All-optical instantaneous RF signal frequency measurement system based on a linear ACF with a steep slope.

A new microwave photonic structure for measuring the frequency of an RF signal, to the best of our knowledge, is presented. The frequency of an unknown RF signal can be determined by simply measuring the system output optical powers. The proposed frequency measurement system can be designed so that the ratio of the two system output optical powers as a function of the RF signal frequency or the amplitude comparison function (ACF) has a steep linear slope over a wide frequency range. This enables the RF signal frequency to be measured in high resolution and high accuracy. The proposed frequency measurement system has a simple and compact structure, and is free of high-speed photodetectors as well as RF components and instruments. It also has a fast response time compared to many reported photonics-based frequency measurement systems. A proof-of-concept experiment is carried out. Experimental results show a linear ACF with a slope of more than 4.4 dB/GHz over a frequency measurement range of 5-26 GHz and a frequency measurement accuracy of better than ±0.1G H z.

Discrimination and evaluation of commercial salmons by low-molecule-weight compounds: Oligopeptides and phosphatides.

In this study, the overall sensory characteristics and low-molecule-weight compounds were analyzed to achieve the discrimination of different commercial salmons and investigate the salmon's sensory and nutritional quality. The results showed that above the overall sensory properties, O. mykiss, S. salar, and O. kisutch were the most satisfied salmons by the panel with the desirable texture and flavor, which displayed a large potential for growth in the consumption market. The alcohols and sulfur compounds were key volatile compounds contributing to typical aroma of O. masou and O. gorbuscha, response higher than others by 147% to 167%. The oligopeptides and phospholipids in salmon could be used as biomarkers for discrimination of these salmon. Oligopeptides were also closely related to the taste quality of salmon. Seventeen oligopeptides showed potential umami activity based on molecular docking results, especially Arg-Val and Ser-Asn, which were the key tastants contributing to the umami of salmon.

Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes as Drug Carriers for Delivering miRNA-29b to Ameliorate Inflammation in Corneal Injury Via Activating Autophagy.

Purpose: Corneal injury (CI) resulting in corneal opacity remains a clinical challenge. Exosomes (Exos) derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have been proven effective in repairing various tissue injuries and are also considered excellent drug carriers due to their biological properties. Recently, microRNA-29b (miR-29b) was found to play an important role in the autophagy regulation which correlates with cell inflammation and fibrosis. However, the effects of miR-29b and autophagy on CI remain unclear. To find better treatments for CI, we used Exos to carry miR-29b and investigated its effects in the treatment of CI. Methods: BMSCs were transfected with miR-29b-3p agomir/antagomir and negative controls (NCs) to obtain Exos-29b-ago, Exos-29b-anta, and Exos-NC. C57BL/6J mice that underwent CI surgeries were treated with Exos-29b-ago, Exos-29b-anta, Exos-NC, or PBS. The autophagy, inflammation, and fibrosis of the cornea were estimated by slit-lamp, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, immunofluorescence, RT‒qPCR, and Western blot. The effects of miR-29b-3p on autophagy and inflammation in immortalized human corneal epithelial cells (iHCECs) were also investigated. Results: Compared to PBS, Exos-29b-ago, Exos-29b-anta, and Exos-NC all could ameliorate corneal inflammation and fibrosis. However, Exos-29b-ago, which accumulated a large amount of miR-29b-3p, exerted excellent potency via autophagy activation by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and further inhibited corneal inflammation via the mTOR/NF-κB/IL-1ß pathway. After Exos-29b-ago treatment, the expressions of collagen type III, α-smooth muscle actin, fibronectin, and vimentin were significantly decreased than in other groups. In addition, overexpression of miR-29b-3p prevented iHCECs from autophagy impairment and inflammatory injury. Conclusions: Exos from BMSCs carrying miR-29b-3p can significantly improve the therapeutic effect on CI via activating autophagy and further inhibiting corneal inflammation and fibrosis.

[Rules of prescriptions for heart failure of dilated cardiomyopathy based on latent structure model and association rules].

