[Distribution, Source, and Ecological Risk Assessment of Persistent Organic Pollutants in Surface Sediments of Boao Coastal Waters].

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the environment have the characteristics of persistence, bioaccumulation, teratogenicity, carcinogenicity, and mutagenicity. Long-term exposure of low-content POPs will also have a certain impact on marine ecosystems and human beings. The contents of three typical persistent organic pollutants[polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), and polycyclic biphenyls (PCBs)] of surface sediments were analyzed using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to assess the pollution characteristics of persistent organic pollutants in Boao coastal waters. The distribution and source of persistent organic pollutants were analyzed in this study, and the ecological risk was assessed using three different methods:the effect interval low/median method (ERL/ERM), mean effect interval median quotient method (M-ERM-Q), and mean potential impact concentration quotient method (M-PEC-Q). The results indicated that the contents (measured by dry weight) of ΣPAHs, ΣOCPs, and ΣPCBs in the study area were 4.5-367.50, 3.99-175.30, and ND-2.89 ng·g-1, respectively, which were at a low level, and the overall distribution showed a trend of gradually increasing toward the sea. The results of POPs source analysis showed that the PAHs in the study area were mainly from the combustion of wood and coal. Among OCPs, the HCH was mainly from lindane, the historical land-based input had been completely degraded, and the DDT was mainly the traditional DDTs pesticides, with additional continuous DDT input. The PCBs were primarily pentachlorobiphenyls, which might have come from the release of paint on the bottom of the hull in the early stage of shipping and the peeling off of paint from old ships. The ecological risk assessment results showed that there was little difference among the assessment results of the three methods, which showed that only phenanthrene monomer of PAHs in the study area had a slight negative impact, and the DDT and the γ-HCH among PAHs would cause great ecological risk, whereas PCBs and other pollutants would not cause ecological risk. On the whole, the possibility of comprehensive ecological risk caused by the three pollutants was very small.

Emission characteristics, risk assessment and scale effective control of VOCs from automobile repair industry in Beijing.

Automobile repair is regarded as a typical domestic source of VOCs in China characterized by numerous sites, wide dispersion and intermittent VOCs emissions. It is of great importance to study and control VOCs from such activities. In this research, emission characteristics, risk assessment and scale effective control of VOCs from automobile repair in Beijing were studied. Results showed that coating spraying and baking were the main processes of VOCs and the major species determined were mostly oxygen-containing VOCs and aromatic hydrocarbons in the case of solvent-based coating usage. Meanwhile, alkanes were determined and accounted for 40 % of total VOCs emissions during the water-based coating spraying and baking. Generally, the total determined VOCs during the automobile repair processes were 1.06-1.27 mg/m3 and 2.93-53.46 mg/m3 for the usage of water-based and solvent-based paint, respectively. Health risk assessments indicated that the residents in the region about 30 m high within a radius of 20 m around the automobile repair plants might suffer from both serious non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk threats in the case of solvent-based coating usage in that the values of total hazard index (HI) represented by dichloropropane and acrolein were higher than 1 and the value of lifetime cancer risk (LCR) represented by dichloroethane was higher than 10-5. Besides, those in the region about 30 m high and within a wider radius of 340 m might suffer from carcinogenic risk threat with a certain probability (LCR > 10-6) no matter either solvent-based or water-based coatings were used. As for the scale control of VOCs from automobile repair, independent adsorption by activated carbon combined with mobile regeneration by catalytic combustion was also proposed as an efficient way.

