Rheological Properties of Organic Kerosene Gel Fuel.

Gel fuel potentially combines the advantages of solid fuel and liquid fuel due to its special rheological properties, which have essential impacts on the application of gel fuel in propulsion systems. In this paper, we study the rheological property of organic kerosene gel through a series of measurements on its viscosity as a function of the shear rate, temperature, and shear history. The measured datasets are then fitted with constitutive relationships between the viscosity and shear rate at three different levels: the power law shear-thinning model, the power law dependency on both the temperature and shear rate, and the thixotropic property. It is found that intense pre-shear could exhaust thixotropy and reduce viscosity of the kerosene gel. For the power law shear-thinning model, the consistency index increases with the gellant mass fraction, whereas the power law exponent remains constant. The dependence of viscosity on temperature could be well approximated by an empirical power law relationship. As for the thixotropic property of the kerosene gel, the fitted second-order kinetic model corresponds accurately to the viscosity at different shear rates and shear times. The constitutive models fitted in this work at different levels are consistent with each other and provide useful tools for further applications of organic kerosene gel fuel.

WU Xu's experience of sequential therapy for peripheral facial paralysis / 中国针灸

The paper introduces professor WU Xu 's experience of sequential therapy for peripheral facial paralysis. The sequential therapy refers to a staging treatment, but not rigidly adheres to it. With this therapy, the acupuncture- moxibustion regimen is modified flexibly in line with the specific symptoms of illness. At the acute phase of peripheral facial paralysis, warm acupuncture at Wangu (GB 12) is predominated and electroacupuncture is not recommended at the acupoints on the face. At the recovery phase, warm acupuncture at Zusanli (ST 36) is the main therapy and electroacupuncture is applied to the acupoints on the face appropriately. Besides, for the intractable case, the tapping technique with plum-blossom needle or skin needle should be combined and exerted in the local affected region. At the sequelae phase, in order to shorten the duration of illness, depending on the different types of facial paralysis, i.e. stiffness type, spasmodic type and flaccid type, the corresponding needling techniques are provided, i.e. bloodletting and moxibustion, strong stimulation with contralateral acupuncture and the technique for promoting the governor vessel and warming up yang.

Psychological effects of project-based learning in participants receiving clinical oncology teaching: A protocol of systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

BACKGROUND: This study will assess the effects of the project-based learning (PBL) for participants undergoing clinical oncology teaching (COT). METHODS: A systematic and comprehensive literature records will be identified from the electronic databases of PUBMED, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Springer, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. All electronic databases will be searched from their inceptions up to the present. Any relevant randomized controlled trials on the effects of PBL in participants receiving COT will be considered for inclusion. Study quality will be assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. RevMan 5.3 software will be utilized for statistical analysis. RESULTS: This study will assess the effects of PBL in participants receiving COT through assessing the primary outcomes of psychological disorders, student satisfaction, and student feedback, and secondary outcomes of examination scores, excellence rates, course examination pass rates, and clinical knowledge or skills. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study will summarize the latest evidence on the effects of PBL in participants receiving in COT. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: PROSPERO CRD42019150433.

Effect of thunder-fire moxibustion combined with vibration training on low back pain of primary osteoporosis / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the therapeutic effect of thunder-fire moxibustion combined with vibration training and simple vibration training on low back pain of primary osteoporosis by 's modulus of ultrasonic wave, and seek an objective evaluating method.@*METHODS@#A total of 60 patients were randomized into an observation group and a control group, 30 cases in each one. The patients in the two groups were treated with vibration training using whole body vibration treatment bed. In the observation group, thunder-fire moxibustion was applied at Yaoyangguan (GV 3), Mingmen (GV 4), Ganshu (BL 18), Shenshu (BL 23) and Dachangshu (BL 25). The treatment was given once every other day, 3 times a week for 4 weeks. The visual analogue score (VAS), real-time shear wave elastography (RTSWE) and medical outcomes study 36-item short-form hearth survey (SF-36) were used to evaluate pain intensity, multifidus muscle tone ('s modulus) and quality of life before treatment, after 4-week treatment and 1 month after treatment.@*RESULTS@#Compared before treatment, the VAS scores, 's modulus of multifidus muscle and 5 dimensions of SF-36 (physical condition, body pain, general health, social function and mental health) after 4-week treatment and 1 month after treatment were significantly improved in the two groups (all <0.05), the physiological role in the observation group after 4-week treatment and 1 month after treatment were improved (both <0.05). In the observation group, the VAS scores, 's modulus of multifidus muscle and 3 dimensions of SF-36 (physiological role, body pain and general health) after 4-week treatment and 1 month after treatment were superior to the control group (all <0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The therapeutic effect of thunder-fire moxibustion combined with vibration training is superior to simple vibration training in relieving low back pain intensity and multifidus muscle tone, and improving quality of life for primary osteoporosis. RTSWE technique can be an objective examination method to evaluate pain.