The latent structure model and association rules analysis were employed to explore the compatibility rules of prescriptions for heart failure of dilated cardiomyopathy, with a view to providing theoretical support for the clinical treatment of this disease based on syndrome differentiation and the formulation of guidelines. The articles about the treatment of heart failure of dilated cardiomyopathy were retrieved from CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, and SinoMed. The database was established in Microsoft Excel 2019. Lantern 5.0 and Rstudio were used to analyze the latent structure and association rules of Chinese medicine with the frequency greater than 4.00%. Furthermore, the frequency structure model was used to mine the rules of prescriptions for heart failure of dilated cardiomyopathy. The study included 175 traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) prescriptions, involving 128 Chinese medicines, with the cumulative frequency of 1 847. High-frequency medicines included Astragali Radix, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Poria, Cinnamomi Ramulus, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, with the main effects of tonifying, activating blood, resolving stasis, and releasing exterior. A total of 17 hidden variables, 34 hidden categories, and 6 comprehensive cluster models, along with 15 core prescriptions, were obtained. According to the prescriptions, the patients mainly had the syndromes of heart-Yang and Qi deficiency, Qi deficiency and blood stasis, heart-kidney Yang deficiency or Qi-Yin deficiency. Fifty-four strong association rules were obtained through association rule analysis. The highest degree of support was observed for the combination of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma-Astragali Radix, while the highest degree of confidence was found for the combination of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma-Cinnamomi Ramulus-Ophiopogonis Radix-Astragali Radix. The heart failure of dilated cardiomyopathy, characterized by internal deficiency and excess manifestations, is attributed to deficiency, stasis, and water. These factors are closely associated with the heart, lung, and spleen. The treatment should follow the principle of invigorating Qi and warming Yang, and meanwhile the method of activating blood and resolve stasis or moving Qi and promoting urination can be adopted according to the specific syndrome of patients.

A new strategy for accelerating recovery of anaerobic granular sludge after low-temperature shock: In situ regulation of quorum sensing microorganisms embedded in polyvinyl alcohol sodium alginate.

Low-temperature could inhibit the performance of anaerobic granular sludge (AnGS). Quorum sensing (QS), as a communication mode between microorganisms, can effectively regulate AnGS. In this study, a kind of embedded particles (PVA/SA@Serratia) based on signal molecule secreting bacteria was prepared by microbial immobilization technology based on polyvinyl alcohol and sodium alginate to accelerate the recovery of AnGS system after low temperature. Low-temperature shock experiment verified the positive effect of PVA/SA@Serratia on restoring the COD removal rate and methanogenesis capacity of AnGS. Further analysis by metagenomics analysis showed that PVA/SA@Serratia stimulated higher QS activity and promoted the secretion of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) in AnGS. The rapid construction of EPS protective layer effectively accelerated the establishment of a robust microbial community structure. PVA/SA@Serratia also enhanced multiple methanogenic pathways, including direct interspecies electron transfer. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that PVA/SA@Serratia could effectively strengthen AnGS after low-temperature shock.

Characteristics and health impacts of bioaerosols in animal barns: A comprehensive study.

Bioaerosols produced during animal production have potential adverse effects on the health of workers and animals. Our objective was to investigate characteristics, antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs), and health risks of bioaerosols in various animal barns. Poultry and swine barns had high concentrations of airborne bacteria (11156 and 10917 CFU/m3, respectively). Acinetobacter, Clostridium sensu stricto, Corynebacterium, Pseudomonas, Psychrobacter, Streptococcus, and Staphylococcus were dominant pathogenic bacteria in animal barns, with Firmicutes being the most abundant bacterial phylum. Based on linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe), there were more discriminative biomarkers in cattle barns than in poultry or swine barns, although the latter had the highest abundance of bacterial pathogens and high abundances of ARGs (including tetM, tetO, tetQ, tetW sul1, sul2, ermA, ermB) and intI1). Based on network analyses, there were higher co-occurrence patterns between bacteria and ARGs in bioaerosol from swine barns. Furthermore, in these barns, relative abundance of bacteria in bioaerosol samples was greatly affected by environmental factors, mainly temperature, relative humidity, and concentrations of CO2, NH3, and PM2.5. This study provided novel data regarding airborne bio-contaminants in animal enclosures and an impetus to improve management to reduce potential health impacts on humans and animals.

A core scientific problem in the treatment of central nervous system diseases: newborn neurons.