Visual quality observation of transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy and femtosecond small incision lenticule extraction for the correction of low myopia / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM:To observe the changes in corneal aberrations and the characteristics of visual quality after transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy(T-PRK)and femtosecond small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)in the correction of low myopia.METHODS: Prospective cohort study. A total of 32 cases(32 eyes)with low myopia who underwent T-PRK surgery and 45 cases(45 eyes)of SMILE surgery at Weifang Eye Hospital from April 2021 to April 2022 were selected. The uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA), best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), spherical equivalent(SE), corneal higher-order aberrations(HOAs)and objective visual quality were compared between the two groups.RESULTS:All patients completed the surgery successfully without complications such as infection. At 3mo postoperatively, the safety index was 1.13±0.16 and 1.16±0.17(P=0.48)and the efficacy index was 1.10±0.20 and 1.15±0.18(P=0.27)in the T-PRK and SMILE groups, respectively. The percentage of UCVA(LogMAR)≤0 in the T-PRK and SMILE groups was 94% and 98%, respectively. The percentage of the residual SE within ±0.5D was 88% and 87% in the two groups, respectively. The HOAs and spherical aberration in both groups were significantly increased(P≤0.01), and the increase was not statistically significant between the two groups(P=0.31, 0.89). There was no significant change in horizontal coma, horizontal trefoil and vertical trefoil in both groups(P>0.05). The vertical coma in SMILE group was significantly increased(P<0.001), while there was no significant change in T-PRK group(P>0.05), and the increase was significantly greater in SMILE group than in T-PRK group(P<0.001). There was no significant difference in objective scattering index(OSI), modulation transfer function cut off frequency(MTFcut off), Strehl ratio(SR), visual acuity(VA)100%, VA20% and VA9% between the two groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:Both T-PRK and SMILE showed good safety, efficacy, and visual quality in correcting low myopia, while SMILE induced more vertical coma than T-PRK.

Short-term visual quality observation of femtosecond laser small incision lenticule extraction and evolution implantable collamer lens implantation in the correction of moderate myopia / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To investigate the short-term visual quality outcomes after femtosecond laser small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)and evolution implantable collamer lens(EVO-ICL)implantation for the correction of moderate myopia.METHODS: Prospective control study. A total of 51 cases(51 eyes)with moderate myopia who underwent SMILE or EVO-ICL implantation surgery at Weifang Eye Hospital from April 2021 to February 2022 were selected. They were divided into SMILE group(30 patients, 30 eyes)and EVO-ICL group(21 patients, 21 eyes)according to the surgical methods. The changes of visual acuity [uncorrected distance visual acuity(UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity(CDVA)], diopter [spherical equivalent(SE)] and related parameters of optical quality analysis system(OQAS Ⅱ)were observed before surgery and at 1wk, 1 and 3mo after surgery, and the quality of vision(QoV)questionnaire was completed.RESULTS: At 3mo after surgery, the safety index(postoperative CDVA/preoperative CDVA)of SMILE gruop and EVO-ICL group were 1.20(1.00, 1.20)and 1.20(1.00, 1.38), respectively, the efficacy index(postoperative UDVA/preoperative CDVA)were 1.00(1.00, 1.20)and 1.00(1.00, 1.20), respectively, and the percentage of SE within ±0.50D was 87% and 100%, respectively. In SMILE group, the objective scattering index(OSI)was increased after surgery, while modulation transfer function cutoff frequency(MTF cutoff), contrast visual acuity(VA)100%, and VA20% at 1wk and 1mo after surgery, and Strehl ratio(SR)and VA9% at each time point after surgery were all decreased compared with those before surgery(all P<0.05). The OSI, MTF cutoff, SR and VA of EVO-ICL group showed no difference at each time point after surgery compared with those before surgery(all P>0.05). The most common visual symptoms after SMILE and EVO-ICL implantation were visual haze and halos, respectively.CONCLUSION: Both SMILE and EVO-ICL implantation have good safety, efficacy and predictability in the short term after the correction of moderate myopia. Both groups had visual symptoms after surgery, but the overall satisfaction of patients was high. Furthermore, EVO-ICL implantation has better objective visual quality performance.

Correlation between pelvic relapses of rectal cancer after radical and R0 resection: A regression model-based analysis / 中华胃肠外科杂志

