[Ecological Effects of Algae Blooms Cluster: The Impact on Chlorophyll and Photosynthesis of the Water Hyacinth].

The response of chlorophyll and photosynthesis of water hyacinth leaves in different concentrations of clustered algae cells was studied in the simulation experiment, and the aim was to reveal the mechanism of the death of aquatic plants during algae blooms occurred through studying the physiological changes of the macrophytes, so as to play the full function of the ecological restoration of the plants. And results showed the dissolved oxygen quickly consumed in root zone of aquatic plants after algae blooms gathered and showed the lack of oxygen (DO < 0.2 g x L(-1)); and the ORP was lower than -100 mV after 1 d, and it declined to -200 mV at the end of the experiment. There were lots of nutrients releasing to the water after the algae cell died and concentration of DTN in treatment 1 and 2 were 44.49 mg x L(-1) and 111.32 mg x L(-1), and the content of DTP were 2.57 mg x L(-1) and 9.10 mg x L(-1), respectively. The NH4+ -N concentrations were as high as 32.99 mg x L(-1) and 51.22 mg x L(-1), and the root zone with the anoxia, strong reducing, higher nutrients environment had a serious stress effects to the aquatic plants. The macrophytes photosynthesis reduced quickly and the plant body damaged with the intimidation of higher NH4+ -N concentration (average content was 45.6 mg x L(-1)) and hypoxia after algae cell decomposed. The average net photosynthesis rate, leaf transpiration rate of the treatment 2 reduced to 3.95 micromol (M2 x S)(-1), 0.088 micromol x (m2 x s)(-1), and only were 0.18 times, 0.11 times of the control group, respectively, at the end of the experiment, the control group were 22 micromol x (m2 x s)(-1), 0.78 micromol x (M2 x s)(-1). Results indicated the algae bloom together had the irreversible damage to the aquatic plants. Also it was found large amounts of new roots and the old roots were dead in the treatment 1, but roots were all died in the treatment 2, and leaves were yellow and withered. Experiment results manifested that the serious environment caused by the algae blooms together was the main reason of the death of aquatic plants during the summer. So in the practice of ecological restoration, it should avoid the harm to the plant after the algae bloom cells gathered and decomposed, so as to play the purification function of the plant in the ecological rehabilitation project.

[Impacts of algal blooms accumulation on physiological ecology of water hyacinth].

Blue-green algae bloom will consume plenty of dissolved oxygen in water, which affects the growth of aquatic plants. The effects of water hyacinth growth and physiological response changes under 25 degrees C, 5 different concentrations of cyanobacteria gathered were studied and which would provide a theoretical basis to mitigate adverse impacts and improve water purification effect. The results showed that water quality indexes including dissolved oxygen (DO), pH dropped in algae density below 60 g x L(-1), with the increase of algae density. And the level of oxidation-reduction potential dropped to about 100 mV. The removal rates of TN, TP and COD were 58%-78%, 43%-68% and 59%-73%, leaf soluble protein, soluble sugar, MDA contents increased, respectively; and the MDA content became higher with the increase of algae density. It indicated that the water hyacinth could adapt to the adversity condition as algae density less than 60 g x L(-1). While algae density above 60 g x L(-1), water quality indexes significantly decreased, respectively and the water was in hypoxia or anoxia conditions. Plant leaves soluble sugar contents had a change trend of low-high-low. It indicated that the removal rates of TN, TP decreased with the increase of algae density and water hyacinth had irreversible stress. Plant root length, total length, fresh weight in different treatments, increased compared with the beginning of the experiment, the increase of root length, total length and fresh weight were 0.29-2.44 times, 0.41-0.76 times and 0.9-1.43 times. The increase of root length, total length decreased with the increase of algae density. According to the results, the cyanobacteria should avoid of excessive accumulation as using the floating plant to purify the water.

[Impacts of Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms stress on the growth characteristics, microcystins and nutrients release of Microcystis aeruginosa].

Due to the large-scale application of Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms on the bioremediation of eutrophic lake in China, the influence of growth, physiological characteristics, microcystins production and release of M. aeruginosa by E. crassipes was investigated. Meanwhile, the release risk of nutrients from M. aeruginosa and the accumulation risk of microcystins in E. crassipe were explored through semi-continuous co-existence experiments. Our results indicated that M. aeruginosa was promoted by E. crassipes to undergo the cell death. Under the stress of E. crassipes, direct damage of phycocyanin and phycocyanin/allophycocyanin ratio in M. aeruginosa occurred, while the photosystem II-Hill reaction in M. aeruginosa was not interrupted. The PC/APC levels in the treatment of 10% and 20% water exchange rate were respectively decreased to 54.93% +/- 7.07% and 55.81% +/- 1.97% of the level in their relative controls after 8 days. Then, the final significant decrease of specific superoxide dismutase activity and the striking elevation of malondialdehyde content in M. aeruginosa could be the results of oxidative damage by E. crassipes. Algal malondialdehyde content in the treatment of 10% and 20% water exchange rate were respectively 2.95 +/- 0.074 and 2.22 +/- 0.086 times of the level in their relative controls on day 8. The release of nutrients from M. aeruginosa was accelerated because the decay and lysis of algal cells were promoted by E. crassipes. After 12-day co-existence experiments, the concentration of total dissolved nitrogen in water was brought back to the initial level and the release of total dissolved phosphorus was faster than nitrogen nutrients under the stress of E. crassipes. In addition, the microcystins production in M. aeruginosa was not stimulated and the extracellular microcystins were significantly eliminated by the influence of E. crassipes. The extracellular microcystins contents in the treatment of 10% and 20% water exchange rate were respectively decreased to 12.07 microg x L(-1) +/- 0.63 microg x L(-1) and 11.36 microg x L(-1) +/- 0.04 microg x L(-1) after 12 days. But the microcystins level in the whole plants of E. crassipes co-cultured with M. aeruginosa for 12 days was only about 5.95 ng x g(-1) +/- 0.76 ng x g(-1) FW. The increase of water exchange rate could reduce the damage of M. aeruginosa by E. crassipes, but had no significant effect on the microcystins elimination.