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1.
J Cell Biochem ; 100(3): 679-92, 2007 Feb 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16986113

ABSTRACT

Cells experience a variety of physiological and non-physiological stresses and consequently have appropriate mechanisms to deal with such deviations from homeostasis. Particularly subject to mechanical stress and shear forces are the cells that make up the bones. Osteoblastic cells can interpret this stress as a stimulus for proliferation; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are poorly understood. We have identified annexin II as being specifically upregulated in mechanically stressed osteoblasts and found that increased levels of this protein are necessary for 1[alpha],25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) mediated augmentation of the proliferative response of osteoblasts after mechanical stress. Our data demonstrate a novel interaction between 1[alpha],25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) and annexin II in the proliferative response of osteoblasts as well as a novel function for annexin II in the stress response. These findings may offer new therapeutic opportunities for conditions that require regenerative osteoblastic activity such as osteoporosis.


Subject(s)
Annexin A2/physiology , Calcitriol/pharmacology , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Osteoblasts/drug effects , Adult , Aged , Animals , Blotting, Western , Cell Line , Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional , Humans , Mice , Middle Aged , Osteoblasts/cytology
2.
Inflamm Res ; 51(8): 416-22, 2002 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12234059

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN: Inflammatory and tumorous bronchi were screened in order to obtain new tumor relevant cytogenetic parameters. MATERIAL OR SUBJECTS: Bronchial cells of 32 patients were cultivated by standard cell culture procedures. METHODS: Tetraploidy and aneuploidy was determined by enumeration of chromosome 7 and 8 versus the number of centrosomes. The resulting data were correlated with histopathological data. RESULTS: Tetra- and aneuploidy of epithelial cells were detectable in 76% of tumor cell cultures, 75% of high grade inflammatory tissues and 40% of non- and low grade-inflammatory tissues. Additionally, we observed centrosome hyper-amplification and multipolar mitoses not only in the tumor but also in the early stages of inflammation. CONCLUSION: Inflammatory bronchi already show tumor-specific features and may consequently represent the preliminary genetic stage of cancer development in bronchi.


Subject(s)
Bronchial Neoplasms/genetics , Bronchial Neoplasms/pathology , Centrosome/pathology , Chromosome Aberrations , Polyploidy , Adult , Aged , Centrosome/metabolism , Diploidy , Female , Gene Amplification , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence , Inflammation/genetics , Inflammation/pathology , Male , Middle Aged , Mitosis , Tumor Cells, Cultured
3.
J Org Chem ; 66(15): 5217-31, 2001 Jul 27.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11463276

ABSTRACT

Rutamycin B (2) was synthesized from three principal subunits, spiroketal 75, keto aldehyde 83, and aldehyde 108. First, triol 62 was assembled by Julia coupling of sulfone 56 with aldehyde 58 followed by an acid-catalyzed spiroketalization. The three hydroxyl functions of 62 were successfully differentiated, leading to phosphonate 75. The latter was condensed in a Wadsworth-Emmons reaction with 83, prepared in six steps from (R)-aldehyde 76, to give 92. Coupling of the titanium enolate of 92 with 108 afforded Felkin product 109 with high stereoselectivity in a process that is critically dependent on the presence of the p-methoxybenzyl ether in the aldehyde. Transformation of 109 via aldehyde 116 to vinylboronate 122 was followed by macrocyclization under Suzuki conditions to yield 123. Exhaustive desilylation of the latter yielded rutamycin B.


Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemical synthesis , Rutamycin/chemical synthesis , Streptomyces aureofaciens/chemistry , Aldehydes/chemistry , Indicators and Reagents , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
4.
Ultramicroscopy ; 86(1-2): 145-50, 2001 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11215617

ABSTRACT

The identification of the entire genetic code of human DNA is more or less completed. With this knowledge, research in identifying the real information lying in the genes, will begin. This information is contained in the proteins, which are the main biological actors in the cell. For this reason proteins will be targeted in biological investigations in the future. The structure, affinity and reactivity of each identified protein has to be determined, which is a primary goal in the field of proteomics. This will require new and better strategies to identify protein-protein interaction. Our approach, based on the detection and visualization of single proteins by scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM), has allowed us to visualize various fixed and fluorochrome-labelled proteins at the nanometer scale. Subsequently SNOM may then be developed to efficiently detect the specific behavior of a certain protein in response to other biomolecules.


