[Evolution of Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Atmospheric Precipitation and Its Significant Impacts on the Environment in Beijing].

Atmospheric precipitation samples were collected in 2018, 2019, and 2021 in Beijing to study the concentrations and changes of the main metal elements and water-soluble ions； the wet deposition fluxes of heavy metals, water-soluble ions, dissolved inorganic nitrogen, and sulfur in the atmospheric precipitation and their impacts on the ecological environment； and the scavenging mechanisms of the typical precipitation to atmospheric pollutants during the study period. The results showed that the precipitation in Beijing during the study period was mostly neutral or alkaline, and the frequency of acid rain occurrence was very low, only accounting for 3.06%. The total concentrations of major metal elements in 2018, 2019, and 2021 were （4 787.46 ±4 704.31）, （7 663.07 ±8 395.05）, and （2 629.13 ±2 369.51） µg·L-1, respectively. The total equivalent concentrations of ions in 2018, 2019, and 2021 were （851.68 ±649.16）, （973.98 ±850.94）, and （644.31 ±531.16） µeq·L-1, respectively. The interannual changes in major metal elements and ions followed the order of 2019 > 2018 > 2021. The seasonal average total concentrations of major metal elements in spring, summer, autumn, and winter were （9 624.25 ±7 327.92）, （4 088.67 ±5 710.14）, （3 357.68 ±3 995.64）, and （6 203.19 ±3 857.43） µg·L-1, respectively, and the seasonal average total equivalent concentrations of ions in spring, summer, autumn, and winter were （1 014.71 ±512.21）, （729.83 ±589.90）, （724.35 ±681.40）, and （1 014.03 ±359.67） µeq·L-1, respectively, all presenting the order of spring > winter > summer > autumn. NO3- and SO42- were the main acid-causing ions in precipitation, whereas NH4+ and Ca2+ were the main acid-neutralizing ions. The wet deposition fluxes of the heavy metal Cd were very low [（0.05 ±0.01） mg·ï¼ˆm2·a）-1], only accounting for （0.13 ±0.04）% of the total wet deposition fluxes of main metal elements； however, its soil safety years were 291 years, significantly lower than those of other heavy metals, displaying that its ecological risk was relatively the highest. The total wet precipitation flux of water-soluble ions NH4+, Ca2+, NO3-, and SO42- accounted for （85.72 ±2.18）% of the wet precipitation flux of total ions, suggesting that their comprehensive impact on the ecological environment might have been higher. DIN wet deposition flux was mainly characterized by NH4+-N, which had a positive impact on the ecological environment in summer. SO42--S wet deposition flux was higher in summer, so its positive impact on the ecological environment was also greater. The scavenging effects of atmospheric precipitations to pollutants from the air were impacted by various factors, and the synergism effects of these factors could directly influence the scavenging mechanisms of precipitation to pollutants.

[Plankton Community Stability and Drive Factor Identification Guizhou Plateau Reservoir].