Objective: To propose a new staging system for presacral recurrence of rectal cancer and explore the factors influencing radical resection of such recurrences based on this staging system. Methods: In this retrospective observational study, clinical data of 51 patients with presacral recurrence of rectal cancer who had undergone surgical treatment in the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital between January 2008 and September 2022 were collected. Inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) primary rectal cancer without distant metastasis that had been radically resected; (2) pre-sacral recurrence of rectal cancer confirmed by multi-disciplinary team assessment based on CT, MRI, positron emission tomography, physical examination, surgical exploration, and pathological examination of biopsy tissue in some cases; and (3) complete inpatient, outpatient and follow-up data. The patients were allocated to radical resection and non-radical resection groups according to postoperative pathological findings. The study included: (1) classification of pre-sacral recurrence of rectal cancer according to its anatomical characteristics as follows: Type I: no involvement of the sacrum; Type II: involvement of the low sacrum, but no other sites; Type III: involvement of the high sacrum, but no other sites; and Type IV: involvement of the sacrum and other sites. (2) Assessment of postoperative presacral recurrence, overall survival from surgery to recurrence, and duration of disease-free survival. (3) Analysis of factors affecting radical resection of pre-sacral recurrence of rectal cancer. Non-normally distributed measures are expressed as median (range). The Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison between groups. Results: The median follow-up was 25 (2-96) months with a 100% follow-up rate. The rate of metachronic distant metastasis was significantly lower in the radical resection than in the non-radical resection group (24.1% [7/29] vs. 54.5% [12/22], χ2=8.333, P=0.026). Postoperative disease-free survival was longer in the radical resection group (32.7 months [3.0-63.0] vs. 16.1 [1.0-41.0], Z=8.907, P=0.005). Overall survival was longer in the radical resection group (39.2 [3.0-66.0] months vs. 28.1 [1.0-52.0] months, Z=1.042, P=0.354). According to univariate analysis, age, sex, distance between the tumor and anal verge, primary tumor pT stage, and primary tumor grading were not associated with achieving R0 resection of presacral recurrences of rectal cancer (all P>0.05), whereas primary tumor pN stage, anatomic staging of presacral recurrence, and procedure for managing presacral recurrence were associated with rate of R0 resection (all P<0.05). According to multifactorial analysis, the pathological stage of the primary tumor pN1-2 (OR=3.506, 95% CI: 1.089-11.291, P=0.035), type of procedure (transabdominal resection: OR=29.250, 95% CI: 2.789 - 306.811, P=0.005; combined abdominal perineal resection: OR=26.000, 95% CI: 2.219-304.702, P=0.009), and anatomical stage of presacral recurrence (Type III: OR=16.000, 95% CI: 1.542 - 166.305, P = 0.020; type IV: OR= 36.667, 95% CI: 3.261 - 412.258, P = 0.004) were all independent risk factors for achieving radical resection of anterior sacral recurrence after rectal cancer surgery. Conclusion: Stage of presacral recurrences of rectal cancer is an independent predictor of achieving R0 resection. It is possible to predict whether radical resection can be achieved on the basis of the patient's medical history.

Corneal histomorphology and electron microscopic observation of R124L mutated corneal dystrophy in a relapsed pedigree.

AIM: To investigate the histological characteristics and ultrastructure of recurrent Chinese R124L mutated corneal dystrophy after keratoplasty. METHODS: The subjects were enrolled from a Chinese family of corneal dystrophy with R124L heterozygous gene mutation and with a history of consanguineous marriage. Normal corneal samples were used as controls. RESULTS: In this family, 2 patients (3 eyes) underwent penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) and 2 patients (4 eyes) underwent lamellar keratoplasty (LKP). They had recurrence at 33.5±3.0 (range 30-36)mo after keratoplasty. Among them, 1 patient (1 eye) underwent PKP again and 1 patient (2 eyes) underwent LKP again. In the R124L mutated recurrent corneal dystrophy, the corneal turbidity was mainly distributed from the upper corneal cortex to the anterior stroma; the corneal epithelium surface was rougher and more uneven; and, the corneal erosions were larger. Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that the thickness of the corneal epithelium was uneven; the arrangement of the epithelial cells was disordered; and, some corneal epithelial cells were swollen. The results of Congo red staining, Masson's trichrome staining and Periodic acid-Schiff staining were positive, while that of Alcian blue staining was negative. Under a transmission electron microscope, deposition of high electron density substances between epithelial and basal cells, and, apoptosis of basal cells were observed. Many high electron density depositions were observed in the sub-epithelial and anterior corneal matrix. CONCLUSION: In the Chinese family of recurrent corneal dystrophy with R124L gene mutation, the corneal epithelia of the recurrent cases are rougher, and the corneal depositions are extracellular amyloid fibrin.

Pollution characteristics and risk assessment of air multi-pollutants from typical e-waste dismantling activities.

