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1.
Mol Cells ; 46(6): 329-336, 2023 Jun 30.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36799103

ABSTRACT

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) serve as secondary messengers that regulate various developmental and signal transduction processes, with ROS primarily generated by NADPH OXIDASEs (referred to as RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOGs [RBOHs] in plants). However, the types and locations of ROS produced by RBOHs are different from those expected to mediate intracellular signaling. RBOHs produce O2•- rather than H2O2 which is relatively long-lived and able to diffuse through membranes, and this production occurs outside the cell instead of in the cytoplasm, where signaling cascades occur. A widely accepted model explaining this discrepancy proposes that RBOH-produced extracellular O2•- is converted to H2O2 by superoxide dismutase and then imported by aquaporins to reach its cytoplasmic targets. However, this model does not explain how the specificity of ROS targeting is ensured while minimizing unnecessary damage during the bulk translocation of extracellular ROS (eROS). An increasing number of studies have provided clues about eROS action mechanisms, revealing various mechanisms for eROS perception in the apoplast, crosstalk between eROS and reactive nitrogen species, and the contribution of intracellular organelles to cytoplasmic ROS bursts. In this review, we summarize these recent advances, highlight the mechanisms underlying eROS action, and provide an overview of the routes by which eROS-induced changes reach the intracellular space.


Subject(s)
Hydrogen Peroxide , Plants , Reactive Oxygen Species , Plants/metabolism , Signal Transduction , NADPH Oxidases/metabolism
2.
Work ; 76(1): 135-145, 2023.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36463479

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The use of home delivery services has expanded due to coronavirus disease - 2019, and couriers' high level of work intensity has become a severe social issue in various nations. OBJECTIVE: This study investigates the risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) caused by frequent loading and unloading actions, known to be the most demanding tasks for couriers. METHODS: A self-report survey and post-hoc interview were employed to collect personal information, task frequency, and the incidence of MSDs. Frequent actions during loading and unloading packages were identified, and the Rapid Entry Body Assessment (REBA) and National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) lifting equations were assessed. RESULTS: Approximately 29.5% of the 44 subjects suffered from MSDs, and identify the types of actions that frequently occur during loading and unloading packages. According to the REBA survey, 60% of the responses for both loading and unloading are distributed within the risk range of 8-13 points, suggesting a high risk (mean REBA score: 8.8 (loading), 8.5 (unloading)). In every case, NIOSH determined that the lifting index (LI) was harmful (mean LI: 1.62). Thereby, the bending or twisting posture of the hands and neck, long horizontal distance between the packages and the body, and high lifting frequency were identified as major problems. CONCLUSION: The study identified a very high level of musculoskeletal risk for couriers, and the detailed working methods and body parts vulnerable to MSDs.


Subject(s)
Musculoskeletal Diseases , Occupational Diseases , Occupational Health , Humans , Occupational Diseases/epidemiology , Occupational Diseases/etiology , Musculoskeletal Diseases/etiology , Musculoskeletal Diseases/complications , Risk Factors , Upper Extremity
3.
Plant Sci ; 317: 111192, 2022 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35193741

ABSTRACT

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play essential roles as a second messenger in various physiological processes in plants. Due to their oxidative nature, ROS can also be harmful. Thus, the generation and homeostasis of ROS are tightly controlled by multiple enzymes. Membrane-localized NADPH oxidases are well known to generate ROS during developmental and stress responses, but the metabolic pathways of the superoxide (O2-) generated by them in the apoplast are poorly understood, and the identity of the apoplastic superoxide dismutase (SOD) is unknown in Arabidopsis. Here, we show that a putative manganese SOD, MSD2 is secreted and possesses a SOD activity that can be inhibited by nitration at tyrosine 68. The expression of MSD2 in roots is light condition-dependent, suggesting that MSD2 may act on ROS metabolism in roots during the light-to-dark transition. Root architecture is governed by ROS distribution that exhibits opposite gradient of H2O2 and O2-, which is indeed altered in etiolated msd2 mutants and accompanied by changes in the onset of differentiation. These results provide a missing link in our understanding of ROS metabolism and suggest that MSD2 plays a role in root skotomorphogenesis by regulating ROS distribution, thereby playing a pivotal role in plant growth and development.