It has long been asserted that failure to recover from central nervous system diseases is due to the system's intricate structure and the regenerative incapacity of adult neurons. Yet over recent decades, numerous studies have established that endogenous neurogenesis occurs in the adult central nervous system, including humans'. This has challenged the long-held scientific consensus that the number of adult neurons remains constant, and that new central nervous system neurons cannot be created or renewed. Herein, we present a comprehensive overview of the alterations and regulatory mechanisms of endogenous neurogenesis following central nervous system injury, and describe novel treatment strategies that target endogenous neurogenesis and newborn neurons in the treatment of central nervous system injury. Central nervous system injury frequently results in alterations of endogenous neurogenesis, encompassing the activation, proliferation, ectopic migration, differentiation, and functional integration of endogenous neural stem cells. Because of the unfavorable local microenvironment, most activated neural stem cells differentiate into glial cells rather than neurons. Consequently, the injury-induced endogenous neurogenesis response is inadequate for repairing impaired neural function. Scientists have attempted to enhance endogenous neurogenesis using various strategies, including using neurotrophic factors, bioactive materials, and cell reprogramming techniques. Used alone or in combination, these therapeutic strategies can promote targeted migration of neural stem cells to an injured area, ensure their survival and differentiation into mature functional neurons, and facilitate their integration into the neural circuit. Thus can integration replenish lost neurons after central nervous system injury, by improving the local microenvironment. By regulating each phase of endogenous neurogenesis, endogenous neural stem cells can be harnessed to promote effective regeneration of newborn neurons. This offers a novel approach for treating central nervous system injury.

Dynamic causes contribute to the increasing trend of red tides in the east China sea during 2020-2022.

Red tide is a marine phenomenon caused by the excessive growth of microscopic algae in the ocean. This study aims to analyze the development trends of red tides in the past 20 years and the dynamic external causes that induce red tides based on existing satellite remote sensing and numerical simulation data. And the changes in dominant species of red tides in different seasons are analyzed. The results show significant temperature fluctuations within the week before the red tide occurs, with an average increase of 1.42 °C. In contrast, the change in salinity is relatively small. Meanwhile, ocean fronts are areas in the ocean where different water masses meet and form boundaries. The average strength of ocean fronts increased by 3.7%, indicating enhanced ocean mixing over a short period of time. Under the combined influence of these factors, the probability of a red tide outbreak in the East China Sea increases rapidly. Therefore, this study has important reference value for further research on the causes of red tides and their response to ocean dynamic changes.

Mussel inspired sequential protein delivery based on self-healing injectable nanocomposite hydrogel.

Polysaccharide based self-healing and injectable hydrogels with reversible characteristics have widespread potential in protein drug delivery. However, it is a challenge to design the dynamic hydrogel for sequential release of protein drugs. Herein, we developed a novel mussel inspired sequential protein delivery dynamic polysaccharide hydrogel. The nanocomposite hydrogel can be fabricated through doping polydopamine nanoparticles (PDA NPs) into reversible covalent bond (imine bonds) crosslinked polymer networks of oxidized hyaluronic acid (OHA) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CEC), named PDA NPs@OHA-l-CEC. Besides multiple capabilities (i.e., injection, self-healing, and biodegradability), the nanocomposite hydrogel can achieve sustained and sequential protein delivery of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and bovine serum albumin (BSA). PDA NPs doped in hydrogel matrix serve dual roles, acting as secondary protein release structures and form dynamic non-covalent interactions (i.e., hydrogen bonds) with polysaccharides. Moreover, by adjusting the oxidation degree of OHA, the hydrogels with different crosslinking density could control overall protein release rate. Analysis of different release kinetic models revealed that Fickian diffusion drove rapid VEGF release, while the slower BSA release followed a Super Case II transport mechanism. The novel biocompatible system achieved sequential release of protein drugs has potentials in multi-stage synergistic drug deliver based on dynamic hydrogel.

Association of serum albumin with heart failure mortality with NYHA class IV in Chinese patients: Insights from PhysioNet database (version 1.3).

BACKGROUND: Studies have proved that low albumin level is associated with increased mortality in most diseases, such as chronic kidney disease and hepatic cirrhosis. However, the relationship between albumin and all-cause death in heart failure patients in China is still unclear. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to investigate the association between albumin level and 28-day mortality in Chinese hospitalized patients with NYHA IV heart failure. METHODS: A total of 2008 Chinese patients were included. The correlation between serum albumin level and mortality was tested using a cox proportional hazards regression model. The smooth curve fitting was used to identify non-linear relationships between serum albumin and mortality. The Forest plot analysis was used to assess the association between albumin and 28-day mortality in different groups. RESULTS: Compared with patients with NYHA II-III, patients with NYHA IV had lower albumin level and higher mortality within 28 days. The albumin on admission was independently and inversely associated with the endpoint risk, which remained significant (hazard ratio: 0.80; 95 % confidence interval: 0.66 to 0.96; p = 0.0196) after multivariable adjustment. The smooth curve fitting showed with the increase of albumin, the mortality within 28 days would decrease. A subgroup analysis found that the inverse association between the albumin level and risk of the mortality was consistent across the subgroup stratified by possible influence factors. CONCLUSION: Serum albumin level is negatively associated with 28-day mortality in hospitalized heart failure patients within NYHA IV in China, which can be used as an independent predictor.