In order to understand the stability of the zooplankton and phytoplankton communities in the Guizhou plateau reservoir environment, the process of reservoir water quality change affecting the stability of plankton was studied. The changes in the plankton community and water quality in three different nutrient reservoirs （Huaxi Reservoir, Goupitan Reservoir, and Hailong Reservoir） were studied from October 2020 to August 2021. The stability of the zooplankton and phytoplankton communities was studied using time-lag analysis （TLA）. Variance decomposition analysis （VPA） was used to explore the response of the two communities to environmental changes. The driving factors of plankton community changes in reservoirs were also revealed. The results showed that Huaxi Reservoir and Goupitan Reservoir were mesotrophic reservoirs, and Hailong Reservoir was a eutrophic reservoir. The average comprehensive nutrition indices of the three reservoirs were 44.07, 44.68, and 50.25. A total of 51 species of zooplankton rotifers, 39 species of rotifers, three species of copepods, and nine species of cladocera were identified. Among them, the abundance of rotifers was the highest, accounting for 85.96%. A total of seven phyla and 73 species of phytoplankton were identified, including 16 species in the phylum Cyanophyta, 32 species in the phylum Chlorophyta, 16 species in the phylum Diatoma, three species in the phylum Chlorophyta, four species in the phylum Euglenophyta, and one species each in the phyla Cryptophyta and Chrysophyta. Among them, the abundance of cyanobacteria and diatoms was the highest, accounting for 66.2% and 27.35%, respectively. The median absolute deviation （MAD） of the Bray-Curtis distance of zooplankton and phytoplankton community in the three reservoirs were 0.67 and 0.65 in Huaxi Reservoir, 0.80 and 0.69 in Goupitan Reservoir, and 0.85 and 0.47 in Hailong Reservoir, respectively. The larger the value, the greater the variation in the community. The absolute value of the slope of zooplankton was greater than that of phytoplankton in the TLA results, and the absolute values of the slopes were 0.018 and 0.004, respectively. The larger the absolute value of the slope, the faster the community variability. The zooplankton community in the three reservoirs was less stable than the phytoplankton community and more sensitive to environmental changes, and the degree of variation was greater. The higher the degree of eutrophication of the reservoir, the more obvious this phenomenon. VPA showed that the changes in plankton communities in Huaxi Reservoir and Hailong Reservoir were mainly influenced by water temperature and eutrophication factors. The changes in planktonic community in Goupitan Reservoir were mainly influenced by water temperature and chemical factors. The driving factors of Huaxi Reservoir were water temperature, TP, permanganate index, and SD. The driving factors of Goupitan Reservoir were water temperature, NO3-- N, and pH. The driving factors of Hailong Reservoir were water temperature and TP. Nutrients and water temperature were the main factors affecting the stability of plankton communities in reservoirs.

Three novel woody litter inhabiting fungi in Didymosphaeriaceae, Phaeoseptaceae and Synnemasporellaceae from Zhujiangyuan Nature Reserve, Yunnan Province, P.R. China.

Zhujiangyuan Nature Reserve, located in Qujing City, Yunnan Province, China, is reported with high fauna and floral diversity, while the fungal diversity of the region is poorly documented. During the summer season in 2023, decaying wood-inhabiting microfungi were collected from different microhabitats. The novel species were identified based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses (based on combined datasets of ITS, LSU, SSU, tef1-α, and rpb2 regions). Two species belong to Dothideomycetes (viz., Spegazziniazhujiangyuanensis sp. nov. and Phaeoseptumzhujiangyuanense sp. nov. in Pleosporales) while the other one resides in Sordariomycetes (Synnemasporellafanii sp. nov. in Diaporthales). The results are in conformity with the earlier studies that predicted higher fungal diversity in this region.

The activity of hyaD contributed to the virulence of avian Pasteurella multocida.

Fowl cholera is an infectious disease that affects both poultry and wild birds, characterized by hemorrhagic and septicemic symptoms, caused by Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida), and leading to substantial economic losses in the poultry sector. The development of genetic engineering vaccines against avian P. multocida encountered early-stage challenges due to the limited availability of effective gene editing tools. Presently, NgAgoDM-enhanced homologous recombination stands as a potent technique for achieving efficient gene knockout in avian P. multocida. Hence, this study employed NgAgoDM-enhanced homologous recombination to target and knockout hyaE (239-359aa), hyaD, hexABC, and hexD, denoted as ΔhyaE (239-359aa), ΔhyaD, ΔhexABC, and ΔhexD, respectively. Additionally, we generated a hyaD recovery strain with two point mutations, designated as mhyaD. Thus, this study systematically examined the impact of capsular synthetic gene clusters on the pathogenicity of P. multocida. Moreover, the study demonstrated the critical role of hyaD activity in the virulence of avian P. multocida. This study offers novel insights for enhancing attenuated vaccines further.

Analysis of infrared radiation emitted by moxibustion devices made of different materials using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.