Subject(s)
Arabidopsis Proteins , Arabidopsis , Plant Roots/growth & development , Reactive Oxygen Species , Superoxide Dismutase , Arabidopsis/enzymology , Arabidopsis/genetics , Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics , Arabidopsis Proteins/metabolism , Hydrogen Peroxide/metabolism , NADPH Oxidases/genetics , NADPH Oxidases/metabolism , Plant Roots/metabolism , Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism , Superoxide Dismutase/genetics , Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism
4.
Singapore Med J ; 63(12): 731-739, 2022 12.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34911180

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Optimal intraoperative fluid management guided by central venous pressure (CVP), a traditional intravascular volume status indicator, has improved transplanted graft function during kidney transplantation (KT). Pulse pressure variation (PPV) and stroke volume variation (SVV) - dynamic preload indexes - are robust predictors of fluid responsiveness. This study aimed to compare the accuracy of PPV and CVP against SVV in predicting fluid responsiveness in terms of cost-effectiveness after a standardised empiric volume challenge in KT patients. Methods: 36 patients undergoing living-donor KT were analysed. PPV, SVV, CVP and cardiac index (CI) were measured before and after fluid loading with a hydroxyethyl starch solution (7 mL/kg of ideal body weight). Patients were classified as responders (n = 12) or non-responders (n = 24) to fluid loading when CI increases were ≥10% or <10%, respectively. The ability of PPV, SVV and CVP to predict fluid responsiveness was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results: SVV and CVP measured before fluid loading were correlated with changes in CI caused by fluid expansion (ρ = 0.33, P = 0.049 and ρ = -0.37, P = 0.026) in contrast to PPV (ρ = 0.14, P = 0.429). The ROC analysis showed that SVV and CVP predicted response to volume loading (area under the ROC curve = 0.781 and 0.727, respectively; P < 0.05). Conclusion: Under the conditions of our study, SVV and CVP exhibited similar performance in predicting fluid responsiveness and could inform fluid management during KT as compared with PPV.


Subject(s)
Kidney Transplantation , Humans , Blood Pressure , Stroke Volume/physiology , Central Venous Pressure/physiology , Fluid Therapy , ROC Curve , Hemodynamics
5.
BMC Anesthesiol ; 20(1): 114, 2020 05 14.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32408862

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Immobilization with cervical spine worsens endotracheal intubation condition. Though various intubation devices have been demonstrated to perform well in oral endotracheal intubation, limited information is available concerning nasotracheal intubation (NTI) in patients with cervical spine immobilization. The present study compared the performance of the C-MAC D-Blade videolaryngoscope with the McCoy laryngoscope for NTI in patients with simulated cervical spine injuries. METHODS: This was a prospective, randomized, controlled, study done in a tertiary hospital. Ninety-five patients requiring NTI were included in data analysis: McCoy group (group M, n = 47) or C-MAC D-Blade videolaryngoscope group (group C, n = 48). A Philadelphia neck collar was applied before anesthetic induction to immobilize the cervical spine. Single experienced anesthesiologist performed NTI. The primary outcome was duration of intubation divided by three steps: nose to oropharynx; oropharynx into glottic inlet; and glottic inlet to trachea. Secondary outcomes included glottic view as percentage of glottis opening (POGO) score and Cormack-Lehance (CL) grade, modified nasal intubation-difficulty scale (NIDS) rating, hemodynamic changes before and after intubation, and complications. RESULTS: Total intubation duration was significantly shorter in group C (39.5 ± 11.4 s) compared to group M (48.1 ± 13.9 s). Group C required significantly less time for glottic visualization and endotracheal tube placement in the trachea. More patients in group C had CL grade I and higher POGO scores (P <  0.001, for both measures). No difficulty in NTI (modified NIDS = 0) was more in group C than group M. Hemodynamic changes and incidence of complications were comparable between groups. CONCLUSION: The C-MAC D-Blade videolaryngoscope is an effective tool for NTI in a simulated difficult airway, which improves glottic visualization and shortens intubation time relative to those with McCoy laryngoscope. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical Research Information Service of the Korea National Institute of Health, Identification number: KCT 0004535, Registered December 10, 2019, Retrospectively registered, http://cris.nih.go.kr.


Subject(s)
Cervical Vertebrae/injuries , Intubation, Intratracheal/instrumentation , Laryngoscopes , Spinal Injuries/surgery , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , Video Recording
6.
Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul) ; 79(3): 184-7, 2016 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27433179

ABSTRACT

Since IgG4-related pancreatitis was first reported in 2001, IgG4-related disease has been identified in other organs such as salivary gland, gallbladder, thyroid, retroperitoneum and kidney; but lung invasion is rare. A 63-year-old man presented with hemoptysis at the pulmonary clinic and chest computed tomography revealed about 4.1 cm irregular shaped mass with spiculated margin at the left upper lobe. Despite no elevation of serum IgG4 level, he was finally diagnosed as IgG4-related lung disease by transthoracic needle biopsy. After treatment with oral glucocorticoids, hemoptysis disappeared and the size of lung mass was decreased.