Estimated pulse wave velocity and cognitive outcomes: A post hoc analysis of SPRINT-MIND.

BACKGROUND: Arterial stiffness has been confirmed to be associated with cognitive impairment. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) is widely regarded as the gold standard for assessing arterial stiffness, yet it is not readily accessible. In response, the use of estimated pulse wave velocity (ePWV) has been proposed as a more accessible and cost-effective alternative. ePWV not only offers ease of calculation but also covers a broader spectrum of vascular aging processes, some of which may be distinct from those detected by cfPWV. The aim of our study was to investigate the association between ePWV and cognitive outcomes in SPRINT-MIND (Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial Memory and Cognition in Decreased Hypertension). METHODS: This study was a post-hoc analysis of the SPRINT-MIND. The primary endpoint was a composite outcome including probable dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The calculation of ePWV was based on age and mean blood pressure. The association between ePWV and cognitive outcomes was assessed using Cox regression analysis. The response of ePWV to antihypertensive treatment at 12 months was used to define treatment efficacy. RESULTS: 8563 patients were enrolled. The ePWV was found to be independently associated with risk of probable dementia (Tertile 3 vs. Tertile 1: HR, 95% CI: 1.70, 1.08-2.68, P = 0.023, P for trend = 0.013), MCI (Tertile 3 vs. Tertile 1: HR, 95% CI: 2.35, 1.71-3.23, P < 0.001, P for trend < 0.001), and the composite outcome of probable dementia or MCI (Tertile 3 vs. Tertile 1: HR, 95% CI: 2.17, 1.65-2.86, P < 0.001, P for trend < 0.001). The combined effect of treatment allocation and the response of ePWV to treatment exhibited that intensive/ePWV responders had the lowest risk of the primary outcome (Log-rank P = 0.002). CONCLUSION: EPWV demonstrated independent predictive value for cognitive outcomes in SPRINT-MIND.

PaCHNOC: Packet and Circuit Hybrid Switching NoC for Real-Time Parallel Stream Signal Processing.

Real-time heterogeneous parallel embedded digital signal processor (DSP) systems process multiple data streams in parallel in a stringent time interval. This type of system on chip (SoC) requires the network on chip (NoC) to establish multiple symbiotic parallel data transmission paths with ultra-low transmission latency in real time. Our early NoC research PCCNOC meets this need. The PCCNOC uses packet routing to establish and lock a transmission circuit, so that PCCNOC is perfectly suitable for ultra-low latency and high-bandwidth transmission of long data packets. However, a parallel multi-data stream DSP system also needs to transmit roughly the same number of short data packets for job configuration and job execution status reports. While transferring short data packets, the link establishment routing delay of short data packets becomes relatively obvious. Our further research, thus, introduced PaCHNOC, a hybrid NoC in which long data packets are transmitted through a circuit established and locked by routing, and short data packets are attached to the routing packet and the transmission is completed during the routing process, thus avoiding the PCCNOC setup delay. Simulation shows that PaCHNOC performs well in supporting real-time heterogeneous parallel embedded DSP systems and achieves overall latency reduction 65% compared with related works. Finally, we used PaCHNOC in the baseband subsystem of a real 5G base station, which proved that our research is the best NoC for baseband subsystem of 5G base stations, which reduce 31% comprehensive latency in comparison to related works.

Hierarchical surface-modification of nano-Cu toward one pot H-transfer-coupling-cyclization-CO2 fixation tandem reactions.

