in serum samples, a recovery of 99.65 %-102.38 % can be obtained. Therefore, our method offers a potential tool for ultrasensitive quantification of diseases related microRNA in the point-of-care diseases diagnosis field.

Evolutionary proteogenomic landscape from pre-invasive to invasive lung adenocarcinoma.

Lung adenocarcinoma follows a stepwise progression from pre-invasive to invasive. However, there remains a knowledge gap regarding molecular events from pre-invasive to invasive. Here, we conduct a comprehensive proteogenomic analysis comprising whole-exon sequencing, RNA sequencing, and proteomic and phosphoproteomic profiling on 98 pre-invasive and 99 invasive lung adenocarcinomas. The deletion of chr4q12 contributes to the progression from pre-invasive to invasive adenocarcinoma by downregulating SPATA18, thus suppressing mitophagy and promoting cell invasion. Proteomics reveals diverse enriched pathways in normal lung tissues and pre-invasive and invasive adenocarcinoma. Proteomic analyses identify three proteomic subtypes, which represent different stages of tumor progression. We also illustrate the molecular characterization of four immune clusters, including endothelial cells, B cells, DCs, and immune depression subtype. In conclusion, this comprehensive proteogenomic study characterizes the molecular architecture and hallmarks from pre-invasive to invasive lung adenocarcinoma, guiding the way to a deeper understanding of the tumorigenesis and progression of this disease.

Polarization angle information enhancement method based on polarimetric array imaging.

Polarization imaging, based on the measurement of polarization parameters containing specific physical information, has found extensive applications across various domains. Among these parameters, polarization angle information plays a crucial role in revealing texture details. However, in practical scenarios, noise during image acquisition can lead to significant degradation of polarization angle information. To address this issue, we introduce a novel, to the best of our knowledge, polarization angle information enhancement method based on polarimetric array imaging. Our proposed method utilizes the principles of polarimetric array imaging to effectively restore texture information embedded within polarization angle images. Through the deployment of a self-designed polarimetric array imaging system, we conducted experiments in diverse scenes to validate the efficacy of our approach. The acquired polarization angle data were subjected to our method for enhancement. The experimental outcomes distinctly illustrate the noise suppression capabilities of our method, showcasing its ability to faithfully reconstruct intricate details obscured by substantial noise interference.

Tree foliage as a net accumulator of highly toxic methylmercury.

Tree canopies are known to elevate atmospheric inputs of both mercury (Hg) and methylmercury (MeHg). While foliar uptake of gaseous Hg is well documented, little is known regarding the temporal dynamics and origins of MeHg in tree foliage, which represents typically less than 1% of total Hg in foliage. In this work, we examined the foliar total Hg and MeHg content by following the growth of five individual trees of American Beech (Fagus grandifolia) for one growing season (April-November, 2017) in North Carolina, USA. We show that similar to other studies foliar Hg content increased almost linearly over time, with daily accumulation rates ranging from 0.123 to 0.161 ng/g/day. However, not all trees showed linear increases of foliar MeHg content along the growing season; we found that 2 out of 5 trees showed elevated foliar MeHg content at the initial phase of the growing season but their MeHg content declined through early summer. However, foliar MeHg content among all 5 trees showed eventual increases through the end of the growing season, proving that foliage is a net accumulator of MeHg while foliar gain of biomass did not "dilute" MeHg content.

A study of genetic variants associated with skin traits in the Vietnamese population.