Moxibustion has a long history of use as a traditional Chinese medicine therapy. Infrared radiation is an important and effective factor in moxibustion. Instead of the time-consuming and laborious process of holding moxa sticks in the hand, moxibustion devices are commonly used as moxibustion methods and tools in modern times. With the publication of the international standard of moxibustion devices (ISO18666:2021, Traditional Chinese Medicine - General requirements of moxibustion devices) published, moxibustion devices of various materials are now sold in the pharmacies and online stores. However, the influence of moxibustion devices on the therapeutic effect of moxibustion has not been studied. Therefore, this research was aimed to evaluate the infrared radiation of moxibustion devices, in order to select the moxibustion device that delivered infrared radiation closest to that of moxa stick combustion. The combination of combustion stability and infrared radiation intensity showed that cardboard tubes and silicone were better materials for moxibustion devices. In the mid-far infrared wave band, the moxibustion devices made from cardboard tubes and silica gels can better maintain the thermal effect generated by moxibustion and enable it to be more easily absorbed by the human body. The infrared radiation intensity of the cardboard moxibustion devices increased rapidly and steadily and could be maintained for the longest time. In conclusion, cardboard tubes are the better material for moxibustion devices with respect to infrared radiation.

ImageDTA: A Simple Model for Drug-Target Binding Affinity Prediction.

Predicting the drug-target binding affinity (DTA) is crucial in drug discovery, and an increasing number of researchers are using artificial intelligence techniques to make such predictions. Many effective deep neural network prediction models have been proposed. However, current methods need improvement in accuracy, complexity, and efficiency. In this study, we propose a method based on a multiscale 2-dimensional convolutional neural network (CNN), namely ImageDTA. Many studies have shown that CNN achieves good learning effects with limited data. Therefore, we take a unique perspective by treating the word vector encoded with a simplified molecular input line entry system (SMILES) string as an "image" and processing it like handling images, fully leveraging the efficient processing capabilities of CNN for image data. Furthermore, we show that ImageDTA has higher training and inference efficiency than pretrained large models and outperforms attention-based graph neural network models in accuracy and interpretability. We also use visualization techniques to select appropriate convolutional kernel sizes, thereby increasing the network's interpretability.

Impact of atropisomerism on a non-steroidal glucocorticoid receptor agonist.

To investigate atropisomers of non-steroidal glucocorticoid receptor modulator GSK866, a virtual library of substituted benzoic acid analogues was enumerated. Compounds from this library were subjected to a torsion angle scan using Spartan'20 to calculate the torsion rotation energy barrier which identified compounds predicted to be stable as atropisomers. After synthesis of the library, analysis showed that compounds 13 and 14 existed as stable atropisomers 13a, 13b, 14a and 14b, in agreement with the earlier calculations. Screening in a glucocorticoid receptor cellular assay showed that one compound from each atropisomer pair was significantly more potent than the other. Docking in a public structure of the glucocorticoid receptor (PBD code 3E7C) enabled the stereochemistry of the two most potent compounds 13a and 14b to be assigned as (R a) and (S a), respectively.

Rational design of a setaria-like NiTe2/MoS2 semi-coherent heterogeneous interface for enhancing diffusion kinetics in potassium-ion batteries.

Constructing unique heterostructures is a highly effective approach for enhancing the K+ storage capability of transition metal selenides. Such structures generate internal electric fields that significantly reduce the charge transfer activation energy. However, achieving a flawless interfacial region that maintains the optimal energy level gradient and degree of lattice matching remains a considerable challenge. In this study, we synthesised Setaria-like NiTe2/MoS2@C heterogeneous interfaces at which three-dimensional MoS2 nanosheets are evenly embedded in NiTe2 nanorods to form stabilised heterojunctions. The NiTe2/MoS2 heterojunctions display distinctive electronic configurations and several active sites owing to their low lattice misfits (δ = 13 %), strong electric fields, and uniform carbon shells. A NiTe2/MoS2@C anode in a potassium-ion battery (KIB) exhibited an impressive reversible capacity of 125.8 mAh/g after 1000 cycles at a rate of 500 mA g-1 and a stable reversible capacity of 111.7 mAh/g even after 3000 cycles at 1000 mA g-1. Even the NiTe2/MoS2@C//perylene tetracarboxylic dianhydride full battery configuration maintained a significant reversible capacity of 92.4 mAh/g after 100 cycles at 200 mA g-1, highlighting its considerable potential for application in KIBs. Calculations further revealed that the well-designed NiTe2/MoS2 heterojunction significantly promotes K+ ion diffusion.

