Lack of assocation of glutathione S-transferase T1 gene null and susceptibility to lung cancer in china: a meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Variation in metabolic genes is regarded as an important factor in processes leading to cancer. However, the effect of GSTT1 null genotype is divergent in the form of lung cancer. METHODS: Studies were conducted at different research databases from 1990 to 2013 and the total odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated for lung cancer. Review Manager 5.2 and STATE 12 are employed. RESULTS: Total OR value is calculated from 17 articles with 2,118 cases and 2,915 controls. We discovered no significant increase in lung cancer risk among subjects carrying GSTT1 null genotype [OR = 1.15; 95% CI 0.97-1.36] in this meta- analysis. CONCLUSION: The GSTT1 deletion polymorphism does not have a significant effect on the susceptibility to lung cancer overall in China.

[The study of an animal model in rabbits with the early primary hyperparathyroidism].

OBJECTIVE: to study the biochemistry of blood and feature of pathology of an animal model in rabbits with the early primary hyperparathyroidism(PHPT). METHODS: 60 rabbits were divided into six groups of 10 each and fed a control diet (Ca:P, 1:0.7) or a high-phosphate diet (Ca:P, 1:7) for 1-, 2- or 3-month intervals. Compared with the control animals, serum PTH levels, serum calcium levels and serum phosphorus levels were determined. The parathyroid and kidneys of all animals were performed by the histologic examination. RESULTS: compared with the control animals, serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels were elevated at 1-, 2-, 3-month intervals in experimental group (t = -7.665, t = -16.033, t = 12.877 respective, P < 0.05), whereas serum calcium levels were decreased at all three time intervals (t = 6.184, t = 9.329, t = 13.842, respective, P < 0.05), but serum phosphorus levels did not change (t = 0.611, t = 1.041, t = 1.941, respective, P > 0.05). Parathyroid histopathologic studies demonstrated no change at 1 month whereas six of ten experimental animals showed mild hyperplasia at 2 months and nine of ten showed mild to moderate hyperplasia with gland enlargement at 3 months compared with control animals. Histopathologic examination of the kidneys showed no change at 1 month but focal parenchymal inflammation with calcium deposition at 2- and 3-month in the experimental groups. CONCLUSION: the high-phosphate diet successfully induced an animal model in rabbits with the early primary hyperparathyroidism, which has a better stability and reproducibility.

Solitary pulmonary nodules: comparison of multi-slice computed tomography perfusion study with vascular endothelial growth factor and microvessel density.

BACKGROUND: The solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN) is one of the most common findings on chest radiographs. The objectives of clinical practice are to differentiate malignant nodules from benign nodules in the least invasive way and to make a specific diagnosis. This study was aimed to evaluate the correlation between perfusion imaging features and microvessel density (MVD) and vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) in SPNs using multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT); and to provide the theoretical basis for SPN blood flow pattern and blood flow quantitative features. Also, the study called for the discussion of the method's clinical application value in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant SPNs. METHODS: Sixty-eight patients with SPN underwent multi-location dynamic contrast enhanced (nonionic contrast material was administrated via the antecubital vein at a rate of 4 ml/s) MSCT. Precontrast and postcontrast attenuations on every scan was studied. Perfusion, peak height, and the ratio of the peak height of the SPN to that of the aorta were analyzed. Perfusion was calculated using the maximum gradient of the time-density curves (TDC) and the peak height of the aorta. The quantitative parameters (perfusion, peak height, ratio of peak height of the SPN to that of the aorta) of the blood flow pattern were compared with MVD and the VEGF expression of immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The perfusion peak heights of malignant ((96.15 +/- 11.55) HU) and inflammatory ((101.15 +/- 8.41) HU) SPNs were significantly higher than those of benign ((47.24 +/- 9.15) HU) SPNs (P < 0.05, P < 0.05). Ratios of SPN-to-aorta of malignant and inflammatory SPNs were significantly higher than those of benign SPNs (P < 0.05, P < 0.05). No significant differences were found between the peak height and SPN-to-aorta ratio of malignant SPNs and inflammatory SPNs (P > 0.05, P > 0.05). The precontrast densities of inflammatory SPNs were lower than those of malignant SPNs (P < 0.05). Perfusion values of malignant and inflammatory SPNs were significantly higher than those of the benign SPNs (P < 0.05, P < 0.05). The VEGF positive expressions appeared in 32 patients with malignant SPNs and 2 patients with benign SPNs, and the average value of the MVD was higher in patients with malignant SPNs (36.88 +/- 6.76) than in patients with either benign (4.51 +/- 0.60) or inflammatory (26.11 +/- 5.43) SPNs (P < 0.05, P < 0.05). There were statistically significant correlations between the CT perfusion feature and the MVD. The highest correlation was between the peak height of SPN and the MVD (r = 0.657, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Tumor microvessel density and VEGF expression facilitate the exploration of the pathophysiological basis of CT perfusion in SPNs. Multi-slice CT perfusion has shown strong positive correlations with angiogenesis in SPNs.

Peripheral lung cancer: relationship between multi-slice spiral CT perfusion imaging and tumor angiogenesis and cyclin D1 expression.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between 16-slice spiral CT perfusion imaging and tumor angiogenesis and cyclin D1 expression in patients with peripheral lung cancer. Fifty-eight patients with peripheral lung cancer underwent 16-slice spiral CT perfusion imaging. The CT perfusion imaging was analyzed for time density curve (TDC), perfusion parametric maps, and the respective perfusion parameters. Correlation between the respective perfusion parameters and immunohistochemical findings of microvessel density measurement and cyclin D1 expression was evaluated.

