Risk factors for necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates: A meta-analysis.

Objective: The objective is to identify the risk factors for necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in neonates by a meta-analysis, and to provide a reference for the prevention of NEC. Methods: The databases, including Chinese Biomedical Literature Datebase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang database, and Weipu Periodical database, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, were searched for studies on the risk factors for NEC in neonates. The meta-analysis was carried out with the aid of Stata software. Results: A total of 52 studies were included, with 48 case-control studies and 4 cohort studies. There were 166,580 neonates in total, with 33,522 neonates in the case group and 133,058 neonates in the control group. The meta-analysis showed that gestational diabetes (OR = 3.62, 95% CI:1.77-7.41), premature rupture of membranes (OR = 3.81, 95% CI:1.16-12.52), low birth weight (OR = 3.00, 95% CI:2.26-3.97), small for gestational age (OR = 1.85, 95% CI:1.15-2.97), septicemia (OR = 4.34, 95% CI:3.06-6.15), blood transfusion (OR = 3.08, 95% CI:2.16-4.38), congenital heart disease (OR = 2.73, 95% CI:1.10-6.78), respiratory distress syndrome (OR = 2.12, 95% CI:1.24-3.63), premature birth (OR = 5.63, 95% CI:2.91-10.92), pneumonia (OR = 4.07, 95% CI:2.84-5.82) were risk factors for NEC in neonates. Breastfeeding (OR = 0.37, 95% CI:0.23-0.59), take probiotics (OR = 0.30, 95% CI:0.22-0.40), prenatal use of glucocorticoids (OR = 0.39, 95% CI:0.30-0.50), Hyperbilirubinemia (OR = 0.28, 95% CI:0.09-0.86) were protective factors for NEC in neonates. Conclusions: Gestational diabetes, premature rupture of membranes, low birth weight, small for gestational age, septicemia, blood transfusion, congenital heart disease, respiratory distress syndrome, premature birth, and pneumonia may increase the risk of NEC in neonates. Breastfeeding, taking probiotics, prenatal use of glucocorticoids, and Hyperbilirubinemia may reduce the risk of NEC in neonates.

Correlation between lymphatic endothelial markers and lymph node status or N-staging of colorectal cancer.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to examine the expression levels of lymphatic endothelial markers in colorectal cancer and to explore the correlation between the expression levels of markers and lymph node status. METHODS: Forty-seven paired fresh tumor tissues and para-cancerous tissues were collected from colorectal cancer patients who received surgical treatment between August 2015 and March 2016 in Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Real-time quantitative PCR (RTQ-PCR) was used to check the expression levels of LYVE-1, VEGFR-3, Podoplanin, and Prox-1 in tumor and para-cancerous tissues. RESULTS: The positive expression rates of LYVE-1, VEGFR-3, Podoplanin, and Prox-1 in tumor tissues were 100, 93.6, 100, and 91.4%, but 100, 100, 100, and 87.2% in para-cancerous tissues. Comparing with para-cancerous tissues, tumor tissues had significantly lower expression levels of LYVE-1 (P < 0.001) and VEGFR-3 (P = 0.013) and higher levels of Podoplanin (P = 0.016) and Prox-1 (P = 0.078). There was no correlation between lymph node status and the expression level of LYVE-1 in tumor tissues (P = 0.354) or par-cancerous tissues (P = 0.617); similar results were found for VEGFR-3 (P = 0.631, 0.738), Podoplanin (P = 0.490, 0.625), and Prox-1 (P = 0.503, 0.174). Meanwhile, there was no correlation between N-staging and the expression level of LYVE-1 in tumor tissues (P = 0.914) or para-cancerous tissues (P = 0.784); similar results were found for VEGFR-3 (P = 0.493, 0.955), Podoplanin (P = 0.199, 0.370), and Prox-1 (P = 0.780, 0.234). CONCLUSIONS: There was no correlation between expression levels of lymphatic endothelial markers and lymph node status; LYVE-1, VEGFR-3, Podoplanin, and Prox-1 could not be used for predicting the lymph node status or N-staging of colorectal cancer.

Correlation between premature ejaculation and redundant prepuce / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the correlation between redundant prepuce and premature ejaculation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty-two cases suffering from premature ejaculation and redundant prepuce were treated with circumcision. They were asked to fill the investigating questionnaire about the changes of ejaculatory latent period, patients' and their wives' satisfaction with sexual life before and after the treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>During 12 months after circumcision, 28 cases were cured and 11 cases were efficacious. The curative rate was 54.9% and effective rate was 76.5%. Twelve cases with no responding continued to be treated with routine methods, such as psychotherapy, daub narcotic to glans of penis and taking medicine to treat chronic prostatitis, which were used before circumcision but still no effects. During 18 months after circumcision, 4 cases were cured and 5 cases were efficacious.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Redundant prepuce had direct or indirect relationship with premature ejaculation. The circumcision is one of the effective methods to treat premature ejaculation.</p>