7.
Ann Surg Treat Res ; 90(6): 309-14, 2016 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27274506

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has become a standard treatment of symptomatic gallstone disease. But, some patients suffer from retained common bile duct stones after LC. The aim of this study is to analyze the predicting factors associated with subsequent postoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) after LC. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed a database of every LC performed between July 2006 and September 2012. We classify 28 patients who underwent ERCP within 6 months after LC for symptomatic gallstone disease as the ERCP group and 56 patients who underwent LC for symptomatic gallstone disease during same period paired by sex, age, underlying disease, operation history, and body mass index as the control group. To identify risk factor performing postoperative ERCP after LC, we compared admission route, preoperative biochemical liver function test, number of gall stones, gallstone size, adhesion around GB, wall thickening of GB, and existence of acute cholecystitis between the 2 groups. RESULTS: Admission route, preoperative AST, ALT, and ALP, stone size, longer operation time, and acute cholecystitis were identified as risk factors of postoperative ERCP in univariate analyses. But, longer operation time (P = 0.004) and acute cholecystitis (P = 0.048) were identified as independent risk factors of postoperative ERCP in multivariate analyses. CONCLUSION: The patient who underwent ERCP after LC for symptomatic gallstone disease are more likely experienced longer operation time and acute cholecystitis than the patient who did not undergo ERCP after LC.

8.
J Cell Biol ; 210(3): 451-70, 2015 Aug 03.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26216899

ABSTRACT

Dynamin-like GTPases of the atlastin family are thought to mediate homotypic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane fusion; however, the underlying mechanism remains largely unclear. Here, we developed a simple and quantitative in vitro assay using isolated yeast microsomes for measuring yeast atlastin Sey1p-dependent ER fusion. Using this assay, we found that the ER SNAREs Sec22p and Sec20p were required for Sey1p-mediated ER fusion. Consistently, ER fusion was significantly reduced by inhibition of Sec18p and Sec17p, which regulate SNARE-mediated membrane fusion. The involvement of SNAREs in Sey1p-dependent ER fusion was further supported by the physical interaction of Sey1p with Sec22p and Ufe1p, another ER SNARE. Furthermore, our estimation of the concentration of Sey1p on isolated microsomes, together with the lack of fusion between Sey1p proteoliposomes even with a 25-fold excess of the physiological concentration of Sey1p, suggests that Sey1p requires additional factors to support ER fusion in vivo. Collectively, our data strongly suggest that SNARE-mediated membrane fusion is involved in atlastin-initiated homotypic ER fusion.


Subject(s)
Endoplasmic Reticulum/metabolism , GTP Phosphohydrolases/metabolism , Membrane Fusion/physiology , SNARE Proteins/metabolism , Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/metabolism , Vesicular Transport Proteins/metabolism , Adenosine Triphosphatases/antagonists & inhibitors , Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism , Microsomes/metabolism , Proteolipids/metabolism , Qa-SNARE Proteins/metabolism , Qb-SNARE Proteins/metabolism , R-SNARE Proteins/metabolism , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolism , Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors , Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/genetics , Soluble N-Ethylmaleimide-Sensitive Factor Attachment Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors , Vesicular Transport Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors , Vesicular Transport Proteins/genetics
9.
ACS Med Chem Lett ; 5(9): 999-1004, 2014 Sep 11.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25221656

ABSTRACT

For a development of broad spectrum antidepressant 3-aminoazetidine derivatives, two series of compounds were explored by bioisosteric modification of 3-α-oxyazetidine. We synthesized 166 novel 3-aminoazetidine derivatives in series A and B, starting from Boc-protected 3-azetidinone (3) and Boc-protected 3-azetidinal (9) respectively, through parallel syntheses. The inhibitory reuptake activities against serotonin (5-HT), norepinephrine (NE), and dopamine (DA) neurotransmitters were measured by the Neurotransmitter Transporter Uptake Assay Kit using the human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells stably transfected with the respective three kinds of human transporters (hSERT, hNET, and hDAT). Our study aimed to identify compounds having relative inhibitory activities against hSERT > hNET > hDAT. Lead optimization including microsomal stability, CYP, hERG assay, Ames test, BBB, and PK study resulted in the identification of compound 10dl as a candidate for further studies.