This study investigated the characteristics of air multi-pollutants emitted during typical electronic waste (e-waste) dismantling processes and assessed their risks to the environment and human health. Concentrations of total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in a typical e-waste dismantling workshop were 137 µg/m3, 135 ng/m3 and 42 ng/m3, respectively, which were lower than those without emission control measures. The partial removal of pollutants due to the emission control measures also decreased the ozone formation potential and non-cancer risk of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In the workshop, the lifetime cancer risk (LCR) of VOCs (8.1 × 10-5) was close to the recommended values. Conversely, the LCR of PAHs (3.6 × 10-5) and the total exposure index of PBDEs (19 ng/d) were remarkably lower than the recommended values of 10-3 and that without emission control measures, respectively. Meanwhile, the concentrations of TVOCs, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PCDD/Fs), PBDEs, and PAHs in the outlet were approximately 10-30 times higher than those in the workshop. In addition, the LCR of TVOCs within a 5-km radius area remained higher than the accepted value (10-6), and the inhalation exposure risk of PCDD/Fs within a 20-km radius area was five times higher than the recommended value. Therefore, the emissions from e-waste recycling processes should be considered as an important source of air pollution, and more efficient control measures should be taken in the future.

KIF5A upregulation in hepatocellular carcinoma: A novel prognostic biomarker associated with unique tumor microenvironment status.

Liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) is one of the most common liver malignancies with high mortality and morbidity. Thus, it is crucial to identify potential biomarker that is capable of accurately predicting the prognosis and therapeutic response of LIHC. Kinesin family member 5A (KIF5A) is a microtubule-based motor protein involved in the transport of macromolecules such as organelle proteins in cells. Recent studies have illustrated that the high expression of KIF5A was related to poor prognosis of solid tumors, including bladder cancer, prostate cancer, and breast cancer. However, little is currently known concerning the clinical significance of KIF5A expression in LIHC. Herein, by adopting multi-omics bioinformatics analysis, we comprehensively uncovered the potential function and the predictive value of KIF5A in stratifying clinical features among patients with LIHC, for which a high KIF5A level predicted an unfavorable clinical outcome. Results from KIF5A-related network and enrichment analyses illustrated that KIF5A might involve in microtubule-based process, antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class II. Furthermore, immune infiltration and immune function analyses revealed upregulated KIF5A could predict a unique tumor microenvironment with more CD8+T cells and a higher level of anti-tumor immune response. Evidence provided by immunohistochemistry staining (IHC) further validated our findings at the protein level. Taken together, KIF5A might serve as a novel prognostic biomarker for predicting immunotherapy response and could be a potential target for anti-cancer strategies for LIHC.

Extracranial multiorgan metastasis from primary glioblastoma: A case report.

BACKGROUND: Glioblastoma has a high degree of malignancy and poor prognosis. It is common to have in situ recurrence and intracranial metastasis, while extracranial metastasis is rare, and extracranial multiorgan metastasis is extremely rare. We report a case of glioblastoma with extracranial multiorgan metastasis, which will strengthen clinicians' attention to the extracranial metastasis of glioblastoma and its treatment. CASE SUMMARY: A male patient visited our hospital for treatment of dizziness and headache. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed a space-occupying lesion in the right temporoparietal occipital region. Chest computed tomography and abdominal ultrasound were normal, and no space-occupying lesions were observed in other organs of the body. The patient underwent surgery and diagnosed with glioblastoma. Postoperative concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy were completed. During the follow-up, the tumor was found to have metastasized to the scalp and neck, and a second tumor resection was performed. Postoperative follow-up revealed extracranial metastases to multiple extracranial organs including skull, scalp, ribs, spine, liver and lung. His family members refused further treatment, and requested only symptomatic treatment such as pain relief, and the patient died of systemic multiple organ failure. Survival time from diagnosis to death was 13 mo and from extracranial metastasis to death was 6 mo. CONCLUSION: Glioblastoma extracranial metastasis is extremely rare, clinicians should always pay attention to its existence. The mechanism of glioblastoma extracranial metastasis is still unclear, and genetic and molecular studies are required.

[Emission Characteristics and Environment Impacts of VOCs from Typical Rubber Manufacture].