[Effect of serum starvation and culture to confluence on cell cycle synchronization and mineralization of human dental pulp cells].

PURPOSE: To compare the effect of serum starvation and culture to confluence on cell cycle synchronization and mineralization of human dental pulp cells (hDPCs). METHODS: HDPCs were cultured to 80% and 100% confluence respectively, and then cultured for 24, 48 and 72 hours by culture medium containing 0.5% fetal bovine serum(FBS). Cell cycle of hDPCs were identified by flow cytometry. Then hDPCs cultured by serum starvation for 48h after culturing to 100% confluence were used as the experimental group, and hDPCs cultured to 80% confluence were used as the control group. The expression of alkaline phosphatase(ALP), collagen type Ⅰ(COL-Ⅰ) and osteocalcin(OCN) was detected at gene level; activity of ALPase was detected at protein level. SPSS 13.0 software was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: When hDPCs were cultured by serum starvation for 48h after culturing to 100% confluence, cells at G0/G1 stage were more than culture to 100% confluence and serum starvation group (P＜0.05). At the genetic level, the expression of COL-Ⅰand OC in the experimental group was not statistically different from that of the control group, but can promote the expression of ALP(P＜0.05), and stimulate the secretion of hDPCs at protein level at the same time (P＜0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Culture to confluence combined serum starvation can synchronize more hDPCs at G0/G1 stage and promote mineralization of hDPCs.

Expression of long non-coding RNA SNHG3 in breast cancer and its clinical significance / 医学研究生学报

ObjectiveThere are a few reports about the expression of SNHG3 in breast cancer and its effects. This study aimed to detect the expression of SNHG3 in breast cancer and paracancerous tissues, along with its relevance to clinicopathological parameters.MethodsSeventy-four patients with breast cancer were confirmed pathologically in our hospital from Jan. 2014 to Dec. 2017. The expression of SNHG3 was examined in breast cancer and paracancerous tissues by qRT-PCR. Correlations between the expression of SNHG3 and clinicopathological parameters were analyzed.Results SNHG3 expression was significantly downregulated in breast cancer tissues compared to paracancerous tissues, and the difference was of statistical significance (P<0.000). Low expression of SNHG3 was in negative correlation to Ki-67 (rs=-0.296, P=0.013).ConclusionThe expression of SNHG3 downregulated in breast cancer tissues, and its expression level is related to Ki-67, which may serve as a potential diagnostic molecular marker.

Observations on the Efficacy of Acupoint Application plus Acupuncture in Treating Allergic Rhinitis / 上海针灸杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of acupoint application of rhinitis patches plus acupuncture in treating allergic rhinitis. Methods One hundred and twenty-one patients with allergic rhinitis were randomized to a treatment group (61 cases) and a control group (60 cases). The control group received acupuncture in dog days and the treatment group, acupoint application of self-made rhinitis patches in addition. Both groups were treated for two consecutive years. The Total Nasal Symptom Score (TNSS) score and the Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (RQLQ) score were recorded in the two groups before and after treatment. The clinical therapeutic effects were compared between the two groups. Results The total efficacy rate was 93.4％ in the treatment group and 71.7％ in the control group; there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). There were statistically significant pre-/post-treatment differences in the TNSS score and RQLQ score in the two groups (P<0.05). There were statistically significant post-treatment differences in the TNSS score and RQLQ score between the treatment and control groups (P<0.05). Conclusions Acupoint application of rhinitis patches plus acupuncture is an effective way to treat allergic rhinitis. It can relieve the clinical symptoms and improve the quality of life in the patients.