Fixation of CO2 into dihydroisobenzofuran derivatives has enormous applications in both production of natural products and antidepressant drugs, and reducing the green-house effect. However, the relatively complicated multi-step processes limit the further expansion of such a valuable CO2 conversion strategy. Herein, we hierarchically modify the surface of Cu nanoparticles (NPs) with Ag NPs and the robust metal-organic framework (MOF), ZIF-8, and report the presence of the Cu-Ag yolk-shell nanoalloy based heterogeneous catalysts, Cu@Ag and Cu@Ag@ZIF-8. The latter exhibits a crystalline "raisin bread" structure and specific synergic activity for catalyzing the tandem reactions of intra-molecular H-transfer, C-C and C-O coupling, cyclization, and carboxylation from CO2, leading to the first non-homogeneous preparation of dihydroisobenzofuran derivatives in high yield, selectivity, and recyclability under mild conditions. Theoretical calculations elucidate the tandem reaction pathway synergically catalyzed by Cu@Ag@ZIF-8, which offers insights for designing multiphase catalysts towards both organic synthesis and CO2 fixation through tandem processes in one pot.

Elevated KDM4D Expression in Pterygium: Impact and Potential Inhibition by Lycium Barbarum Polysaccharide.

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the effects of elevated KDM4D expression and potential therapeutic effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) on pterygium. Methods: The expression levels of KDM4D in the primary pterygium (n = 29) and normal conjunctiva (n = 14) were detected by immunohistochemistry. The effects of KDM4D on pterygium fibroblasts were detected by the CCK-8 assay, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry assay, flow cytometry, and scratch wound healing assay. The relative expression of KDM4D in pterygium fibroblasts stimulated by interleukin (IL)-1ß, IL-6, IL-8, and LBP was detected by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot. The effects of LBP on pterygium fibroblasts were detected using flow cytometry and scratch wound healing assays. Results: The expression level of KDM4D in pterygium was higher than that in normal conjunctiva. KDM4D increased the cell viability of pterygium fibroblasts. The differentially expressed genes identified in the LM-MS assay enriched in "actin filament organization" and "apoptosis." KDM4D promoted migration and inhibited apoptosis of pterygium fibroblasts in vitro. Inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1ß, IL-6, and IL-8, enhanced the expression of KDM4D in pterygium fibroblasts. LBP inhibited the expression of KDM4D in pterygium fibroblasts and decreased their cell viability. Moreover, LBP attenuated the KDM4D effects on migration and apoptosis of pterygium fibroblasts. Conclusions: Elevated KDM4D expression is a risk factor for pterygium formation. LBP inhibits the expression of KDM4D in pterygium fibroblasts and may be a potential drug for delaying pterygium development.

Periprosthetic hip infections caused by Brucella: a rare case report and literature review.

Periprosthetic hip infection caused by Brucella abortus is rare and only a few cases have been reported. This current case report presents a case of a man in his early 50s who developed periprosthetic hip infection 2 years after right hip arthroplasty. There was no fever or pain, the usual cardinal signs of infection, except for a sinus tract at the previous surgical incision. Laboratory and arthrocentesis culture examinations (done twice) confirmed infection with B. abortus. Accordingly, a two-stage revision surgery was performed accompanied by antibiotic treatment with doxycycline and rifampicin after each stage. There was no recurrence at the 2-year follow-up, with good functional recovery of the hip joint. Clinically, this case serves to highlight the fact that periprosthetic hip infections caused by B. abortus might not present with the typical symptoms such as fever or hip pain. Furthermore, this current case involved a chronic sinus tract, so the diagnostic and therapeutic course of this case offers useful insights for managing similar cases in the future. In addition, a review of the literature on the diagnosis and treatment of Brucella-caused periprosthetic hip infection is presented.

Assessment of dynamic corneal response parameters in Chinese patients of different ages with myopia and orthokeratology lenses using the Corvis ST.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of orthokeratology lenses (OK lenses) on corneal biomechanics in subjects of different ages. METHODS: Fifty subjects with mild to moderate myopia were categorized into three groups (Group I-III) based on their age. Corvis ST was used to collect dynamic corneal response parameters (DCRs) at different follow-up time points. Repeated measures analysis of variance combined with simple effect analysis was used to analyze the changes in DCRs in different groups during the follow-up period. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze the correlations between axial length growth (ALG) at 6 months (ALG-6M) or 12 months (ALG-12M) and sex, baseline spherical equivalent refraction (SER), and DCRs. RESULTS: The DCRs changed in all three groups after wearing OK lenses. Most DCRs showed significant differences between baseline and 6 months after wearing OK lenses, while the differences between DCRs at 6 months and 12 months were not statistically significant. No significant differences in DCRs were observed among the three groups at the same follow-up time point. Additionally, at 6 months post-OK lens wear, ALG-6M was significantly correlated with velocity of the corneal apex at the first applanation (A1V-6M) (P = 0.002), Corvis biomechanical index (CBI-6M) (P = 0.004), the maximum amount of corneal movement (DAM-6M) (P = 0.010), deformation amplitude ratio of 2 mm (DAR2-6M) (P = 0.010), and stress-strain index (SSI-6M) (P = 0.038) in Group I. Furthermore, ALG-12M showed significant correlations with SSI-6M (P = 0.031), peak distance at the DAM (PD)-6M (P = 0.037), baseline Ambrósio Relational Thickness to the horizontal profile (P = 0.013) in Group I. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of DCRs displayed significant changes within the initial 6 months of OK lens wear. Minimal variation in DCRs was observed across different age groups at the same follow-up time point. Certain DCR parameters exhibited correlations with ALG, suggesting their potential in predicting ALG in myopic children undergoing OK lenses correction.