The emission characteristics of VOCs from three typical rubber manufacture industries were studied by GC-MS/FID. Maximum incremental reactivity(MIR) and fractional aerosol coefficient(FAC) were employed to evaluate the ozone formation potential(OFP) and secondary organic aerosol(SOA) formation potential. The results show that the VOC types emitted from the manufacturing of rubber products mainly include alkanes, ketones, aldehydes, alcohols, and benzene series. For traditional rubber products manufactured through rubber mixing and vulcanization, the main pollutants are ketones and alcohols, whereas for production processes involving gluing and painting, the main pollutants belong to the benzene series. In terms of ozone impact, the traditional processes contribute to ozone formation mainly through oxygenated hydrocarbons. In industries that utilize adhesives and paints, the extensive use of these organic solvents lead to a significantly higher contribution of the benzene series than other VOC species to ozone formation; the benzene series account for 82.9% of the total contribution. In terms of SOA impact, the benzene series are the main contributor to SOA, whereas the contribution of VOCs from traditional processes is small; hence, SOA primarily originates from the gluing and painting processes. Therefore, in traditional production of rubber products through rubber mixing and vulcanization, the emission of oxygenated hydrocarbons should be preferentially controlled, whereas for rubber industries utilizing gluing and painting processes, the emission of benzene series should be preferentially controlled.

Study of heterogeneous reaction of dimethyl sulfide on atmospheric-like particulate TiO2.

Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) related to solar radiation and greenhouse effect is one of the most important volatile sulfides and its' oxidation products are also important contributors to acid rain. It is of great importance to study the consumption and reactions of DMS in the atmosphere. In this work, atmospheric-like particulate TiO2 was selected to study the reaction mechanism of DMS on TiO2 with the purpose to explore the possible heterogeneous oxidation of DMS. The results showed that the heterogeneous reaction of DMS with TiO2 occurred under the condition of illumination, which is a first-order-like reaction with the rate constant K = 2.83 × 10-4/s, the initial reaction uptake coefficient and the steady reaction uptake coefficient indicated the occupation of products and by-products on the surface of TiO2. The heterogeneous reaction mechanism of DMS studied by aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ATOFMS) suggested that DMS underwent a series of complex chemical reactions with sulfate and various sulfur-containing gas products, in which hydroxyl radicals might play an important role.

Incidence and Possible Predictors of Sodium Disturbance After Craniopharyngioma Resection Based on QST Classification.

OBJECTIVE: Serum sodium abnormalities are one of the most common manifestations after radical craniopharyngioma (CP) excision. The aim of this study was to report the incidence and possible predictors of serum sodium disturbance and explore features of sodium destabilization manifestation among QST classification results after CP resection. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed of clinical, biochemical, radiologic, and operative data for 134 successive patients who underwent primary CP removal between September 2016 and March 2018. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to determine predictors. RESULTS: Sixty patients (44.8%) experienced hyponatremia and 67 patients (50%) hypernatremia; the median time of onset was 6 days and the first day after surgery, respectively. The incidence, onset, severity, and type of sodium disturbance among different types of CP differed significantly based on statistical tests (P < 0.05). Sodium disturbance was more common and severe in patients with type T tumors (P < 0.05). Age, tumor type, and preoperative diabetes insipidus were independent prognostic factors for obvious disorders of serum sodium. CONCLUSIONS: Hyponatremia/hypernatremia is common after primary CP resection. The site of tumor origin has a direct effect on the growth pattern of CP, which may serve as a useful index for anticipating sodium perturbation after surgery. The level of sodium in children and patients with type T tumors, preoperative diabetes insipidus should be monitored closely throughout hospitalization.

Study on emissions of volatile organic compounds from a typical coking chemical plant in China.

Coking chemical industry associated with high energy consumption and high pollution emits significant amount of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to atmosphere, but is often ignored. This article reports a new study on emissions of VOCs from a typical coking chemical plant. Results show that about 70 species of VOCs including alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatic hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons and oxygenates are detected, naphthalene and benzene could be used as the emission markers. Compared to coking stage, gas purifying stage is found to have 4 times more total concentrations of VOCs, in which condensing and blasting process is found to be the largest contributor with 77% ozone formation potential (OFP) contribution. Emission control measures currently used are insufficient and inefficient to reduce VOCs to meet regulatory emission standards. Further, by using a proposed integrated emission factor of 2.652 g/kg coke, the coking chemical industry in China was estimated to account for about 7.8-20% of total historical industrial VOCs emissions, and about 1241 Gg of VOCs were emitted in 2019. A large proportion is emitted from the northern China with a distinctive spatial distribution. Shanxi, Hebei, Shandong, and Shannxi provinces are the top four emitters. It is suggested that more stringent and efficient measures should be taken on the coking chemical industry, not just on the coking processes, but also on the gas purifying processes.

Interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy MADM method based on TOPSIS and grey correlation analysis.

In this paper, we propose an interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy Multi-Attribute Decision Making (MADM) method based on improved TOPSIS and Grey Correlation Analysis (GCA), in which the attribute values are interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy numbers. So that we can deal with imprecise information in fuzzy and rough form in MADM problems by using interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy numbers Firstly, the concept of interval intuitionistic fuzzy entropy is introduced to calculate the entropy weight of attributes. And the combined weight is calculated by combining the entropy weight with the subjective weight. Secondly, the reverse order phenomenon in the traditional TOPSIS method is eliminated by constructing absolute Positive Ideal Solution (PIS) and absolute Negative Ideal Solution (NIS) in the form of interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy numbers. Furthermore, the improved TOPSIS method and grey correlation analysis method are combined to describe the degree of closeness for each alternative from the ideal solution, and then the ranking and selection of each alternative are made accordingly to this degree. Finally, the rationality and effectiveness of our method are verified by an example and its sensitivity analysis. The result shows that our method makes the solution of MADM problems more objective and reasonable.

Synovial sarcoma in the plantar region: A case report and literature review.

BACKGROUND: Synovial sarcoma (SS), a rare malignant soft tissue tumor whose histological origin is still unknown, often occurs in limbs in young people and is easily misdiagnosed. CASE SUMMARY: We report a 24-year-old man who sought treatment for plantar pain thought to be caused by a foot injury that occurred 4 years prior. Currently, he had been seen at another hospital for a 1-wk history of unexplained pain in the left plantar region and was treated with acupuncture, a kind of therapy of Chinese medicine, which partly relieved the pain. Because of this, the final diagnosis of biphasic SS was made after two subsequent treatments by pathological evaluation after the last operation. SS is rarely seen in the plantar area, and his history of a left plantar injury confused the original diagnosis. CONCLUSION: This study shows that pathological and imaging examinations may play a vital role in the early diagnosis and treatment of SS.

Short-term efficacy of posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens implantation for moderate to high myopia / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM:To evaluate the short-term efficacy of posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens implantation for moderate to high myopia.METHODS:Fifty-three eyes of 27 patients with moderate to high myopia (-3.25 to-21.5D) were received posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens implantation with 2.8mm clear corneal incision.Changes of visual acuity, intraocular pressure(IOP), counts of endothelial cells and surgically induced astigmatism at 1mo after surgery were observed.RESULTS:The preoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA LogMAR) were 0.05±0.18, the postoperative BCVA at 1d were 0.02±0.14, the postoperative BCVA at 1wk were-0.05±0.11, the postoperative BCVA at 1mo were-0.07±0.10.The postoperative BCVA were statistically significant differences in different time(P<0.05).The preoperative endothelial cell count was 2932.5±270.8/mm2, the postoperative endothelial cell count at 1d was 2917.1±299.0/mm2;the postoperative endothelial cell count at 1wk was 2902.5±288.6/mm2;the postoperative endothelial cell count at 1mo was 2855.3±284.2/mm2.The postoperative endothelial cell count was not statistically significant differences in different time.The preoperative IOP was 15.8±2.5mmHg;the postoperative IOP at 1d was 15.3±2.9mmHg;the postoperative IOP at 1wk was 17.4±5.8mmHg;the postoperative IOP at 1mo were 15.8±2.6mmHg.The preoperative IOP was significantly different compared with postoperative IOP at 1d, 1wk and 1mo.The postoperative IOP at 1d and 1wk were statistically significant differences (P<0.05).The surgically induced astigmatism at 1d was 0.74±0.39D;the surgically induced astigmatism at 1wk was 0.57±0.28D;the surgically induced astigmatism at 1mo was 0.44±0.21D.The postoperative IOP were statistically significant differences in different time (P<0.05).The preoperative anterior chamber depth was 3.26±0.25mm;the postoperative central vault at 1d were 654.5±345.2μm;the postoperative central vault at 1mo were 683.0±211.7μm.The postoperative central vault were significantly different between that at 1d and 1mo after operations.Operations went without serious complications.CONCLUSION:Posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens implantation for moderate to high myopia were safe, effective and predictability.But long-term effect remains needed to be further follow-up.