[Evaluation of the efficacy of two kinds of NiTi retreatment instruments for removing filling material during root canal retreatment].

PURPOSE: To compare the efficacy of Mtwo R and Reciproc with that of hand files in removing filling material during root canal retreatment. METHODS: The root canals of forty-five human extracted mandibular central incisors were cleaned and shaped to a size 40 and filled with gutta-percha and sealer using a lateral compaction technique. The teeth were divided into 3 groups. The filling material was removed with hand files, Mtwo R and Reciproc, respectively. The debris extruded out of the apical foramen was collected and weighted. The working time was recorded. Then the teeth were split longitudinally, observed under microscope, and evaluated. The data were statistically analyzed with SPSS 13.0 software package. RESULTS: There was no significant difference among 3 groups for debris extrusion (P>0.05). Removal of filling material with Mtwo R and Reciproc consumed less time (P<0.05). CONCLUTIONS: NiTi retreatment instruments can not remove all filling material during root canal retreatment, but can reduce working time.

[Clinical management of calcified root canal with Mtwo NiTi files].

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of Mtwo NiTi files in the management of calcified root canals. METHODS: Thirty-five calcified root canals from 21 cases unsuccessfully prepared with C-Pilot files and EDTA were treated with Mtwo NiTi files and EDTA. The data was analyzed with SAS 9.4 software package. RESULTS: Twenty-three calcified root canals were successfully prepared. The success rate was 65.71%. Instrument separation occurred in 4 root canals, and ledge occurred in 3 root canals. Categorized by calcified position, the success rate of three groups had no significant differences (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Mtwo NiTi files can effectively process calcified root canals.

The influence of heel height on gait of young females during stair descent / 医用生物力学

Objective To investigate the effects of heel heights on gait of young women when going downstairs, and analyze the injury risk of women wearing high-heeled shoes during stair descent. Methods The gait from 17 young women wearing shoes with 4 different heel heights during their stair descent was measured by infrared high-speed motion capture system. The subjects’temporal parameters of gait and 3D joint angles of lower extremity were calculated and analyzed. Results Compared with flat shoes, the gait cycle increased when wearing 3 cm, 5 cm, 7 cm high-heeled shoes during stair descent, and the stance phase proportion and double-support stance phase proportion decreased, while the step width also decreased evidently. For 5 cm, 7 cm high-heeled shoes, the ankle range of motion (ROM) in the sagittal plane would reduce significantly, and for all the 3 cm, 5 cm, 7 cm high-heeled shoes, the ankle ROM in transverse plane would increase during stair descent. Wearing 3 cm, 5 cm high-heeled shoes could make the knee ROM in the sagittal plane significantly reduce, while wearing 3 cm, 5 cm, 7 cm high-heeled shoes, the knee ROM in the transverse plane would increase evidently. Wearing 5 cm, 7 cm high-heeled shoes, the maximum hip flexion angle was greater than that of wearing flat shoes, and the minimum hip flexion angle would be also greater when wearing 3 cm, 5 cm, 7 cm high-heeled shoes. Conclusions During stair descent, with the increase of heel heights, the gait cycle and swing phase proportion increase, while the stance phase proportion, double-support stance phase proportion and step width decrease, which will raise the risk of falling. Meanwhile, the knee and ankle ROMs in sagittal plane decrease gradually, while those in transverse plane come to increase. The research findings can help to further understand the influence of heel heights on gait characteristics and patterns during stair descent and provide reference for possible injury risk analysis.

Serotonin inhibits apoptosis of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell by pERK1/2 and PDK through 5-HT1B receptors and 5-HT transporters.