Evaluation of the Robustness Verification of Downstream Production Process for Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine and Different Chromatography Medium Purification Effects.

BACKGROUND: Large-scale vaccine production requires downstream processing that focuses on robustness, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness. METHODS: To assess the robustness of the current vaccine production process, three batches of COVID-19 Omicron BA.1 strain hydrolytic concentrated solutions were selected. Four gel filtration chromatography media (Chromstar 6FF, Singarose FF, Bestarose 6B, and Focurose 6FF) and four ion exchange chromatography media (Maxtar Q, Q Singarose, Diamond Q, and Q Focurose) were used to evaluate their impact on vaccine purification. The quality of the vaccine was assessed by analyzing total protein content, antigen content, residual Vero cell DNA, residual Vero cell protein, and residual bovine serum albumin (BSA). Antigen recovery rate and specific activity were also calculated. Statistical analysis was conducted to evaluate process robustness and the purification effects of the chromatography media. RESULTS: The statistical analysis revealed no significant differences in antigen recovery (p = 0.10), Vero HCP residue (p = 0.59), Vero DNA residue (p = 0.28), and BSA residue (p = 0.97) among the three batches of hydrolytic concentrated solutions processed according to the current method. However, a significant difference (p < 0.001) was observed in antigen content. CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrated the remarkable robustness of the current downstream process for producing WIBP-CorV vaccines. This process can adapt to different batches of hydrolytic concentrated solutions and various chromatography media. The research is crucial for the production of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and provides a potential template for purifying other viruses.

[Comparative study of orthopaedic robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery and open surgery for limb osteoid osteoma].

Objective: To compare the accuracy and effectiveness of orthopaedic robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery versus open surgery for limb osteoid osteoma. Methods: A clinical data of 36 patients with limb osteoid osteomas admitted between June 2016 and June 2023 was retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 16 patients underwent orthopaedic robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery (robot-assisted surgery group), and 20 patients underwent tumor resection after lotcated by C-arm X-ray fluoroscopy (open surgery group). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the gender, age, lesion site, tumor nidus diameter, and preoperative pain visual analogue scale (VAS) scores ( P>0.05). The operation time, lesion resection time, intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative fluoroscopy frequency, lesion resection accuracy, and postoperative analgesic use frequency were recorded and compared between the two groups. The VAS scores for pain severity were compared preoperatively and at 3 days and 3 months postoperatively. Results: Compared with the open surgery group, the robot-assisted surgery group had a longer operation time, less intraoperative blood loss, less fluoroscopy frequency, less postoperative analgesic use frequency, and higher lesion resection accuracy ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in lesion resection time ( P>0.05). All patients were followed up after surgery, with a follow-up period of 3-24 months (median, 12 months) in the two groups. No postoperative complication such as wound infection or fracture occurred in either group during follow-up. No tumor recurrence was observed during follow-up. The VAS scores significantly improved in both groups at 3 days and 3 months after surgery when compared with preoperative value ( P<0.05). The VAS score at 3 days after surgery was significantly lower in robot-assisted surgery group than that in open surgery group ( P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in VAS scores at 3 months between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusion: Compared with open surgery, robot-assisted resection of limb osteoid osteomas has longer operation time, but the accuracy of lesion resection improve, intraoperative blood loss reduce, and early postoperative pain is lighter. It has the advantages of precision and minimally invasive surgery.

Effects of admission hyperglycemia and intravenous thrombolysis allocation in acute basilar artery occlusion after endovascular treatment: Analysis of the ATTENTION registry.