BACKGROUND: Most skin-related traits have been studied in Caucasian genetic backgrounds. A comprehensive study on skin-associated genetic effects on underrepresented populations such as Vietnam is needed to fill the gaps in the field. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to develop a computational pipeline to predict the effect of genetic factors on skin traits using public data (GWAS catalogs and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data from the 1000 Genomes Project-1KGP) and in-house Vietnamese data (WGS and genotyping by SNP array). Also, we compared the genetic predispositions of 25 skin-related traits of Vietnamese population to others to acquire population-specific insights regarding skin health. METHODS: Vietnamese cohorts of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of 1008 healthy individuals for the reference and 96 genotyping samples (which do not have any skin cutaneous issues) by Infinium Asian Screening Array-24 v1.0 BeadChip were employed to predict skin-associated genetic variants of 25 skin-related and micronutrient requirement traits in population analysis and correlation analysis. Simultaneously, we compared the landscape of cutaneous issues of Vietnamese people with other populations by assessing their genetic profiles. RESULTS: The skin-related genetic profile of Vietnamese cohorts was similar at most to East Asian cohorts (JPT: Fst = 0.036, CHB: Fst = 0.031, CHS: Fst = 0.027, CDX: Fst = 0.025) in the population study. In addition, we identified pairs of skin traits at high risk of frequent co-occurrence (such as skin aging and wrinkles (r = 0.45, p = 1.50e-5) or collagen degradation and moisturizing (r = 0.35, p = 1.1e-3)). CONCLUSION: This is the first investigation in Vietnam to explore genetic variants of facial skin. These findings could improve inadequate skin-related genetic diversity in the currently published database.

Denture use and risk for cardiometabolic disease: observational and Mendelian randomization analyses.

AIMS: Denture use may potentially increase the risk of cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs), but the casual relevance and strength of the associations are currently unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 495 938 participants from the UK Biobank were included in the observational analyses. Linkage disequilibrium score (LDSC) regression and Mendelian randomization analyses were employed to estimate genetic correlation and the associations between the genetic liability for denture use with coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, heart failure (HF), any stroke (AS), ischaemic stroke, haemorrhagic stroke, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and related clinical risk factors. In observational analysis, denture use was associated with 14-25% higher risks of various CMDs. The LDSC analysis found that denture use showed a positive genetic correlation with CMDs (rg 0.21-0.38). Genetic liability for denture use was associated with an elevated risk of HF [odds ratio: 1.49 (1.20-1.83)] and T2D [1.11 (1.01-1.24)]. By integrating genetic summary data of denture use with the sum of decayed, missing, and filled tooth surfaces (DMFS), a clinical measure of dental caries obtained from an independent source, genetically determined denture use/DMFS was also associated with an elevated risk of AS [1.21 (1.04-1.40)]. Furthermore, genetically predicted denture use/DMFS was significantly associated with established cardiometabolic risk factors, including HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and height. CONCLUSION: Our study supported potential causal associations between the genetic liability for denture use and risks for HF, AS, T2D, and related clinical risk factors. These findings may inform prevention and intervention strategies targeting dental diseases and CMDs.

This study examined the association of denture use with cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) and related clinical risk factors through Mendelian randomization analyses using data from UK Biobank and published consortia. Genetic liability for denture use was associated with an 11­49% higher risk of heart failure, stroke, and type 2 diabetes.The potential causal relationship between denture use and CMDs was further strengthened by the associations of denture use with HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and height, which are among the major risk factors of CMDs.

Adaptive and Ultrahigh-Affinity Recognition in Water by Sulfated Conjugated Corral[5]arene.

The pursuit of synthetic receptors with high binding affinities has long been a central focus in supramolecular chemistry, driven by their significant practical relevance in various fields. Despite the numerous synthetic receptors that have been developed, most exhibit binding affinities in the micromolar range or lower. Only a few exceptional receptors achieve binding affinities exceeding 109  M-1 , and their substrate scopes remain rather limited. In this context, we introduce SC[5]A, a conjugated corral-shaped macrocycle functionalized with ten sulfate groups. Owing to its deep one-dimensional confined hydrophobic cavity and multiple sulfate groups, SC[5]A displays an extraordinarily high binding strength of up to 1011  M-1 towards several size-matched, rod-shaped organic dications in water. Besides, its conformation exhibits good adaptability, allowing it to encapsulate a wide range of other guests with diverse molecular sizes, shapes, and functionalities, exhibiting relatively strong affinities (Ka =106 -108  M-1 ). Additionally, we've explored the preliminary application of SC[5]A in alleviating blood coagulation induced by hexadimethrine bromide in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, the combination of ultrahigh binding affinities (towards complementary guests) and adaptive recognition capability (towards a wide range of functional guests) of SC[5]A positions it as exceptionally valuable for numerous practical applications.