[Role of 16 slices spiral CT angiography with 3-dimensional CT and CT virtual endoscopy in detecting blood supply of lung carcinoma].

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Angiography, a common method in evaluating blood supply of lung carcinoma, is invasive and complicated, with low success rate for bronchial artery, and could not assure to show all supply blood vessels at a time. This study was to explore clinical value of 16 slices spiral CT angiography with 3-dimensional CT (3DCT) and CT virtual endoscopy (CTVE) in diagnosing and evaluating supply blood vessels and blood supply of lung carcinoma, so as to find a non-invasive, safe, simple and effective method in diagnosing blood supply of lung carcinoma. METHODS: A total of 72 patients with pathologically proved lung carcinoma underwent 16 slices spiral CT angiography with 3DCT. Volume rendering (VR), maximum intensity projection (MIP), and surface shaded display (SSD) of supply blood vessels of lung carcinoma were used as 3DCT models. CTVE of bronchial artery was performed in 25 patients. Color VR of tumor lesion was performed in all patients. RESULTS: Supply blood vessels were showed in 68 patients, 59 of them showed only bronchial artery, 5 showed intercostals arteries, and 4 showed mixed types, including bronchial artery, intercostals arteries, or branch arteries of subclavian artery. The bronchial artery entered into enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes in 4 patients. CTVE well displayed the orifice and lumen of bronchial arteries in the 25 patients. The extent of red color of tumor lesion on VR color image were divided into 4 types: no color (n=11), light red (n=17), moderate red (n=32), and heavy red (n=12); the added CT values of tumor lesion after enhanced CT were (6.16+/-2.23) Hu, (15.71+/-3.13) Hu, (25.47+/-2.71) Hu, and (44.31+/-19.68) Hu, respectively. The corresponding rate between enhanced type and distributive type of red color on color VR was 86.1%. CONCLUSIONS: The 16 slices spiral CT angiography with 3DCT and CTVE could show clearly supply blood vessels and blood supply of lung carcinoma. It is a non-invasive, simple and effective method in evaluating and diagnosing blood supply of lung carcinoma.

Bone diseases in rabbits with hyperparathyroidism: computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and histopathology.

BACKGROUND: Hyperparathyroidism (HPT) occurs at an early age and has a high disability rate. Unfortunately, confirmed diagnosis in most patients is done at a very late stage, when the patients have shown typical symptoms and signs, and when treatment does not produce any desirable effect. It has become urgent to find a method that would detect early bone diseases in HPT to obtain time for the ideal treatment. This study evaluated the accuracy of high field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) combined with spiral computed tomography (SCT) scan in detecting early bone diseases in HPT, through imaging techniques and histopathological examinations on an animal model of HPT. METHODS: Eighty adult rabbits were randomly divided into two groups with forty in each. The control group was fed normal diet (Ca:P = 1:0.7); the experimental group was fed high phosphate diet (Ca:P = 1:7) for 3, 4, 5, or 6-month intervals to establish the animal model of HPT. The staging and imaging findings of the early bone diseases in HPT were determined by high field MRI and SCT scan at the 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th month. Each rabbit was sacrificed after high field MRI and SCT scan, and the parathyroid and bones were removed for pathological examination to evaluate the accuracy of imaging diagnosis. RESULTS: Parathyroid histopathological studies revealed hyperplasia, osteoporosis and early cortical bone resorption. The bone diseases in HPT displayed different levels of low signal intensity on T(1)WI and low to intermediate signal intensity on T(2)WI in bone of stage 0, I, II or III, but showed correspondingly absent, probable, osteoporotic and subperiosteal cortical resorption on SCT scan. CONCLUSION: High field MRI combined with SCT scan not only detects early bone diseases in HPT, but also indicates staging, and might be a reliable method of studying early bone diseases in HPT.

Multiphase hepatic scans with multirow-detector helical CT in detection of hypervascular hepatocellular carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Multirow-detector helical CT (MDCT) allows faster Z-axis coverage and improves longitudinal resolution to scan the entire liver. This study was to evaluate the value of multiphase hepatic CT scans using MDCT in diagnosing hypervascular hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: Multiphase hepatic CT scans in 40 patients were carried out with a Marconi Mx8000 MDCT scanner. The scans of early arterial phase (EAP), late arterial phase (LAP) and portal venous phase (PVP) were started at 21, 34 and 85 seconds after injection of contrast medium, respectively. The number of detected lesions was calculated in each phase. The density of the liver and tumor was greater than 1 cm for HCC, and the density of the liver and tumor in each phase was statistically calculated. RESULTS: A total of 61 lesions were found in the 40 patients, and lesions greater than 1 cm were seen in 47 cases. The density differences between the liver and tumor were statistically significant (P<0.05) at the LAP and EAP and between the LAP, EAP and PVP. In the 61 lesions, the detectability in the EAP, LAP and the double arterial phases (DAP) was 32%, 87%, and 94%, respectively. Significant difference was found between the LAP plus PVP and the EAP plus PVP; but no significant difference was observed between the DAP plus PVP and the LAP plus PVP. CONCLUSIONS: The utility of MDCT scan in the liver has optimized the protocol of arterial phase scan. MDCT is possible to scan the entire liver in a real arterial phase and it is very valuable in the detection of small HCC.