This study was to investigate the admission hyperglycemia and modified effect of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) on clinical outcomes in acute basilar artery occlusion (BAO) patients receiving endovascular treatment (EVT). We prospectively recruited acute BAO patients from 48 stroke centers across 22 Chinese provinces in the ATTENTION registry from 2017 to 2021. Hyperglycemia on admission was defined as glucose ≥7.8 â€‹mmol/L. We performed multivariable logistic regression analysis to evaluate the correlation of hyperglycemia on admission with the primary outcome defined as a modified Rankin scale (mRS) score of <4 â€‹at 90 days, and the secondary outcomes defined as successful recanalization, mRS 0-1 and 0-2 â€‹at 90 days. Safety outcomes were symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) and mortality within 90 days. There were 1195 patients with acute BAO treated with EVT of whom 519 had hyperglycemia on admission. Hyperglycemia on admission was inversely associated with favorable neurological outcomes (mRS 0-3: adjusted odd ratio [aOR] 0.69, 95 â€‹% confidence intervals [CI] 0.54-0.89, P â€‹= â€‹0.004; mRS 0-1: aOR 0.67, 95 â€‹% CI 0.50-0.90, P â€‹= â€‹0.008; mRS 0-2: aOR 0.73, 95 â€‹% CI 0.56-0.95; P â€‹= â€‹0.02). Hyperglycemia on admission was not correlated to sICH nor successful recanalization. In the subgroup of BAO patients treated with direct EVT, those with hyperglycemia on admission had a higher mortality rate, and overall worse clinical outcomes at 90 days than patients without hyperglycemia. A significant interaction was observed between IVT and hyperglycemia on admission (Pinteraction â€‹= â€‹0.017). In patients with acute BAO treated with EVT, hyperglycemia on admission was associated with worse functional outcomes at 90 days but was not correlated with sICH nor successful recanalization. The effect of admission hyperglycemia appears to be modified by IVT allocation. Unique identifier: ChiCTR2000041117.

Quantitative assessment of hyperperfusion using arterial spin labeling to predict hemorrhagic transformation in acute ischemic stroke patients with mechanical endovascular therapy.

OBJECTIVES: This study was aimed to quantitatively assess hyperperfusion using arterial spin labeling (ASL) to predict hemorrhagic transformation (HT) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients. METHODS: This study enrolled 98 AIS patients with anterior circulation large vessel occlusion within 24 h of symptom onset. ASL was performed before mechanical endovascular therapy. On pre-treatment ASL maps, a region with relative cerebral blood flow (CBF) ≥ 1.4 was defined as an area of hyperperfusion. The maximum CBF (CBFmax) of hyperperfusion was calculated for each patient. A non-contrast CT scan was performed during the subacute phase for the evaluation of HT. Good clinical outcome was defined as a 90-day modified Rankin scale score of 0-2. RESULTS: The CBFmax of hyperperfusion (odds ratio, 1.023; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.005-1.042; p = 0.012) was an independent risk factor for the status of HT. The CBFmax of hyperperfusion for HT showed an area under the curve of 0.735 (95% CI, 0.588-0.882) with optimal cutoff value, sensitivity, and specificity being 146.5 mL/100 g/min, 76.9%, and 69.6%, respectively. There was a statistically significant relationship between HT grades (from no HT to PH2) and CBFmax of hyperperfusion with a Spearman rank correlation of 0.446 (p = 0.001). In addition, low CBFmax of hyperperfusion were associated with good functional outcome (95% CI, 17.130-73.910; p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: High CBFmax of hyperperfusion was independently associated with subsequent HT and low CBFmax of hyperperfusion linked to good functional outcome. There was a positive correlation between HT grade and CBFmax. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT: Arterial spin labeling is a noninvasive and contrast agent-independent technique, which is sensitive in detecting hyperperfusion. This study shows that the cerebral blood flow of hyperperfusion is associated with clinical prognosis, which will benefit more patients. KEY POINTS: • Quantitative assessment of hyperperfusion using pre-treatment arterial spin labeling to predict hemorrhagic transformation and prognosis in acute ischemic stroke patients. • The maximum cerebral blood flow of hyperperfusion was associated with hemorrhagic transformation and clinical prognosis and higher maximum cerebral blood flow of hyperperfusion was associated with higher grade hemorrhagic transformation. • The maximum cerebral blood flow of hyperperfusion can predict hemorrhagic transformation which enables timely intervention to prevent parenchymal hematoma.