ABSTRACT
This paper introduces professor SUN Shen-tian's clinical thoughts and his characteristics of acupuncture techniques for the treatment of depression based on "psychosomatic medicine". Professor SUN, the master of traditional Chinese medicine, believes that depression refers to comorbidity of "heart mind" and "body", resulting from the "body-mind" disharmony, specially dominated by the emotional disorder. This disease is located in the brain, with the injury of mind and closely related to the heart and liver dysfunction. In pathogenesis, the dysfunction of brain mind and the unhealthy conditions of body and mind are involved. The treatment should focus on "regulating the mind, improving the intelligence, co-modulating the abdominal and brain functions and treating the physical and mental disorders". Baihui (GV 20), Ningshen (Extra) and emotional area on the head are selected as the main points to benefit the intelligence and calming down the mind; the abdominal region 1 and region 8 of "Sun's abdominal acupuncture" are used as the main points of the abdomen to regulate the brain functions. The point prescription is modified according to the symptoms and etiologies. The repeated transcranial acupuncture stimulation and electroacupuncture at low frequency (2 Hz) are crucial to the therapeutic effect. Reliving anxious emotions is specially considered before acupuncture, and the mind is protected and deqi is consolidated during acupuncture.
Subject(s)
Acupuncture Therapy , Acupuncture , Humans , Depression/therapy , Acupuncture Points , Acupuncture Therapy/methods , Medicine, Chinese TraditionalABSTRACT
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR),an important ionic glutamate receptor and a ligand and voltage-gated ion channel characterized by complex composition and functions and wide distribution,plays a key role in the pathological and physiological process of diseases or stress states.NMDAR can mediate apoptosis through different pathways such as mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum damage,production of reactive oxygen species and peroxynitrite,and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase and calpain.This paper reviews the structure,distribution,and biological characteristics of NMDAR and the mechanisms of NMDAR-mediated apoptosis.
Subject(s)
Apoptosis , Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate , Humans , Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism , Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism , Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/chemistry , Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/metabolism , Signal TransductionABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation between Young's modulus of the thyroid tissue measured by in shear wave elastography (SWE) and the clinical manifestations of Hashimoto's thyroiditis in different stages. METHODS: A total of 104 patients with the clinical diagnosis of Hashimoto's thyroiditis were enrolled in this study, including 26 with hyperthyroidism, 29 with normal thyroid function, 27 with subclinical hypothyroidism, 22 with clinical hypothyroidism, with 50 healthy volunteers serving as the healthy control group. All the subjects underwent SWE to obtain the Young's modulus value of the thyroid tissue. Univariate analysis of variance was used to compare the Young's modulus among the groups, and Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between the Young's modulus of the thyroid tissue and serum levels of thyroid microsomal antibody (TMAb) and thyroid globulin antibody (TGAb). RESULTS: In the 4 groups of patients, the Young's modulus increased significantly in the order of hyperthyroidism group, normal thyroid function group, subclinical hypothyroidism group and clinical hypothyroidism group (F=60.983, P<0.01). The Young's modulus was significantly lower in hyperthyroidism group than in the other 3 groups (P<0.05), and was significantly lower in normal thyroid function group than in subclinical hypothyroidism group and clinical hypothyroidism group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The Young's modulus of the thyroid tissue measured by shear wave elastography is related with the clinical manifestations of Hashimoto's thyroiditis in different stages, but the relevance needs to be further confirmed by multi-center, randomized, controlled studies involving a larger sample size.