BACKGROUND: Decreased apoptosis of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) plays a key role in pulmonary vascular remodeling in pulmonary hypertension (PH). However, the cause and mechanism of this decrease in apoptosis are still unclear. Serotonin (5-HT) has been shown to be involved in PH by inducing PASMC proliferation through the activation of 5-HT1B receptors (5-HT1BR) and 5-HT transporter (5-HTT). 5-HT1BR and 5-HTT are also involved in abnormal apoptosis in many other pathological processes. Therefore, we hypothesized that 5-HT induces decreases in PASMC apoptosis through 5-HT1BR and 5-HTT. METHODS: PASMCs were treated with 5-HT, and their proliferation and apoptosis were assayed. 5-HT1BR agonists, 5-HT1BR antagonist, 5-HTT antagonist, combined 5-HT1BR/5-HTT antagonists, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) activation inhibitor peptide I (EPI) and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) inhibitor sodium dichloroacetate (DCA) were used to explore the mechanism by which 5-HT induce decrease in PASMC apoptosis. RESULTS: PASMCs stimulated by 5-HT showed an increase in proliferation and a decrease in apoptosis, accompanied by increase in pERK1/2, PDK, and mitochondrial transmembrane potential. The effects of 5-HT on the proliferation and apoptosis of PASMCs were similar to those of 5-HT1BR agonists and were markedly prevented by 5-HT1BR antagonist, 5-HTT antagonist, combined 5-HT1BR/5-HTT antagonists, EPI, or DCA. CONCLUSIONS: 5-HT inhibits PASMC apoptosis through 5-HT1BR or 5-HTT. pERK1/2 and PDK are involved in the process of 5-HT inhibition PASMC apoptosis through 5-HT1BR or 5-HTT.

A Disintegrin and Metalloprotease with Thrombospondin Motif 2 May Contribute to Cirrhosis in Humans through the Transforming Growth Factor-beta/SMAD Pathway

BACKGROUND/AIMS: We aimed to investigate the correlation between a disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin motif 2 (ADAMTS-2) and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) in clinical human cirrhotic tissues. METHODS: The liver tissues of 24 patients (16 cases with cirrhotic portal hypertension as the cirrhosis group and eight cases with healthy livers as the normal group) were collected. Immunohistochemistry and Western blots were performed to evaluate the protein expression levels of ADAMTS-2 and TGF-beta1. Western blots for other key mediators of cirrhotic progression, including SMAD2, SMAD3, TGF-beta receptor II (TGFbetaRII), matrix metalloproteinases 2 (MMP2), and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases 2 (TIMP2), were also performed. RESULTS: Cirrhotic tissues showed higher percentages of collagen. The protein expression levels of ADAMTS-2 and TGF-beta1 were significantly higher in the cirrhotic group as compared to the matched normal group (p<0.05), and there was a positive correlation between these two proteins (r=0.862, p<0.01). The protein expressions of MMP2, TIMP2, and TGFbetaRII, as well as the phosphorylated forms of SMAD2 and SMAD3, were significant higher in the cirrhotic group (p<0.01 or p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggested that ADAMTS-2 and TGF-beta1 may play important roles in the pathogenesis of human cirrhosis; specifically, TGF-beta1 may induce the expression of ADAMTS-2 through the TGFbeta/SMAD pathway.

[Effect of different polishing time on microleakage of resin composite restorations].

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of different polishing time on microleakage of different resin composite restorations (Filtek Z350 and Filtek Z250). METHODS: Standardized preparation (the box-type cavities, 3 mm in length and width,2 mm in depth) was performed at the cemento-enamel junction on buccal surface of 80 premolars.They were randomly divided into two groups,and restored with composite resin(Filtek Z350 or Filtek Z250). According to polishing time, the specimens of each group were randomly classified into four subgroups. They were the subgroups of no polishing, polishing immediately after restoring, polishing after 10 minutes and polishing after 24 hours. All of the restorations were polished with Sof-lex discs. After thermal circulation and soaked for 24 hours in 2% methyl blue solution, the specimens were cut through the midline of the restoration, the microleakage at the occlusal margin and the gingival margin were observed under a stereomicroscope and the leakage depth was measured with Spot version 4.6 software package. The microleakage degree and microleakage depth of different groups were analyzed with SPSS 17.0 software package for Mann -Whitney U test and Kruskal -Wallis test. RESULTS: The microleakage depth of Filtek Z350 groups were(0.655±0.486)mm,(0.626±0.497)mm,(0.648±0.370)mm and (0.639±0.453)mm,respectively. The microleakage depths of Filtek Z250 groups were (0.785±0.553)mm,(0.763±0.491)mm,±0.749±0.608)mm and (0.715±0.588)mm,respectively. No significant differences (P>0.05) of microleakage was found among the different groups and subgroups. CONCLUSION: The polishing system of Sof-lex discs have no significant influence on microleakage of resin composite restorations at different polishing time.