Subject(s)
Microscopy, Scanning Probe/methods , Proteome/analysis , Bacterial Proteins/metabolism , Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate , Fluorescent Dyes/metabolism , Streptavidin
5.
Med Hypotheses ; 56(1): 58-64, 2001 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11133256

ABSTRACT

Normal human somatic cells are diploid. But sometimes certain tissues of the human body contain elevated numbers of tetraploid cells. This tetraploid cell population seems to represent the first step of an ongoing process of polyploidization. All tissues containing tetraploid cells have in common the fact that they are subjected to stress, which is caused by a variety of circumstances like inflammation, elevated metabolism, ageing, repair processes or selection pressure. Tetraploid cells are supposed to play a beneficial role in these stress situations, because they are known to be more resistant in general and because they are characterized by an elevated biosynthetic activity. In contrast to their beneficial character, they have a big potential concerning the malignant development of a tissue: they play a crucial role in early morphological stages of the pathway hyperplasia-metaplasia-dysplasia-carcinoma. This report links several intracellular mechanisms with each other, which potentially determine the real fate of tetraploid cells.


Subject(s)
Polyploidy , Humans
7.
J Biol Chem ; 275(48): 37469-73, 2000 Dec 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10984493

ABSTRACT

The tumor suppresser protein p53 is critical for guarding the genome from incorporation of damaged DNA (Lane, D. P. (1992) Nature 358, 15-16). A relevant stress that activates p53 function is UV light (Noda, A., Toma-Aiba, Y., and Fujiwara, Y. (2000) Oncogene 19, 21-31). Another well known component of the mammalian UV response is the transcription factor c-Jun (Angel, P., and Karin, M. (1991) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1072, 129-157). We show here that upon UV irradiation p53 activates transcription of the human mismatch repair gene MSH2. Interestingly, this up-regulation critically depends on functional interaction with c-Jun. Hence, the synergistic interaction of a proto-oncogene with a tumor suppresser gene is required for the regulation of the mammalian stress response through activation of expression of MSH2.


Subject(s)
DNA Repair/genetics , DNA-Binding Proteins , Gene Expression Regulation/radiation effects , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun/metabolism , Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics , Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism , Ultraviolet Rays , Base Sequence , Cell Line , DNA , Humans , MutS Homolog 2 Protein , Promoter Regions, Genetic , Proto-Oncogene Mas , Tumor Cells, Cultured
8.
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl ; 38(23): 3552-3555, 1999 Dec 03.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10602240

ABSTRACT

Polar dyes can be solubilized in apolar media-molecular nanocapsules with hydrophilic interiors have been prepared (see schematic representation) using polyglycerols with narrow polydispersity and simple esterification with fatty acids. These unimolecular micelles offer attractive potential for a variety of applications ranging from controlled drug release to the design of microreactors and catalysts.

9.
Unfallchirurg ; 102(4): 250-66, 1999 Apr.
Article in German | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10355341

ABSTRACT

During the last 15 years biology and life science underwent a dramatic development. Daily we hear about new discoveries in this area of research. There is for example the identification of new genes, which are responsible for different phenomena: cancer genes, adipositas genes and suicide genes. Furthermore there are reports of human ears growing on the back of a mice or cloning of complex organisms (i.e. Dolly). This kind of research is mostly summarized under terms like: genetic engineering, life science, genetics, molecular biology, biochemistry, bioanalytics, tissue engineering and reproduction medicine. Because of the indiscriminate use of these terms and the complexity of the single discipline only specialists are able to understand and to assess the relevance of results. Aim of this article is to explain some of these terms and to clarify the principles of some important techniques. By this we want to show the relevance of life science for traumatology which possibly leads to new diagnostic and therapeutic concepts.