Chiral α-Aminophosphonates as Ligands in Copper-Catalyzed Asymmetric Oxidative Coupling of 2-Naphthols.

Chiral α-aminophosphonates with adjacent carbon and phosphonate stereogenic centers have been employed as ligands in the copper-catalyzed oxidative coupling of 2-naphthols, resulting in the production of chiral BINOLs in favorable yields and moderate to good enantiomeric excess. This represents the first application of chiral P-based ligands to enable such a transformation. The synthesis of these chiral α-aminophosphonate ligands offers a significant advantage over approaches that typically necessitate elaborate synthetic processes for chiral ligand production.

Spatiotemporal cell landscape of human embryonic tooth development.

Understanding the cellular composition and trajectory of human tooth development is valuable for dentistry and stem cell engineering research. Previous single-cell studies have focused on mature human teeth and developing mouse teeth, but the cell landscape of human embryonic dental development is still unknown. In this study, tooth germ tissues were collected from aborted foetus (17-24 weeks) for single-cell RNA sequence and spatial transcriptome analysis. The cells were classified into seven subclusters of epithelium, and seven clusters of mesenchyme, as well as other cell types such as Schwann cell precursor and pericyte. For epithelium, the stratum intermedium branch and the ameloblast branch diverged from the same set of outer enamel-inner enamel-ALCAM+ epithelial cell lineage, but their spatial distribution of two branches was not clearly distinct. This trajectory received spatially adjacent regulation signals from mesenchyme and pericyte, including JAG1 and APP. The differentiation of pulp cell and pre-odontoblast showed four waves of temporally distinct gene expression, which involved regulation networks of LHX9, DLX5 and SP7, and these genes were regulated by upstream ligands such as the BMP family. This provides a reference landscape for the research on early human tooth development, covering different spatial structures and developmental periods.

Design of a monocapillary with an inner Al2O3/HfO2 multilayer to obtain focused monochromatic hard X-rays.

An X-ray monocapillary with an inner multilayer can be a promising optical device to obtain focused monochromatic X-rays. A focused beam is acquired via controlling the shape of the monocapillary meanwhile monochromatic X-rays are screened out by the inside multilayer. For hard X-rays such as C u-k α line 8.04 keV and M o-k α line 17.44 keV, A l 2 O 3/H f O 2 is an effective material pair for the X-ray multilayer that can reflect the X-rays at an acceptable efficiency. In this work, four tapered-monocapillaries with inner A l 2 O 3/H f O 2 multilayers are designed to focus and monochromatize X-rays (8.04 keV and17.44 keV, respectively) from the point source and collimated beam. The theoretical transmission performance, including the beam size, reflectivity, and monochromaticity of the device, is also calculated. The results show that the ideal optics can focus desired X-rays with efficiency of about 60%. It provides a reference for fabricating this optics in the future, especially via the atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique, which represents great potential to coat uniform film on a curved surface.

Room-Temperature Band-Aligned Infrared Heterostructures for Integrable Sensing and Communication.

The demand for miniaturized and integrated multifunctional devices drives the progression of high-performance infrared photodetectors for diverse applications, including remote sensing, air defense, and communications, among others. Nonetheless, infrared photodetectors that rely solely on single low-dimensional materials often face challenges due to the limited absorption cross-section and suboptimal carrier mobility, which can impair sensitivity and prolong response times. Here, through experimental validation is demonstrated, precise control over energy band alignment in a type-II van der Waals heterojunction, comprising vertically stacked 2D Ta2NiSe5 and the topological insulator Bi2Se3, where the configuration enables polarization-sensitive, wide-spectral-range photodetection. Experimental evaluations at room temperature reveal that the device exhibits a self-powered responsivity of 0.48 A·W-1, a specific directivity of 3.8 × 1011 cm·Hz1/2·W-1, a response time of 151 µs, and a polarization ratio of 2.83. The stable and rapid photoresponse of the device underpins the utility in infrared-coded communication and dual-channel imaging, showing the substantial potential of the detector. These findings articulate a systematic approach to developing miniaturized, multifunctional room-temperature infrared detectors with superior performance metrics and enhanced capabilities for multi-information acquisition.