[Analysis of canal morphology of mandibular first premolar].

PURPOSE: To investigate the canal morphology of bilateral mandibular first premolar using cone-beam CT(CBCT). METHODS: Ninety-seven CBCT images of bilateral mandibular first premolar were selected . The images were analyzed with NNT software for the number and morphology of canal, groove, position of bifurcation and symmetry of bilateral canal classification. RESULTS: The canal configuration of mandibular first premolar was type I:83.5%, type III:3.6%, type v:8.8% and C-shaped canal:4.1% by Vertucci's classification.The incidence of groove in complicated canal (75%)was obviously higher than single canal (3.7%). 56.3% of complicated canal bifurcated in middle third, and 31.3% in apical third. 93.8% of mandibular first premolar had bilateral canal symmetry, the symmetry rate of single canal(95.2%) was higher than complicated canal (66.7%). CONCLUSIONS: CBCT can provide accurate information of canal system, the canal anatomy of mandibular first premolar is complex.

[Analysis of interappointment flare-ups after root canal preparation with Mtwo NiTi rotary system].

PURPOSE: To study the interappointment flare-ups after root canal preparation with Mtwo NiTi rotary system and explore the influence factors. METHODS: Ninty-seven pulp cases caused by caries or invisible cracks which consisted of 37 males and 60 females,16 to 62 years old were selected and divided into 2 groups randomly. One group was treated with Mtwo NiTi rotary system while the other was treated with K file, the interappointment flare-ups after root canal preparation was compared between the 2 groups. The data were subjected to Mann-Whitney U test and X(2) test with SPSS13.0 software package. RESULTS: Less flare-ups occurred in the group of root canal preparation with NiTi rotary system, the difference was statistically significant (P=0.027). CONCLUSIONS: Root canal preparation with Mtwo NiTi rotary system could decrease the flare-ups after root canal therapy.

[Clinical study on prevention root absorption after teeth replantation with Vitapex paste].

PURPOSE: To evaluate the result of using Vitapex paste for preventing root absorption after replanting the avulsed teeth. METHODS: Thirty patients with 36 avulsed upper anterior teeth with fully developed apices within 5 hours of trauma were enrolled in this study. For each case, the tooth and its alveolar site were irrigated with 0.9%NaCl, then the tooth was put into its original site and fixed with steel wires and composite resin. Two weeks later,the involved teeth underwent pulpectomy and were randomly divided into two groups. Ca(OH)2 paste was used for temporary root canal filling in group A, and Vitapex paste in group B. The patients were asked to recall every three months, X-ray film was taken to evaluate root absorption and the same temporary root canal filling material was replaced. The permanent root canal filling was performed about one and a half years after treatment when root absorption stopped. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS12.0 software package. RESULT: The success rate of two groups was not significantly different, though which was a little higher one year after treatment in group A than group B (88.9% vs. 83.3%). Vitapex paste had the benefits of both Ca(OH)2 and iodoform. The radiopaque of iodoform made Vitapex paste observed easily for the status of filling or absorption. CONCLUSIONS: The injection style of Vitapex paste makes it easily being manipulated. Vitapex paste is an ideal material for preventing root absorption of replanted avulsed teeth. Supported by Research Fund of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (Grant No. 08DZ2271100).

[Evaluation of X-ray beam angulation for successful four canals identification in the mandibular first molars].