10.
Bioorg Med Chem Lett ; 24(15): 3234-7, 2014 Aug 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24974340
11.
J Med Chem ; 55(18): 8188-92, 2012 Sep 27.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22938049

ABSTRACT

Novel azetidines based on the 3-aryl-3-oxypropylamine scaffold were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as TRIs. Reduction of 1 followed by Swern oxidation and then Grignard reaction gave 3. The alkylation of 3 provided the corresponding azetidine derivatives 6, of which the two most promising, 6bd and 6be, were selected from 86 prepared analogues based on their biological profiles. Compound 6be showed activity in vivo in FST at 10 mg/kg IV or 20-40 mg/kg PO.


Subject(s)
Antidepressive Agents/chemistry , Antidepressive Agents/pharmacology , Azetidines/chemistry , Azetidines/pharmacology , Drug Design , Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors/chemistry , Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors/pharmacology , Animals , Antidepressive Agents/chemical synthesis , Antidepressive Agents/pharmacokinetics , Azetidines/chemical synthesis , Azetidines/pharmacokinetics , Behavior, Animal/drug effects , HEK293 Cells , Humans , Inhibitory Concentration 50 , Mice , Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors/chemical synthesis , Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors/pharmacokinetics
12.
J Comb Chem ; 12(4): 518-30, 2010 Jul 12.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20450201

ABSTRACT

We have developed combinatorial libraries of new 2-alkylimino-1,3-thiazolines with four diversity points, consisting of more than 500 compounds, in a parallel synthetic fashion. The synthetic strategy was based on the construction of a large library aimed at the discovery of new compounds with T-type calcium channel inhibitory activity through structure modifications of hit compound 2. The syntheses of the compounds of Chemset A with four diversity points were accomplished by the condensation of thioureas 5 with alpha-haloketones 6{1-66} having two diversity points each. A library of phthalimidyl 1,3-thiazolines 24 was synthesized to provide Chemset B, which allowed the introduction of other diversity points through the nucleophilic character of the amino nitrogen. A sublibrary, Chemset C, was constructed from the libraries of Chemset A and Chemset B by functionalization of the C-4 position of the 1,3-thiazoline ring. The products containing ester or acid groups at the C-4 position of the 1,3-thiazoline ring were used in amide synthesis to give a new sublibrary within Chemset C. Deprotection of the phthalimidyl moiety of 24 followed by the reaction with benzoyl chloride gave the corresponding sublibrary in Chemset C. Another sublibrary which includes secondary amino derivatives was obtained by reduction of the amide moiety or reductive amination of 23 with phenyl aldehyde. The selected compounds from the generated libraries were evaluated with respect to inhibition of T-type calcium channels, where some of them have exhibited promising activity.


Subject(s)
Calcium Channels, T-Type/metabolism , Imines/chemical synthesis , Imines/pharmacology , Thiazoles/chemical synthesis , Thiazoles/pharmacology , Combinatorial Chemistry Techniques , Crystallography, X-Ray , Imines/chemistry , Models, Molecular , Molecular Structure , Small Molecule Libraries , Stereoisomerism , Thiazoles/chemistry
13.
Respirology ; 14(6): 850-8, 2009 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19703066

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer death in men and women worldwide. The mechanism of cell death induced by CAY10404, a highly selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, was evaluated in three non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines (H460, H358, H1703). METHODS: To measure the effects of CAY10404 on proliferation of NSCLC cells, 3 x 10(3) cells/well were plated in 96-well plates and allowed to adhere overnight at 37 degrees C. After treatment with CAY10404 for 3 days, cell proliferation was measured by the 3- (4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. In the H460 NSCLC cells, evidence of apoptosis was sought using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate (dUTP) nick end labelling (TUNEL) assay and western blot analysis. RESULTS: Treatment with CAY10404 in the range of 10-100 microM caused dose-dependent growth inhibition, with an average 50% inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) of 60-100 micromol/L, depending on the cell line. Western blot analysis of CAY10404-treated cells showed cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and procaspase-3, signifying caspase activity and apoptotic cell death. CAY10404 treatment inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt, glycogen synthase kinase-3beta and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 in H460 and H358 cells. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that CAY10404 is a potent inducer of apoptosis in NSCLC cells, and that it may act by suppressing multiple protein kinase B/Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways.


Subject(s)
Apoptosis/drug effects , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/metabolism , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology , Isoxazoles/pharmacology , Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases/metabolism , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism , Signal Transduction/drug effects , Sulfones/pharmacology , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Cell Survival/drug effects , Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors/pharmacology , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Humans , Lung Neoplasms/metabolism , Lung Neoplasms/pathology , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism
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