Functional and Speech Outcome of Unilaterally Cochlear Implanted Children after 1 year of Implantation in NIENT: A Retrospective Study.

Hearing loss can be congenital or acquired. Most of the time congenital hearing loss means profound sensorineural hearing loss. The invention of cochlear implantation has already an established role in improving the hearing capability in congenital sensorineural hearing loss. To speak properly after cochlear implant, one needs to go for speech therapy or audio-verbal therapy. Speech therapy has become an integral part of the cochlear implantation program. In Bangladesh cochlear implantation (CI) programs started around 15 years ago, which was limited to Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) and Combined Military Hospital (CMH). Our government takes initiative to provide this service to poor and lower income people. National Institute of ENT (NIENT) was the first government hospital where CI started in 2018 and the project is now ongoing. After CI auditory, verbal therapy (AVT) was given at the same institute. No study has not been done to find out the outcome of AVT. NIENT has taken steps to find out the functional and speech outcome of cochlear implanted children considering the two standard criteria: CAP and SIR score. This retrospective study was done to find out the auditory verbal outcome of unilaterally CI children in different ages and conducted at department of Audiology, National Institute of ENT, Tejgaon, Dhaka, Bangladesh from January 2021 to June 2021. The children who underwent cochlear implants and took the auditory verbal therapy were included in this study. Though it is a retrospective study, a written informed consent has been taken from the patient's parents as the cases are minor in age. From the record review, CAP and SIR scores were recorded four times: before implantation 1 time, after cochlear implantation 3 times (At the end of 3, 6 and 12 months after starting of AVT of Cochlear implantees). From the study it has been observed that out of 50 implantees, 48.0% of children's age range was in between >3 to ≤5 years. Most of the implantees were from rural areas and also from lower income group. The study showed significant association with CAP and SIR score at the end of one year of AVT. No significant association was found in different age groups with scores of CAP and SIR. But the parent's education showed significant association with CAP score at the end one year of AVT. Though the age of the recipient is not significantly associated with the AVT outcome but maternal education plays an important role in improving CAP and SIR score. So, maternal education or understanding along with professional speech therapy is vital for better AVT outcome.

Comparative Study between Conventional Method and Endonasal Endoscopic Resection of Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma.

Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma (JNA) is an uncommon, benign and extremely vascular tumour which accounts for 0.05-0.5% of all head and neck tumours. Now a day, endoscopic excision is a preferred surgery for early cases. This study was done with the aim to compare the outcomes and complications between endoscopic and conventional surgery of JNA. This cross sectional observational study was conducted in the Department of Otolaryngology & Head-Neck Surgery at Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh and Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka from 8 March 2014 to 7 March, 2015. A total number of 20 cases were purposively selected and patient with intracranial extension were excluded from the study. Data was analyzed with SPSS software. Among the 20 patients, maximum 18(90%) were in 2nd decade, age was ranging from 11-33 years, mean 16.17 years. Maximum patients 13(65%) came with nasal obstruction and epistaxis and majority 13(65%) of them were in stage II. Endoscopic excision was done in 12(60%) cases and conventional surgery was done in 7(35%) cases. Mean hospital stay of endoscopic and conventional group was 4.62 vs. 10.23 days. Mean blood loss and mean operative time were 528.12ml vs. 1050ml and 2 hours 17 minutes vs. 3 hours 28 minutes respectively. Per-operative and postoperative complication were more (53.85%) in conventional surgery group. Endoscopic excision of nasopharyngeal angiofibroma is more preferable due to less operative time, less hospital stay, less per-operative blood loss and less complications. But in advanced cases conventional surgery and combined surgery is preferred.

Raman spectral analysis for rapid screening of dengue infection.

Infection with the dengue virus is currently clinically detected according to different biomarkers in human blood plasma, commonly measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assays, including non-structural proteins (Ns1), immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG). However, there is little or no mutual correlation between the biomarkers, as demonstrated in this study by a comparison of their levels in samples from 17 patients. As an alternative, the label free, rapid screening technique, Raman spectroscopy has been used for the characterisation/diagnosis of healthy and dengue infected human blood plasma samples. In dengue positive samples, changes in specific Raman spectral bands associated with lipidic and amino acid/protein content are observed and assigned based on literature and these features can be considered as markers associated with dengue development. Based on the spectroscopic analysis of the current, albeit limited, cohort of samples, Principal Components Analysis (PCA) coupled Factorial Discriminant Analysis, yielded values of 97.95% sensitivity and 95.40% specificity for identification of dengue infection. Furthermore, in a comparison of the normal samples to the patient samples which scored low for only one of the biomarker tests, but high or medium for either or both of the other two, PCA-FDA demonstrated a sensitivity of 97.38% and specificity of 86.18%, thus providing an unambiguous screening technology.

In-vitro antibacterial and antioxidant potential of winged prickly ash, green tea and thyme.