Subject(s)
Biological Science Disciplines/trends , Diagnostic Tests, Routine/trends , Emergency Medicine/trends , Molecular Biology/methods , Orthopedics/trends , Animals , Biological Science Disciplines/methods , Genetic Therapy/trends , Humans , Mice , Molecular Biology/trends , Research , Wound Healing/physiology
10.
Mol Cell Biol Res Commun ; 2(3): 190-6, 1999.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10662596

ABSTRACT

Cells from different human wounds were analyzed concerning their degree of ploidy. The experiments showed an increased tetraploidization rate in well-healing wounds especially during inflammation and proliferation. Recent data described a polyploidization in different tissues, which is accompanied and maybe caused by the multiplication of the centrosome. We show here for the first time that cells from nonmalignant tissue, namely human wound cells, are characterized by an extensive centrosome multiplication. In an effort to identify a certain mechanism, by which the centrosome may act as a modulator of the cells' ploidy, we focused our interest on p53, whose interaction with the centrosome was recently described. Applying a wound model onto p53-wildtype (wt) and p53-knockout (ko) mice, we could show that polyploidization was not reversible in p53-ko mice during wound healing. The lack of p53, the centrosome multiplication, and the polyploidization therefore may contribute to the physiological process of tissue repair in physiologically "normal" tissue.


Subject(s)
Centrosome/ultrastructure , Polyploidy , Wound Healing/genetics , Animals , Genes, p53 , Humans , In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Mice, Knockout , Wounds and Injuries/genetics , Wounds and Injuries/pathology
11.
Eur Surg Res ; 30(6): 385-92, 1998.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9838230

ABSTRACT

To investigate the role of chromosomal alterations in the process of wound healing on the cellular level, we analyzed biopsies from well-healing (10) and chronic defect (8) wounds. Classical chromosome preparation and fluorescence in situ hybridization were performed with cultured cells and smear preparations. Results from both techniques showed an unusual high rate of tetraploid cells (4 n) in granulation tissue of well-healing wounds (6.5-60%), whereas we found only a low amount of tetraploid cells (from 0 to 5.5%) in chronic wounds. In fibroblast control cultures, there was a percentage of 2-5.5%. In chromosome preparations, we noticed an increased number of nonclonal structural and numerical chromosome aberrations in both well-healing and chronic wounds. Our data show clearly that especially tetraploidization is a typical phenomenon in the well-healing wound, where it apparently supports the healing process.


Subject(s)
Polyploidy , Wound Healing/genetics , Wound Healing/physiology , Cells, Cultured , Chromosome Aberrations , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7 , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8 , Female , Granulation Tissue/ultrastructure , Humans , In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence , Karyotyping , Male
12.
Ann Surg Oncol ; 5(7): 635-41, 1998.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9831113

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Primary leiomyosarcoma of bone is a very rare malignant tumor with uncertain pathogenicity. METHODS: The authors studied five cases of surgically treated primary leiomyosarcoma of bone. Clinical histories and radiographic findings were recorded. Regular clinical and radiographic controls were obtained postoperatively. In all cases, immunohistochemical studies were used to confirm the diagnosis. Molecular biologic examinations, using the polymerase chain reaction technique with microsatellite DNA markers from regions of tumor-relevant genes, were performed to determine the stability of the genome or to detect some typical genomic changes. RESULTS: The study included three women and two men, with an average age of 42 years. The tumor was located in the pelvis in two patients, in the femur in two patients, and in the proximal tibia in one patient. All tumors were classified as high-grade tumors (four stage IIB, one stage IIA). Radiographically, all tumors appear as purely osteolytic lesions, with a geographic or moth-eaten appearance and without any sclerotic margin. Three patients underwent limb salvage surgery followed by endoprosthetic replacement. The other two patients required amputation. The mean follow-up was 19 months (range, 8-29 months). Three patients died of disease, with a mean postoperative survival period of 18 months (range, 6-27 months). Four patients developed diffuse pulmonary metastases after an average of 10.5 months. One of those patients responded well to chemotherapy. In all cases, immunohistochemistry showed strong reactivity of the tumor cells for (alpha-SMA and vimentin. Molecular biologic investigations revealed a high rate of genomic instabilities in all of the stage IIB tumors. CONCLUSION: Clinical follow-up suggests that primary osseous leiomyosarcoma has an aggressive biologic behavior. The immunohistochemical studies are useful tools and suggest that osseous leiomyosarcoma arise from the vascular smooth muscle cells within the bone. The molecular biologic findings of a high rate of genomic instability confirm the hypothesis that this rare entity is of an aggressive nature.


