A few-shot learning-based eye diseases screening method.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to construct a brand-new ophthalmic disease screening task and establish a practically valuable ophthalmic disease screening model in the case of insufficient data. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The main methods are as follows: firstly, we mixed data from different sources (these data may come from different cameras, including different fundus diseases) to get a new dataset. Based on this dataset, we conducted subsequent experiments on fundus multi-disease screening. However, in the past public datasets, each dataset often only corresponded to the screening diagnosis of one disease. Secondly, we proposed a method to simulate the characteristics of different fundus cameras by using a method based on style transfer, and to augment the training data, so that the model could learn the features of ophthalmic diseases in a more comprehensive way. Finally, a robust disease screening model based on few-shot learning was constructed on the combined dataset, and compared with benchmark algorithms. RESULTS: We focused on the study of eye disease screening methods based on the metric-based few-shot learning model, data augmentation methods, and focus on key technologies such as data augmentation based on style transfer. Experiments have shown that our method can significantly improve the generalization ability of the disease screening model. CONCLUSIONS: By introducing few-shot learning theory and data augmentation based on style transfer into ophthalmic disease screening, the generalization ability of the model is greatly improved, and it has certain practical value.

The effects of xylanase supplementation on growth, digestion, circulating hormone and metabolite levels, immunity and gut microflora in cockerels fed on wheat-based diets.

1. The xylanase product used in this study was derived from a genetically modified isolate of Aspergillus niger. Two trials were conducted to investigate the effects of xylanase supplementation on growth, digestion, circulating hormone and metabolite levels, immune parameters and composition of the gut microflora in cockerels fed on wheat-based diets. 2. The experimental diets consisted of a wheat-based control diet supplemented with 0 or 0.1% enzyme preparation. The diets were fed between 7 and 21 d of age. 3. Enzyme supplementation improved growth and feed conversion efficiency. The addition of enzyme to wheat-based diet increased the apparent total digestibility of dry matter (DM), crude protein and fat. 4. Enzyme supplementation reduced the relative weight of digestive organs to a certain extent, but there was no significant difference. Enzyme supplementation reduced digesta viscosity in the jejunum. There was no significant difference between the two experimental groups in counts of lactobacillus and coliform bacteria in the caeca. 5. Enzyme supplementation increased the concentration of blood thyroxine (T(4)), insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and insulin, reduced the concentrations of blood uric acid, but had no significant effect on the concentrations of blood glucose and triiodothyronine (T(3)). 6. Enzyme supplementation increased the relative weight of spleen of cockerels, serum antibody titres to Newcastle disease virus (NDV), lymphocyte proliferation in response to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and the natural killer (NK) cell activity. 7. It is concluded that supplementation with an enzyme preparation (xylanase), which hydrolyses non-starch polysaccharides can improve growth in cockerels fed on wheat-based diets. This improvement is achieved through enzyme effects on digestion, absorption, metabolism and immunity of cockerels.

Effects of dietary supplementation of beta 2-adrenergic agonist clenbuterol on carcase characteristics and some metabolites in ducks.

1. Ducks (622 in total) aged 25 d were given diets supplemented with clenbuterol (CL) at 0 (control), 0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 5 mg/kg for 25 d to investigate the effect of dietary CL on muscle and fat deposition and some metabolites in ducks. 2. The mass of the breast muscles was increased by 10 to 31%, while subcutaneous fat plus skin and abdominal fat pad were reduced by 8 to 23% and 20 to 37%, respectively, in the ducks supplemented 1 to 5 mg CL/kg diet. 3. Increased RNA:DNA ratios in the breast muscle, reduced uric acid and increased free fatty acid concentrations in the serum were observed in clenbuterol-fed ducks.