Choice of intraocular lens power calculation formula after refractive corneal surgery / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

To the cataract patient after corneal refractive surgery, if the intraocular lens power was determined by conventional formulas, different refractive errors may be produced after intraocular lens implantation.This inaccuracy of the lens power mainly came from 2 aspects-errors of corneal refractive power measurement and errors of formulas.Besides, imprecise of ocular axial length measurement and invalid lens position calculation also contributed to the inaccuracy of lens power.Therefore, in order to reduce refractive errors of cataractous surgery in patient underwent refractive surgery, appropriate method should be used to estimate the refractive power of corneal, and proper formula should be selected to calculate intraocular lens power.

Histopathologic changes of Reis-Bücklers corneal dystrophy / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To explore the histopathologic changes of Reis-Bücklers corneal dystrophy ( RBCD) . · METHODS: Cornea buttons were obtained from patients in 1 pedigree who underwent lamella keratoplasty. Sections with HE and special staining which included symplectic blue staining and Masson staining and Congo red staining were observed under light microscope. Two normal cornea specimens ( donated corneas from eye bank) were used as control. ·RESULTS:In those patients, the bowman's membrane disappeared. The main lesion was in bowman's membrane through HE staining, positive through PAS Congo red staining and Masson staining, negative through symplectic blue staining. ·CONCLUSION: The Reis-Bücklers corneal dystrophy is characterized as geographic map-like lesion of bowman's membrane, and the abnormal extracellular deposit is amyloid protein fiber.

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in elderly patients: an evaluation of immunity.

OBJECTIVE: We sought to investigate the impact of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) on the inflammatory response and immunological function of elderly patients compared with that on the younger ones. METHODS: Between June 2012 and June 2013, this prospective study investigated a total of 112 patients having the surgery of LC due to symptomatic cholelithiasis or polyps, among whom 52 were elderly patients with the age beyond 65 years old and the remaining 60 were younger than the age. Peripheral venous blood samples were taken from these patients prior to surgery and on post-operative days 1, 3 and 7, respectively. The perioperative clinical outcomes and immunological function results were analyzed and compared between the two groups divided by age. RESULTS: The demographics of the two groups did not differ except for the age. Surgical trauma seemed more serious for elderly patients as illustrated by the longer operating time, hospital stay and more quantity of patients got complication. Both groups indicated changes in inflammatory and immune aspects. Compared with the younger ones, elderly patients showed less quantity of preoperative basic immune cells, delayed immune responses after the surgical trauma of LC and hyporeactivity of inflammatory response when accepting LC. CONCLUSIONS: An examination of the inflammatory reaction and immune response after LC demonstrated that there are significant differences observed in two groups divided by age. Further studies with more samples are required to determine the exact relationship of perioperative immune change and higher adverse outcome rate of aged people.

Treg-specific demethylated region activity in isolated regulatory t lymphocytes is a surrogate for disease severity in hepatocellular carcinoma.

In certain unique conditions like viral infections of the liver like hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV), activation of Tregs may be associated with chronicity of the viral infections and subsequent predisposition to development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by the integrated viral genome. In parallel, potential persistence of Tregs activity may lead to immune evasion of cancerous cells and thus persistence of the carcinomatous conditions. In this study, we hypothesized that although the relative proportions of Tregs may remain unaltered in HCC, persistence of activity of Tregs may lead to immune evasion in advanced stages of HCC. To examine the issue of activation of Treg in liver cancer pathogenesis, we obtained liver biopsy and peripheral blood samples from patients with advanced grades of HCC, isolated Tregs, and examined the methylation status of "Treg-specific demethylated region" (TSDR), a key region whose methylation suppresses Treg activity and demethylation stimulates its genomic activity. This study provides evidence of demethylation of TSDR, increased gene expression examined by luciferase assays, and nuclear translocation of key transcription factors that function as gene enhancers in CD4+CD25+FoxP3 regulatory T cells in advanced grades of HCC.