[Simulation training for French obstetrics and gynecology residents: A national survey in 2022]. / Formation initiale par la simulation pour les internes français de gynécologie et obstétrique : état des lieux en 2022.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the use of simulation among French Obstetrics and Gynecology residency programs. METHODS: A survey was conducted with all 28 French residency program directors. The questionnaire covered equipment and human resources, training programs, types of simulation tools and time spent. RESULTS: Of the cities hosting a residency program, 93% (26/28) responded regarding equipment and human resources, and 75% (21/28) responded regarding training program details. All respondents declared having at least one structure dedicated to simulation. A formal training program was reported by 81% (21/26) of cities. This training program was mandatory in 73% of the cases. There was a median number of seven senior trainers involved, three of whom had received a specific training in medical education. Most of declared simulation activities concerned technical skills in obstetrics and surgery. Simulations to practice breaking bad news were offered by 62% (13/21) of cities. The median number of half-days spent annually on simulation training was 55 (IQR: 38-83). CONCLUSION: Simulation training is now widely available among French residency programs. There remains heterogeneity between centers regarding equipment, time spent and content of simulation curricula. The French College of Teachers of Gynecology and Obstetrics has proposed a roadmap for the content of simulation-based training based on the results of this survey. An inventory of all existing "train the trainers" simulation programs in France is also provided.

Ultrasound assessment of fetal head position and station before operative delivery: Can it predict difficulty?

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether ultrasound assessment of fetal head position and station though head perineum distance (HPD), is more predictive of a difficult operative vaginal delivery (OVD) than digital examination. METHODS: Retrospective, monocentric case control study including all singleton OVD at ≥34 weeks gestation. The principal criteria for a difficult OVD were based on a composite criterion of: an OVD considered "difficult" by the birth attendant, and/or two vacuum device detachments if a vacuum was used, and/or change of instrument, and/or a cesarean delivery for OVD failure. RESULTS: Two hundred eighty-six OVDs were included, among which 65 (22.7%) were difficult. The area under the curve (AUC) for predicting difficult OVD according to fetal position from digital examination or ultrasound was 0.62 (95% CI: 0.54-0.70) and 0.66 (95% CI: 0.58-0.73), respectively. Regarding fetal station, the AUCs of HPD without and with pressure were 0.59 (95% CI: 0.51-0.66) and 0.60 (95% CI: 0.51-0.68), respectively. Factors associated with difficult OVD were posterior and transverse positions (OR: 2.931, 95% CI: 1.640-5.239; p= 0.0003), HPD without pressure (threshold of 37 mm, OR: 2.327, 95% CI: 1.247-4.245; p= 0.0080), and HPD with pressure (threshold of 17 mm, OR: 2.594, 95% CI: 1.230-5.429; p= 0.0114). CONCLUSION: Ultrasound assessment of fetal head position and station before OVD moderately predicts difficult OVD. Ultrasound assessment of posterior or transverse positions and HPD with a threshold of 37 mm (without compression of soft tissue) and 17 mm (with compression) were factors associated with difficult OVD.

[Use of the SBAR tool: Assessment of the value of a short training course on the quality of communication between caregivers in the short and long term]. / Utilisation de l'outil SAED : évaluation de l'intérêt d'une formation courte sur la qualité de la communication entre soignants à court et à long terme.

OBJECTIVES: Communication breakdown is one of the main causes of adverse events in clinical routine. The main objective of this study was to assess whether a short training course on medical communication based on the situation-background-assessment-recommendation (SBAR) tool improved the quality of communication in clinical practice. METHODS: Interventional study, conducted at the Jeanne de Flandre maternity unit (Lille University Hospital, France) between January 2017 and December 2019. The training sessions lasted 1 hour and consisted of a theoretical part, based on the SBAR tool, and of a practical part (video-stimulated recall and role-play case scenarios). The main outcome measure was the evaluation of the quality of the telephone calls made by a caregiver to the on-call doctor, using a questionnaire completed before (Q1) and remotely from training (Q2). RESULTS: One hundred and twenty health professionals were trained (n=120). Following the trainings, there was an improvement in communication in the short term, whether in terms of relevance (64.9 vs. 52.6, P<0.001) or conciseness of the message (36.9 vs. 32.2, P<0.001), but also in terms of long-term in a real clinical situation (Q2: 3.9 vs. Q1: 3.0, P<0.001). Finally, 81% of participants were satisfied with the training. CONCLUSIONS: Short training sessions on communication based on the SBAR tool appeared to improve participants' knowledge and skills in the short-term, but also in the longer term in a real clinical situation.