Exploring the association between theobromine intake and hepatic steatosis in young people.

The incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) tends to be younger. And the role of theobromine in fatty liver disease remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between dietary theobromine intake and degree of hepatic steatosis in individuals aged 45 and below, using data from the 2017-2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and liver ultrasonography transient elastography. A total of 1796 participants aged below 45 years were included from NHANES 2017-2020 data after applying exclusion criteria. Multivariate regression and subgroup analyses were conducted to examine the associations between theobromine intake and controlled attenuation parameter (CAP), adjusting for potential confounders. Generalized additive models and two-piecewise linear regression were used to analyze nonlinear relationships. In the unadjusted Model 1 and preliminarily adjusted Model 2, there was no significant correlation between theobromine intake and CAP values. However, in Models 3 and 4, which accounted for confounding factors, a higher intake of theobromine was significantly associated with lower CAP values. Subgroup analyses in the fully adjusted Model 4 revealed a significant negative correlation among individuals aged 18-45, women, and white populations. Nonlinear analysis revealed a U-shaped relationship in black Americans, with the lowest CAP values at 44.5 mg/day theobromine. This study provides evidence that higher theobromine intake is correlated with lower degree of hepatic steatosis in young people, especially those aged 18-45 years, women, and whites. For black Americans, maintaining theobromine intake around 44.5 mg/day may help minimize liver steatosis. These findings may help personalize clinical nutritional guidance, prevent the degree of hepatic steatosis, and provide pharmacological approaches to reverse fatty liver disease in young people.

20(R)-Panaxatriol enhances METTL3-mediated m6A modification of STUB1 to inhibit autophagy and exert antitumor effects in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer cells.

BACKGROUND: Aberrant activation of autophagy in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has led researchers to investigate potential therapeutic strategies targeting this process. The regulation of autophagy is significantly influenced by METTL3. Our previous research has shown that the Panax ginseng-derived compound, 20(R)-panaxatriol (PT), has potential as an anti-tumor agent. However, it remains unclear whether PT can modulate autophagy through METTL3 to exert its anti-tumor effects. OBJECTIVE: Our objective is to investigate whether PT can regulate autophagy in TNBC cells and elucidate the molecular mechanisms. STUDY DESIGN: For in vitro experiments, we employed SUM-159-PT and MDA-MB-231 cells. While in vivo experiments involved BALB/c nude mice and NOD/SCID mice. METHODS: In vitro, TNBC cells were treated with PT, and cell lines with varying expression levels of METTL3 were established. We assessed the impact on tumor cell activity and autophagy by analyzing autophagic flux, Western Blot (WB), and methylation levels. In vivo, subcutaneous transplantation models were established in BALB/c nude and NOD/SCID mice to observe the effect of PT on TNBC growth. HE staining and immunofluorescence were employed to analyze histopathological changes in tumor tissues. MeRIP-seq and dual-luciferase reporter gene assays were used to identify key downstream targets. Additionally, the silencing of STIP1 Homology And U-Box Containing Protein 1 (STUB1) explored PT's effects. The mechanism of PT's action on STUB1 via METTL3 was elucidated through mRNA stability assays, mRNA alternative splicing analysis, and nuclear-cytoplasmic mRNA separation. RESULTS: In both in vivo and in vitro experiments, it was discovered that PT significantly upregulates the expression of METTL3, leading to autophagy inhibition and therapeutic effects in TNBC. Simultaneously, through MeRIP-seq analysis and dual-luciferase reporter gene assays, we have demonstrated that PT modulates STUB1 via METTL3, influencing autophagy in TNBC cells. Furthermore, intriguingly, PT extends the half-life of STUB1 mRNA by enhancing its methylation modification, thereby enhancing its stability. CONCLUSION: In summary, our research reveals that PT increases STUB1 m6A modification through a METTL3-mediated mechanism in TNBC cells, inhibiting autophagy and further accentuating its anti-tumor properties. Our study provides novel mechanistic insights into TNBC pathogenesis and potential drug targets for TNBC.