PURPOSE: This study was aimed to determine the most effective horizontal beam angulation to identify 4 canals in the mandibular first molars, so as to provide full and accurate information for the clinic. METHODS: One hundred and twenty mandibular first molars with four canals that needed endodontic treatment in vivo were selected. Radiographs were taken at horizontal angles of 0,10,20 degrees from distal direction and 0,10,20,30 degrees from mesial direction of the tooth. The numbers of root canal and the degree of resolution were identified and recorded by 3 independent observers. Data were analyzed using SPSS10.0 software package or Chi-square test. RESULTS: At 30 and 20 degrees from mesial direction, 93.3% and 90.0% of all the 120 teeth were correctly identified as 4 canals, compared with 0 degree of 40.0%(P<0.01). Of them, 71.5% and 89.7% could be classified as with high resolution, respectively. The latter was not significantly lower than 0 degree of 95.0% (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Twenty degrees from mesial direction is the most effective X-ray beam angle in diagnosing 4 canals of the first mandibular molars. Supported by Research Fund of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (Grant No.08DZ2271100).

[Comparison of three kinds of root canal disinfection medications in treatment of chronic apical periodontitis with fistula].

PURPOSE: To evaluate Vitapex paste, calcium hydroxide paste and paper points of povidone iodine as medications of root canal disinfection and their abilities of pain control in treatment of chronic apical periodontitis with fistula. METHODS: A total of 90 patients of chronic apical periodontitis with fistula were randomly assigned to 3 groups,30 patients in each group. After regular root canal preparation, group 1 was given Vitapex paste, group 2 was given calcium hydroxide paste, and group 3 was given paper points of povidone iodine as medications of root canal disinfection. Visual analogue scales of pain were given to the patients and method of filling the scale was also introduced to them at the same time. The scales were taken back one week later. Both the data of the scales and the effects of root canal disinfection were recorded and analyzed. All statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 17.0 software package. RESULTS: The effect of root canal disinfection had no significant difference among the three groups. Group 1 achieved better result of pain control than the others. CONCLUSIONS: The three root canal disinfection medications are effective in treatment of chronic apical periodontitis with fistula. Vitapex paste is better for controlling the pain after root canal preparation than culcium hydroxide and paper points of povidone iodine.

[Clinical effect of three kinds of rotary nickel-titanium instruments on root canal preparation of molars].

PURPOSE: To evaluate three kinds of nickel-titanium instruments applied to molar root canal preparation. METHODS: A total of 90 molars treated by root canal therapy were randomly assigned to three groups: ProTaper group. K3 group and Mtwo group. Crown-down technique was used in ProTaper and K3 group, while Mtwo group was treated with routine preparation technique. All teeth in 3 groups were filled by lateral condensation technique. Treatment effect of 3 groups was evaluated according to pre- and post-operative X-ray films. Wearing and tearing degree of equipment, preparation time and postoperative complications incidence of 3 groups were also compared. All statistical analysis was performed using SAS9.0 software package. Data of root canal curvatures and preparation time was compared using t test; the incidence of complications of root canal treatment and postoperative pain was analyzed using Chi-square test. RESULTS: In three groups, root canals had no deviation or no ledge, could maintain the root canal anatomy in early form, and achieved good preparation results. In this study, four ProTapers, three K3s and one Mtwo instrument were fractured. The average root canal preparation time of the Mtwo group was 3.94 min, significantly less than the ProTaper (4.71 min) group and the K3(4.58 min) group. CONCLUSIONS: Three rotary nickel-titanium systems tested in this study are effective in the molar root canal preparation. The Mtwo instrument is much easier and faster during preparation with routine preparation technique.Supported by Research Fund of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(Grant No.08DZ2271100).

[Prevention of endodontic interappointment emergencies after one-visit root canal therapy on deciduous teeth with METAPEX].

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical effect of calcium hydroxide-iodoform (METAPEX) in one-visit root canal therapy on deciduous teeth and the prevention of endodontic interappointment emergencies (EIAE). METHODS: Two hundred and thirty-eight deciduous anterior and molar teeth from 178 patients were randomly divided into two groups treated with one-visit root canal therapy of METAPEX (experimental group) and zinc oxide eugenol paste (control group). The data was analyzed by Chi-square text with the SPSS14.0 software package. RESULTS: The rate of EIAE after one-visit root canal therapy in the experimental group was significantly lower than in the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The METAPEX could reduce the occurrence rate of EIAE in the one-visit root canal therapy on deciduous teeth.