Does an intrauterine exchange transfusion improve the fetal prognosis in parvovirus infection cases?

BACKGROUND: Almost 20% of parvovirus B19 foetal infections require intrauterine transfusions. In addition, myocardial dysfunction has been observed in severe parvovirus B19 infections. One objective of an intrauterine exchange transfusion (IUET) is to avoid an overload during the transfusion. Our aim was to study the obstetrical and neonatal outcomes in cases of IUETs performed for foetal parvovirus infections and to compare our survival rate to those studies in which simple in utero transfusions were chosen. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: This was a retrospective monocentre study of all patients followed up for parvovirus B19 infections in which IUETs were performed. An IUET was indicated when foetal hydrops was observed and/or when severe foetal anaemia was diagnosed though an elevation in the middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity. The characteristics of each pregnancy and the neonatal outcomes were studied until hospital discharge. RESULTS: Thirty-five IUETs were performed in 26 foetuses. The median gestational age of the first IUET was 22.6 weeks. Only one foetal bradycardia incidence was recorded during the procedure. Three medical pregnancy terminations were observed in our series, secondary to severe cerebral anomalies confirmed in the magnetic resonance imaging. Five in utero deaths occurred, in which 2 of the foetuses underwent multiple IUETs. All the neonates had normal haemoglobin levels at birth, and none were transferred to the neonatal intensive care unit. The overall survival rate was 70%. CONCLUSION: IUETs exhibit a survival rate similar to that of simple intrauterine transfusions in foetal parvovirus infection cases.

[Sport: A key element for myometrial contractility and regulation of adipokines in obese pregnant women?] / Le sport : un élément clé pour la contractilité myométriale et la régulation des adipokines chez la femme enceinte obèse ?

Obesity is a major public health problem. Pregnant women are also affected by this epidemic. In pregnant women, obesity increases obstetric and neonatal complications, and is associated with alterations in the quality of labor that could be explained by reduced myometrial contractility. This leads to an increase in the rate of caesarean sections and postpartum haemorrhages in this population at risk. Adipokines, hormones secreted by adipose tissue, may have a role in altering the myometrial contractility. Weight loss in these patients is based on dietary management and on physical activity, which could be a way to improve adipokines action and uterine contractility. The objective of this literature review was to review current knowledge about the role of adipokines on uterine contractility in obese pregnant women and to assess the interest of sport in improving contractility and in reducing obstetric complications in these women.

[Pudendal nerve block for perineo-vulvar surgery: monocentered prospective and randomised study]. / Bloc du nerf pudendal en chirurgie périnéo-vulvaire : étude monocentrique prospective randomisée.

OBJECTIVES: Evaluation of pudendal nerve block on the quality of analgesia in perineal or vulvar surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We realised a monocentered, prospective and randomised study of all patients undergoing perineo-vulvar surgery. Two groups of patients were evaluated: general anaesthesia alone (GA group, 41 patients) and both general anaesthesia and bilateral nerve stimulator-guided pudendal nerve block (15 mL of Ropivacaïne 5 mg.mL(-1)+0,5 µg.kg(-1) of Clonidine) (PB group, 42 patients). Evaluation of pain was realised with per- and post-surgical prescription of hypnotics and antalgics was noted. The primary outcome measure was the Visual Analogic Scale (VAS) pain means scores in the first postoperative 24 hours. RESULTS: There was no difference in the VAS pain means scores in the first 24 hours, but it seemed to have a decrease in VAS pain at 2 hours in the PB group. Analgesic consumption during surgery was decreased in the same group. No complication of the pudendal block has been reported. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The nerve stimulator-guided pudendal nerve block is a simple and useful method which can, when associated with general anesthesia, reduce per-operative antalgics consumption and a decrease in the immediate postoperative pain in perineal or vulvar surgery, without complication or lengthening operating time. Further studies are needed to confirm the effectiveness of this technique and evaluate the costs and potential complications.