Discovery of Novel Ortho-Aminophenol Derivatives Targeting Lipid Peroxidation with Potent Antiferroptotic Activities.

The concept of ferroptosis inhibition has gained growing recognition as a promising therapeutic strategy for addressing a wide range of diseases. Here, we present the discovery of four series of ortho-aminophenol derivatives as potential ferroptosis inhibitors beginning with the endogenous substance 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3-HA) by employing quantum chemistry techniques, in vitro and in vivo assays. Our findings reveal that these ortho-aminophenol derivatives exhibit unique intra-H bond interactions, compelling ortho-amines to achieve enhanced alignment with the aromatic π-system, thereby expanding their activity. Notably, compounds from all four series display remarkable activity against RSL3-induced ferroptosis, showcasing an activity 100 times more than that of 3-HA. Furthermore, these compounds also demonstrate robust in vivo efficacy in protecting mice from kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury and acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. In summary, we provide four distinct series of active scaffolds that significantly expand the chemical space of ferroptosis inhibitors, serving as valuable insights for future structural modifications.

Unveiling the causal link between metabolic factors and ovarian cancer risk using Mendelian randomization analysis.

Background: Metabolic abnormalities are closely tied to the development of ovarian cancer (OC), yet the relationship between anthropometric indicators as risk indicators for metabolic abnormalities and OC lacks consistency. Method: The Mendelian randomization (MR) approach is a widely used methodology for determining causal relationships. Our study employed summary statistics from the genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and we used inverse variance weighting (IVW) together with MR-Egger and weighted median (WM) supplementary analyses to assess causal relationships between exposure and outcome. Furthermore, additional sensitivity studies, such as leave-one-out analyses and MR-PRESSO were used to assess the stability of the associations. Result: The IVW findings demonstrated a causal associations between 10 metabolic factors and an increased risk of OC. Including "Basal metabolic rate" (OR= 1.24, P= 6.86×10-4); "Body fat percentage" (OR= 1.22, P= 8.20×10-3); "Hip circumference" (OR= 1.20, P= 5.92×10-4); "Trunk fat mass" (OR= 1.15, P= 1.03×10-2); "Trunk fat percentage" (OR= 1.25, P= 8.55×10-4); "Waist circumference" (OR= 1.23, P= 3.28×10-3); "Weight" (OR= 1.21, P= 9.82×10-4); "Whole body fat mass" (OR= 1.21, P= 4.90×10-4); "Whole body fat-free mass" (OR= 1.19, P= 4.11×10-3) and "Whole body water mass" (OR= 1.21, P= 1.85×10-3). Conclusion: Several metabolic markers linked to altered fat accumulation and distribution are significantly associated with an increased risk of OC.

[Clinical Characteristics and Prognosis of Patients with Acute Leukemia Complicated with Mucormycosis after Chemotherapy].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the characteristics and prognosis of patients with mucormycosis after chemotherapy for acute leukemia, and to strengthen understanding of the disease. METHODS: 7 cases of acute leukemia (AL) patients diagnosed with mucormycosis by metagenomic next generation sequencing (mNGS) after chemotherapy at the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College from October 2021 to June 2022 were collected, and their clinical data, including clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis, were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: Among the 7 patients with AL complicated with mucormycosis, there were 3 males and 4 females, with a median age of 52(20-59) years. There were 6 cases of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and 1 case of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). Extrapulmonary involvement in 4 cases, including 1 case suspected of central nervous system involvement. The median time for the occurrence of mucor infection was 16(6-69) days after chemotherapy and 19(14-154) days after agranulocytosis. The main clinical manifestations of mucormycosis were fever (7/7), cough (3/7), chest pain (3/7) and dyspnea (1/7). The most common chest CT imaging findings were nodules, patchy or mass consolidation (6/7). All patients were treated with posaconazole or voriconazole prophylaxis during neutropenia phase. 5 patients died within 8 months, and the median time from diagnosis to death was 1 month. CONCLUSION: Although prophylactic antifungal therapy is adopted, patients with acute leukemia still have a risk of mucor infection during the neutropenia phase. Fever is the main manifestation in the early stage of mucor infection. The use of intravenous antifungal drugs alone is ineffective and there is a high mortality rate in acute leukemia patients with mucormycosis.

