Factors influencing disordered eating behavior based on the theory of triadic influence.

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to identify factors influencing disordered eating behaviors in female college students based on the theory of triadic influence. DESIGN AND METHOD: The participants in this study were 307 college females in Korea. Data were analyzed using t-tests, correlation coefficients, and multiple regression analyses. FINDINGS: Multiple regression analysis revealed that objectified body consciousness, social physique anxiety, and sociocultural attitudes toward appearance influenced disordered eating behavior (R2  = 0.33, F = 51.32, P < 0.001). PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: This study suggests the development of a nursing program for college females that considers the factors influencing personal, social, and cultural streams will be effective.

Relationships among Menstrual Attitude, Premenstrual Distress, and Premenstrual Coping in Korean College Women.

PURPOSE: This paper presented a descriptive study which aimed to identify the relationship among menstrual attitude, premenstrual distress and premenstrual coping in Korean college women and to propose fundamental data for the development of guidelines for effective management of premenstrual distress. METHODS: The data were collected from 111 college women and analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, ANOVA and Pearson's correlation coefficients. RESULTS: The mean score of premenstrual coping was 3.25±0.60 out of 5 points. The 'Awareness and Acceptance of Premenstrual Change' score was highest and the 'Avoiding Harm' score was lowest. Menstrual attitude was significantly related to premenstrual distress (r=.37 p<.001) and the awareness and acceptance style of premenstrual coping (r=-.21. p=.021). And premenstrual distress was significantly related to the self-care coping style of premenstrual coping (r=.30, p=.001), the adjusting energy coping style of premenstrual coping (r=.45, p<.001) and the avoiding harm coping style of premenstrual coping (r=.48, p<.001). CONCLUSION: Results of this study support that positive attitude about menstruation is necessary for the effective management of premenstrual distress. Also, premenstrual coping programs that consider the level of premenstrual distress will be needed for college women.

Maternal Psychosocial Factors that Affect Breastfeeding Adaptation and Immune Substances in Human Milk.

PURPOSE: This study was to identify relationships of maternal psychosocial factors including mother's mood state, childcare stress, social support and sleep satisfaction with breastfeeding adaptation and immune substances in breast milk, especially secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and transforming growth factor-beta 2 (TGF-beta2). METHODS: Data were collected from 84 mothers who delivered full-term infants by natural childbirth. Structured questionnaires and breast milk were collected at 2~4 days and 6 weeks postpartum. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, multiple linear regression, and generalized estimating equation (GEE). RESULTS: Scores for the breastfeeding adaptation scale were significantly related with child care stress, mood state and social support. Mother's anger was positively correlated with the level of sIgA in colostrum (p<.01). Immune substances of breastmilk was significantly influenced by time for milk collection (p<.001) and the type of breastfeeding (sIgA, p<.001, TGF-beta2, p=.003). Regression analysis showed that breastfeeding adaptation could be explained 59.1% by the type of breastfeeding, childcare stress, the Profile of Mood States, emotional support and sleep quality (F=16.67, p<.001). CONCLUSION: The findings from this study provide important concepts of breastfeeding adaptation program and explanation of psychosocial factors by immune substances in breast milk. Future research, specially, bio-maker research on breast milk should focus on the ways to improve breastfeeding adaptation.