Herbs and plants are mostly used as antimicrobials and antioxidants owing to the harmfulness and linked side-effects of synthetic chemical constituents. Plants and spices produce various metabolites with antibacterial and antioxidant potential. These metabolites are principally revealed as encouraging healing components or mediators which control ailments in human beings. The present study was aimed to characterize the extracts from selected medicinal plants through in-vitro activities. Winged prickly ash, green tea and thyme were selected and extracted through ethanol and methanol solutions. The extracts were assessed for antibacterial and antioxidant activities. The antibacterial potential of extracts showed the significant extent of the activity against Bacillus subtilis and E. coli. The maximum activity was noted in 80% methanolic fraction of Thymus vulgaris (15.20±0.64 mm) against Bacillus subtilis. Antioxidant potential exhibited the highest phenolic and flavonoid content in Camellia sinensis . The total phenolic content was significantly higher (1456.26±12.05 mg gallic acid) in 80% ethanolic fraction of Camellia sinensis. The flavonoid content in different plant extracts ranged from 8.17±2.02 to 376.29±7.11 mg/g. The radical scavenging DPPH assay also showed the significant antioxidant capacity of selected plants with the methanolic (50%) extract of Camellia sinensis found to be the most potent (78.95±7.12%). It was concluded that the alcoholic extracts of selected medicinal plants revealed the effective antibacterial and antioxidant activity, showing protective prospective against oxidative injury.

Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Injury in Thyroid Surgery: One Year Prospective Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital.

This prospective, cross sectional study was carried out in the Department of Otolaryngology & Head-Neck Surgery, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh from August 2010 to July 2011. One hundred & twenty eight (128) patients with thyroid swelling who underwent surgery were purposely included. The study was designed to determine the incidence of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury during thyroid surgery. Among the 128 patients, female were predominant 78.90%, majority of the patient were in third decade, 96.87% patients were biochemically euthyroid. Total 5.46% patient had recurrent laryngeal nerve injury. Among them 14.28% had transient and 85.72% had permanent injury. Injury was more in total thyroidectomy done for extensive malignancy.

Complications of neck dissection at a tertiary level hospital: study of 30 cases.

Metastatic dissemination into lymph nodes of neck occurs frequently in head neck cancers which down grade the patient's curability and survival. Neck dissection is a curable option for its management. To evaluate the complications following different types of neck dissection. This cross sectional study was conducted among patients undergone different types of neck dissection due to cervical nodal metastasis and attended follow up during July 2010 to June 2011 in Department of ENTs and Head-Neck surgery Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Among 30 selected patient, 23 were male (76.67%) and 7 were female (23.33%), age ranged from 31-72 years (Mean=59.1±5.44). In different modalities of neck dissection 11 were modified neck dissection (36.67%) and 10(33.33%) were radical neck dissection. Common indication was carcinoma of unknown origin (66.67%). Involved neck nodes were commonly level II-IV (69.99%). Nodal stage was N2(50%) and N3 (40%).Common immediate complications were bleeding 03(10%), facial oedema 02 (6.67%) and thoracic duct injury 02(6.67%). Intermediate complications were seroma 05(16.67%), wound infection 04(13.33%) and chylous fistula 02(6.67%), Late Complications were hypertrophic scar 07(23.33%) and shoulder syndrome 06(20%). Proper indications, skilled surgery along with early recognize and treatment in both early and late manifestations of neck dissection preventing its grave sequence.

Difficulty in diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Due to difficult anatomical position nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is always challenging problems both from the diagnostic and therapeutic corner. A 24 years old lady came to our Department of Otolaryngology and Head-Neck Surgery with the complaints of epistaxis, right sided neck swelling, nasal obstruction and headache. On digital palpation Nasopharyngeal mass was found. We took biopsy from nasopharynx under indirect vision but report was not conclusive. Then we did CT scan, nasendoscopy. Nasendoscopy showed bilateral ethmoidal polyp with nasopharyngeal mass. We took biopsy from the nasopharyngeal mass and confirmed the diagnosis.

Purification and thermal characterization of a novel peroxidase from a local chick pea cultivar.

A novel peroxidase isolated from a local chick pea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivar (Balksar 2000) was purified by means of ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE-cellulose chromatography and two runs on gel filtration. The purified enzyme has a specific activity of 2045 U/mg with 17 % activity recovery. The molecular mass of the enzyme was estimated to be 39 kDa by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Optimum pH and temperature of the enzyme were 5.5 and 45 degrees C respectively. The thermal denaturation of local chick pea peroxidase was studied in aqueous solution at temperatures ranging from 45 degrees C to 65 degrees C. The temperature of 50% inactivation of the enzyme was found to be 68 degrees C. The enthalpy (DeltaH*) and free energy (DeltaG*) of thermal denaturation of chick pea peroxidase were 101.4 and 103.4 k J/mol respectively at 65 degrees C. Metals like Zn2+, Mn2+, Hg2+, Co2+ and Al3+ slightly inhibited the peroxidase activity while Ca2+, Mg2+ and Ba2+ have no effect on enzyme activity. The high specific activity and thermal stability make chick pea peroxidase an alternative to horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in various applications.

Pelvic kidney and aorto-iliac aneurysm--a rare association--case report and literature review.

Association of a congenital pelvic kidney with abdominal aortic aneurysm is rare and to date only a handful cases have been reported in literature. We report one such case, which was successfully treated using the technique of temporary extra-anatomical perfusion of the kidney.