ABSTRACT
To better understand the architecture and evolution of the mitochondrial genome (mitogenome), mitogenomes of ten specimens representing six subfamilies in Tenebrionidae were selected, and comparative analysis of these mitogenomes was carried out in this study. Ten mitogenomes in this family share a similar gene composition, gene order, nucleotide composition, and codon usage. In addition, our results show that nucleotide bias was strongly influenced by the preference of codon usage for A/T rich codons which significantly correlated with the G + C content of protein coding genes (PCGs). Evolutionary rate analyses reveal that all PCGs have been subjected to a purifying selection, whereas 13 PCGs displayed different evolution rates, among which ATPase subunit 8 (ATP8) showed the highest evolutionary rate. We inferred the secondary structure for all RNA genes of Tenebrio molitor (Te2) and used this as the basis for comparison with the same genes from other Tenebrionidae mitogenomes. Some conserved helices (stems) and loops of RNA structures were found in different domains of ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) and the cloverleaf structure of transfer RNAs (tRNAs). With regard to the AT-rich region, we analyzed tandem repeat sequences located in this region and identified some essential elements including T stretches, the consensus motif at the flanking regions of T stretch, and the secondary structure formed by the motif at the 3' end of T stretch in major strand, which are highly conserved in these species. Furthermore, phylogenetic analyses using mitogenomic data strongly support the relationships among six subfamilies: ((Tenebrionidae incertae sedis + (Diaperinae + Tenebrioninae)) + (Pimeliinae + Lagriinae)), which is consistent with phylogenetic results based on morphological traits.
Subject(s)
Mitochondria/genetics , RNA/chemistry , Tenebrio/classification , Tenebrio/genetics , Animals , Base Composition , Evolution, Molecular , Gene Order , Genome, Mitochondrial , Nucleic Acid Conformation , Phylogeny , RNA, Mitochondrial , Selection, GeneticABSTRACT
Porphyran (P) was extracted from red algae Porphyra by boiling water. A novel polysaccharide-iron complex (LPPC) was prepared under the alkaline condition by adding a ferric chloride solution to the low molecular weight porphyran (LP) solution. Physicochemical properties and inhibition effect on iron deficiency anemia of this complex were studied. The content of iron(III) in the complex is 21.57% determined with iodometry. The results indicate that LPPC was product required. The complex can increase red blood cell count (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), Serum iron (SI), spleen index, spleen mass and mass of mice with iron deficiency anemia (IDA). Although the structure and deeper mechanisms on hemolytic anemia of LPPC should be further studied, LPPC is hoped to be developed as a late-model iron supplement which has a synergism on anemia.
Subject(s)
Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/drug therapy , Chemistry, Pharmaceutical/methods , Chemistry, Physical/methods , Iron/chemistry , Polysaccharides/chemistry , Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/metabolism , Animals , Calorimetry, Differential Scanning/methods , Chlorides/chemistry , Dietary Supplements , Drug Design , Erythrocytes/drug effects , Ferric Compounds/chemistry , Hemoglobins/metabolism , Humans , Iron/blood , Iron/pharmacology , Mice , Porphyrins/chemistry , Spleen/metabolism , TemperatureABSTRACT
The title mononuclear nickel(II) complex, [Ni(C(9)H(9)ClNO(2))(2)]·H(2)O, was obtained by the reaction of 5-chloro-salicyl-aldehyde, 2-amino-ethanol and nickel nitrate in methanol. The Ni atom is six-coordinated by two phenolate O, two imine N and two hy-droxy O atoms from two crystallographically different Schiff base ligands, forming an octa-hedral geometry. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked through inter-molecular O-Hâ¯O and O-Hâ¯Cl hydrogen bonds.
ABSTRACT
The mononuclear zinc title complex, [Zn(C(20)H(22)N(2)O(4))(H(2)O)], was obtained by the reaction of 3-eth-oxy-salicyl-aldehyde, ethane-1,2-diamine, and zinc acetate in methanol. The Zn atom is five-coordinated by two phenolate O and two imine N atoms of the tetradentate Schiff base ligand and by one water O atom, forming a square-pyramidal geometry. In the crystal, pairs of mol-ecules are linked via inter-molecular O-Hâ¯O hydrogen bonds, forming dimers.
ABSTRACT
Interactions of three iridoid glycosides extracted from Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc. (CIG) with protein were simultaneously explored by on-line dialysis sampling coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography (DS-HPLC). Three main compounds in CIG were unequivocally identified as loganin, sweroside and cornuside by comparing their t(R), MS data and UV spectra with those of reference compounds. Dialysis recoveries and quantitative characteristics of DS-HPLC for three iridoid glycosides were determined. Recoveries of dialysis sampling ranged from 73.9 to 91.7% with the RSD below 3.0%. Based on the determination of concentrations before and after interaction with human serum albumin (HSA), the binding parameters of loganin, sweroside and cornuside with HSA were obtained and the binding mechanisms were investigated.
Subject(s)
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods , Cornus/chemistry , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry , Iridoid Glycosides/chemistry , Serum Albumin/chemistry , Cornus/metabolism , Dialysis/methods , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/metabolism , Humans , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions , Iridoid Glycosides/isolation & purification , Iridoid Glycosides/metabolism , Protein Binding , Serum Albumin/metabolismABSTRACT
In the title compound, [Zn(NCS)(C(12)H(18)N(2)O(2))(2)]NO(3), the Zn(II) ion is chelated by the phenolate O and imine N atoms from two zwitterionic Schiff base ligands and is also coordinated by the N atom of a thio-cyanate ligand, giving a distorted trigonal-bipyramidal geometry. Intra-molecular N-Hâ¯O hydrogen bonds are observed in the complex cation. The nitrate anions are linked to the complex cations through N-Hâ¯O hydrogen bonds.
ABSTRACT
In recent years, the studies on moxibustion for treatment of cancer are increasing day by day, with some advances. In the paper, clinical and experimental studies on traditional moxibustion for treatment of cancer and the mechanisms are reviewed, and some problems and shortcomings are put forward.