Subject(s)
Bone Neoplasms/genetics , Bone Neoplasms/pathology , Leiomyosarcoma/genetics , Leiomyosarcoma/pathology , Adult , Bone Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Bone Neoplasms/immunology , Female , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Leiomyosarcoma/diagnostic imaging , Leiomyosarcoma/immunology , Male , Middle Aged , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Radiography
13.
J Rheumatol ; 25(2): 208-13, 1998 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9489808

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: A new 3-dimensional cell culture system was established to examine the invasion of rheumatoid synovial cells into cartilage. METHODS: Synovial cells from 20 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 15 patients with osteoarthritis (OA) were co-cultured as multicellular spheroids with cartilage fragments. RESULTS: After 4 weeks the rheumatoid spheroids eroded the cartilage. The destruction of cartilage was supported by a high expression level of cathepsin D and matrix metalloproteinases. In contrast, the OA tissue showed attachment to the cartilage only. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that spheroid/cartilage co-cultures seem to be a suitable in vitro model for the study of destructive cellular mechanisms that occur in RA.


Subject(s)
Arthritis, Rheumatoid/pathology , Cartilage/pathology , Spheroids, Cellular/pathology , Synovial Membrane/cytology , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/metabolism , Cartilage/metabolism , Cartilage/ultrastructure , Cathepsin D/metabolism , Coculture Techniques , Collagenases/metabolism , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Models, Biological , Organ Culture Techniques , Osteoarthritis/metabolism , Osteoarthritis/pathology , Spheroids, Cellular/metabolism , Spheroids, Cellular/ultrastructure , Synovial Membrane/metabolism , Time Factors
14.
Article in German | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9931587

ABSTRACT

During the past years molecular biology has become increasing interesting for medical research. These techniques allow the identification of intra-, extra- and intercellular mechanisms, which are important for physiological and pathophysiological processes. Because healing takes place at the cellular level, molecular biology is also relevant for traumatological research. As of yet, there are only a few papers which deal with molecular biological and traumatological problems. For this reason, we only have little knowledge of the function of genes and proteins during wound and fracture healing, for example. To demonstrate the possibilities of molecular biology, we present an experimental strategy by which these techniques can help to answer special traumatological questions.


Subject(s)
Fracture Healing/genetics , Wound Healing/genetics , Wounds and Injuries/surgery , Animals , Humans , Molecular Biology , Research , Wounds and Injuries/physiopathology
15.
Langenbecks Arch Chir Suppl Kongressbd ; 115(Suppl I): 43-4, 1998.
Article in German | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14518209

ABSTRACT

Granulation tissue of normal and non-healing human wounds showed a similar distribution pattern of the cell populations investigated by FACS analysis, whereas only non-healing wounds revealed a reduced density of cells and intercellular matrix. Thus, supporting the thesis that impaired wound healing is not caused by changes of the cellular distribution pattern of granulation tissue, but possibly by lessened cell function.