Corrigendum: Efficacy and executive function of solution-focused brief therapy on adolescent depression.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1246986.].

Gender and race disparities in the prevalence of chronic kidney disease among individuals with hypertension in the United States, 2001-2016.

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common complication among individuals with hypertension. We aimed to identify the prevalence of CKD and the sex and race disparities within the hypertensive population in the United States from 2001-2016. Methods: A total of 16,148 participants with hypertension were included, representing 561,909,480 individuals from the U.S. population between 2001 and 2016, as documented in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The prevalence of albuminuria and CKD stage were assessed using survey-weighted general linear regression analysis. Heterogeneity in the CKD stage among the hypertensive population, stratified by sex and race, was identified through survey-weighted logistic regression analysis. Results: Overall, the prevalence of albuminuria remained stable (p for trend = 0.3196), and changes in the CKD stage were minimal (p for trend > 0.05) from 2001-2016. In the analysis of CKD stage heterogeneity by sex and race, the prevalence of CKD was higher among women than men and higher among individuals of other races combined than non-Hispanic Whites, but the differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion: The overall CKD stage within the hypertensive population plateaued between 2001 and 2016. Our findings highlight the importance of continuous monitoring and potential refinement of renoprotection strategies in individuals with hypertension to mitigate the persistent burden of CKD and address health disparities among different demographic groups.

Genome-wide identification of the walnut MYC gene family and functional characterization of Xinjiang wild walnut under low-temperature stress.

Introduction: MYC transcription factors are the basic regulators of the jasmonic acid signaling pathway and play important roles in plant growth and development and the response to adverse stress. In recent years, severe winter freezing and late spring frost in the main planting area of walnut in Xinjiang have affected the growth and development of walnut, which has become a prominent problem restricting walnut production. Xinjiang wild walnut is the only remaining wild species of walnuts in China, which contains a lot of genes with excellent traits, and is important for the cultivation and breeding. Methods: In this paper, the physicochemical properties and bioinformatics of MYC transcription factor members in walnut were analyzed, and the nine MYC were screened from the transcriptome data under low temperature stress. At last, we study the subcellular localizations and the expression patterns of the nine MYC members in Xinjiang wild walnut. Results: The results revealed that 30 MYC members were identified from published walnut whole-genome data, and their evolutionary relationships with Arabidopsis and poplar were divided into six groups according to clustering analysis, among which JrMYC22 and JrMYC23 had high homology with PtrMYC2b, which is induced by jasmonic acid in response to low-temperature stress. Walnut MYC members are unevenly distributed on 12 chromosomes. The prediction of promoter cis-acting elements of walnut MYC transcription factor family members revealed that cis-acting elements related to jasmonic acid and lowtemperature stress were the ones with the greatest number of members, with 12. In addition, all nine MYC family members in Xinjiang wild walnut plants responding to low-temperature stress exhibited strong fluorescence responses in the nucleus. The expression levels of these members in response to low-temperature stress revealed that JrMYC28, JrMYC31, JrMYC33, JrMYC34, and JrMYC35 were highly expressed, and it was hypothesized that JrMYC28, JrMYC31, JrMYC33, JrMYC34, and JrMYC35 might play a key role in the response to lowtemperature stress. Discussion: The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for further research on the functional mechanisms of the MYC transcription factor family members in walnut.