ABSTRACT
The legalisation of hemp has led to wide commercial availability of cannabidiol (CBD)-containing products. Here we show that the CBD-hydroxyquinone (HU-331), a readily formed oxidation product and common impurity in CBD isolates, undergoes a previously unknown photo-isomerisation to produce a highly reactive intermediate in solution. Studies supported by calculations indicate that this intermediate rapidly reacts with oxygen to form a multitude of cannabinoid products. The purple colour observed in light-aged CBD-containing solutions is largely due to the anions of these by-products and is not significantly due to the HU-331 anion. Our findings suggest that these uncharacterized cannabinoid derivatives can be present in CBD-containing e-liquids and solutions that have been stored under ambient light conditions, calling for quality control processes that manage HU-331 contamination.
ABSTRACT
Tungsten coil atomic emission spectrometry (WCAES) has been evaluated as a potentially portable technique for field applications. The tungsten coil (W-coil) was extracted from a commercially available slide projector bulb and used as both the atomizer and the excitation source. The coil was powered by a small solid-state power supply. A hand-held CCD spectrometer, powered from a laptop computer, collected the signal. Fifteen elements were used to evaluate the portable system. For elements in the UV region, LODs were increased by a factor of 2000 for Cu; 200 for Ag; and 25 for Co through a 400-W solid state power supply compared to a 200-W solid state power supply. Signals for Al, Cr, Ga, Mn, Li and V in the near UV region also increased around a factor of 25. Therefore, the WCAES device could be used for elements in both the visible and UV regions, and the system could be taken into the field to measure elements in various samples.