Pelvic endometriosis in women under 25: a specific management?

AIM: The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of women under 25 years with pelvic endometriosis and assess their potential for recurrence and fertility after surgery. METHODS: In a comparative retrospective study, 108 patients aged less than 25 years who underwent surgery for pelvic endometriosis were included: 49 in the DIE group (deep infiltrating endometriosis) and 59 in the SE group (superficial endometriosis). The main outcome measures were complications, recurrence and fertility. This study received the favorable opinion of the CEROG No 2012-GYN-04-02. RESULTS: The diagnosis was made at 21.6 ± 2.8 years, mainly considering clinical signs (78.4%), and on average 4.3 ± 3.7 years after the onset of symptoms; 16.1% of patients had to be reoperated (N.=5/31) due to a recurrence of their endometriosis. There were more recurrent pain (50% vs. 21.7%, P=0.005) and endometriosis (35.7 vs. 19.6%, P=0.08) in the DIE group. 75% (N.=33/44) patients desired pregnancy after surgery and 50% of them became pregnant, with one third thanks to assisted reproductive technology. CONCLUSION: In young women, endometriosis is often more severe. The early treatment does not improve the rate of recurrence and fertility, but can reduce pain and thus improve the quality of life.

[Robotic-assisted laparoscopy for deep infiltrating endometriosis: the Register of the Society of European Robotic Gynaecological Surgery]. / Place de la robotique dans l'endométriose pelvienne profonde : à propos du registre de la SERGS.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the interest of robotic-assisted laparoscopy in the context of deep infiltrating endometriosis and to investigate perioperative results. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From November 2008 to April 2012, 164 women with stage IV endometriosis who underwent robotic-assisted laparoscopy (DA VINCI Intuitive Surgical System(®)) were included by eight international participating clinical centers. Patients were divided in 4 groups according to the localization of the nodule(s): rectum (n=88), bladder (n=23), ureter and uterosacral ligaments (n=115) et hysterectomy (n=28). We evaluated the procedures performed, the duration of intervention, the complications, the recurrence and the impact on fertility. RESULTS: In the rectum group, there was a laparotomy conversion, 2 sutured rectal injuries and a red cells blood transfusion. In the bladder group, there was a vesicovaginal hematoma and a prolongated intermittent self-catheterization. In the ureter and uterosacral ligaments group, there was 2 ureteral fistulas and there was no complication in the hysterectomy group. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: This study is the largest series published in the literature on robotic-assisted laparoscopy for deep infiltrating endometriosis. The interest of robotic-assisted laparoscopy in deep infiltrating endometriosis seems to be promising while no increase in surgical time, blood loss, and intra- and postoperative complications were observed.

[Immunological aspect of pregnancy]. / Aspects immunologiques de la grossesse.

Pregnancy is a temporary semi-allograft that survives for nine months. The importance of this event for the survival of the species justifies several tolerance mechanisms that are put into place at the beginning of pregnancy, some of which occur even at the time of implantation. The presence of multiple tolerance mechanisms and the richness of the means employed underline the central importance of the trophoblast. Understanding these mechanisms, and in particular, their integration into an overall scheme, enables the anomalies encountered in certain pathologies of pregnancy to be placed into context. Understanding these mechanisms and their interruption at the end of pregnancy should improve our understanding of disappointing results from current immunological treatments facilitate the implementation of new prophylactic and therapeutic strategies.