Subject(s)
Flow Cytometry , Granulation Tissue/pathology , Wound Healing/physiology , Cell Count , Extracellular Matrix/pathology , Humans
16.
Cell Stress Chaperones ; 2(3): 175-9, 1997 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9314605

ABSTRACT

A rise in intracellular calcium may mediate ischemic damage by phospholipid hydrolysis and proteolysis. Heat shock proteins have been shown to provide protection from various forms of cell stress, but not from models of Ca(2+)-mediated injury. The effect of heat preconditioning in a model of ionomycin-induced injury in cultured renal tubular epithelial cells (BSC-1) was examined. Hsp70-mRNA expression was induced by hyperthermia (HT) (42 degrees C, 60 min). Hsp70 protein accumulation was maximal after 12-18 h and returned to baseline levels by 96 h. Treatment of BSC-1 cells with ionomycin (7.0 microM) produced lethal cell injury characterized by LDH release. Cells examined at 18 h after HT were significantly less damaged than cells studied at 96 h after HT. Our data are the first to demonstrate that heat preconditioning confers protection from Ca(2+)-mediated cell injury. The state of increased tolerance is transient and closely parallels kinetics of Hsp70 expression.


Subject(s)
Calcium/toxicity , Epithelial Cells/drug effects , Epithelial Cells/metabolism , Hot Temperature , Ischemic Preconditioning , Kidney Tubules/drug effects , Kidney Tubules/metabolism , Amino Acid Transport Systems , Animals , Biological Transport , Calcium/metabolism , Carrier Proteins/chemistry , Carrier Proteins/metabolism , Cell Line , Chlorocebus aethiops , HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins/biosynthesis , HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins/genetics , Kidney Tubules/cytology , RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis , Sodium/physiology , Threonine/metabolism
17.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun ; 234(1): 153-6, 1997 May 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9168980

ABSTRACT

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterised by chronic inflammation of synovial tissue with aggressive proliferation of synovial cells causing destruction of cartilage and bone. Immunopathological mechanisms, infectious causes and genetic factors have been discussed, but the etiology of the disease has not been understood until now. Especially, the mechanisms driving tumourlike growth and invasive behaviour of fibroblastoid synovial cells have not been identified yet. Our aim is to find cellular factors which are mediators for such pathways. One possibility to approach this, is searching for disease-relevant genes. We applied the mRNA-differential display technique to compare mRNA expression patterns of normal and rheumatic synovial fibroblasts. We identified an upregulation of the human semaphorin E gene in rheumatoid synovial fibroblastoid cells. Interestingly semaphorin E is a member of a protein-family described to play an immunosuppressive role via inhibition cytokines. A relevance of this finding towards the pathogenesis of RA is discussed.


Subject(s)
Arthritis, Rheumatoid/genetics , Gene Expression Regulation , Membrane Proteins/genetics , Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics , Synovial Membrane/metabolism , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/etiology , Blotting, Northern , Cells, Cultured , Cloning, Molecular , DNA, Complementary/chemistry , Electrophoresis, Agar Gel , Humans , Molecular Sequence Data , RNA, Messenger/genetics , Sequence Analysis , Up-Regulation
18.
Am J Physiol ; 271(5 Pt 1): G929-35, 1996 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8944709

ABSTRACT

Heme oxygenase (HO)-derived carbon monoxide (CO) may contribute to vascular control through elevation of guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate. In the present study, we investigated the functional significance of expression of the isoenzyme HO-1 (heat-shock protein 32) in liver after hemorrhage/resuscitation (H/R) in rats anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium. An increase of mRNA levels for HO-1 was observed at 3 h after resuscitation, followed by induction of the protein at 6 h in pericentral hepatocytes and sinusoidal lining cells. Concomitantly, lower portal resistance was observed in H/R (0.33 +/- 0.060 mmHg.ml-1.min) compared with control rats (0.47 +/- 0.035 mmHg.ml-1.min). Blockade of the HO-CO pathway by tin protoporphyrin-IX (SnPP-IX) led to a transient increase in portal pressure with no effect on portal low in controls, whereas an increase in pressure and a decrease in flow contributed to the sustained increase in portal resistance after H/R. These results indicate that HO contributes to maintenance of hepatic perfusion in vivo under stressful conditions, suggesting a functional link between stress response and vascular control in portal circulation.


Subject(s)
Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing)/biosynthesis , Liver/enzymology , Portal System , Shock, Hemorrhagic/physiopathology , Transcription, Genetic , Animals , Blood Pressure , Enzyme Induction , Isoenzymes/biosynthesis , Kinetics , Liver/physiopathology , Male , Portal System/drug effects , RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Reference Values , Resuscitation , Shock, Hemorrhagic/enzymology , Time Factors , Vascular Resistance
19.
Ann Rheum Dis ; 55(5): 298-304, 1996 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8660103

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To identify genes that are involved in the development and progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS: We used a multiple gene analysis system and a set of available genes participating in processes such as proliferation, differentiation, tumour progression, and metastasis, to identify their RA related expression. Synovial tissues from 22 patients with RA were evaluated in comparison with those from six patients with osteoarthritis and two patients with non-inflamed joints as controls, using northern blot and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction experiments. RESULTS: Our data confirm the role of c-fos and c-jun as constitutive signal transmitters in solid RA tissues, thus demonstrating the potential of the approach. Activation of both genes persisted through multiple passages of the cells in tissue cultures derived from the synovial lining of RA tissues. There was an increased expression of ets-2 in 30% of RA samples and an up to 30-fold decreased expression of the potential metastasis suppressor gene nm23-H1 in 90% of RA tissues, compared with control tissues. CONCLUSIONS: The data presented show for the first time a significant decrease of nm23-H1 expression in RA, which is possibly involved in local invasiveness, and a strong activation of the ets-2 nuclear oncogene in about one third of RA tissues, which may also be part of a pathway leading to advanced disease stages. The constitutive expression of c-fos and c-jun in RA tissue most probably results from a continuing inflammatory stimulus. These findings with cell cultures suggest an intrinsic activation mechanism of these early response genes in RA.


Subject(s)
Arthritis, Rheumatoid/genetics , DNA-Binding Proteins , Gene Expression , Genes, fos , Genes, jun , Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins , Nucleoside-Diphosphate Kinase , Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics , Repressor Proteins , Synovial Membrane/metabolism , Trans-Activators/genetics , Transcription Factors/genetics , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/metabolism , Base Sequence , Blotting, Northern , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7 , DNA Primers/genetics , Humans , Molecular Sequence Data , NM23 Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinases , Osteoarthritis/genetics , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Proto-Oncogene Protein c-ets-2 , Signal Transduction/genetics , Synovial Membrane/pathology , Trisomy/genetics
20.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun ; 214(3): 1009-14, 1995 Sep 25.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7575503

ABSTRACT

Heat shock protein 70 (hsp 70) is an important member of the heat shock protein family, which is induced by different forms of stress. We attempted to find out if hsp 70 is also involved in wound healing, which likewise resembles a stress situation for cells too. Therefore we collected tissue samples from well healing and chronic human wound tissue. We used Northern- and Western-blot analysis to study the expression of hsp 70. At the protein level we found a strong correlation between well healing wounds and high expression of hsp 70, whereas chronic wounds showed no or weak expression. Interestingly hsp 70 mRNA did not show this significant correlation, displaying a variant expression pattern in the same kind of wound tissue, possibly due to unknown posttranscriptional regulating step, which has to be investigated in further studies. To localize hsp 70 mRNA and protein was used insitu hybridization and immunohistochemistry. Both displayed an overexpression in endothelial cells of capillary vessels.


Subject(s)
Gene Expression , HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins/biosynthesis , Wound Healing , Wounds and Injuries/metabolism , Base Sequence , Biopsy , Blotting, Northern , Blotting, Western , Chronic Disease , Granuloma/metabolism , Granuloma/pathology , HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins/analysis , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , In Situ Hybridization , Molecular Sequence Data , Oligonucleotide Probes , Pressure Ulcer/metabolism , Pressure Ulcer/pathology , RNA/analysis , RNA/biosynthesis , Wounds and Injuries/pathology
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