Confinement and passivation of perovskite quantum dots in porous natural palygorskite toward an efficient and ultrastable light-harvesting system in water.

Perovskite quantum dots (QDs) are promising as representative candidates to construct next-generation superior artificial light-harvesting systems (ALHSs). However, their high sensitivity to external environments, especially to water, imposes a stringent limitation for their actual implementation. Herein, by interface engineering and encapsulation with natural palygorskite (PAL), a water-resistant light-harvesting CsPbBr3@PAL antenna was prepared. Molecular dynamics simulations further confirm a significant shielding protection of the PAL matrix to CsPbBr3, facilitating exceptional stability of the CsPbBr3@PAL antenna when exposed to air for 10 months, to 150 °C thermal stress, and even to water for more than 30 days, respectively. Furthermore, as a result of in situ encapsulation of the PAL matrix and defect passivation caused by H-bonding and coordination-bonding interaction, the CsPbBr3@PAL antenna in water shows a substantially enhanced photoluminescence quantum yield (36.2%) and longer lifetime. After sequentially assembling Eosin Y and Rose Bengal in the pores of the PAL matrix, RB-ESY-CsPbBr3@PAL with a sequential two-step efficient Förster resonance energy transfer process exhibited extremely enhanced photocatalytic activity toward Friedel-Crafts alkylation reactions in aqueous solution, 2.5-fold higher than that of corresponding ESY/RB. Our work provides a feasible strategy for the exploitation of ultra-stable halide perovskite-based ALHSs in aqueous media for solar-energy conversion.

[Autogenous platelet-rich plasma gel with acellular xenogeneic dermal matrix for treatment of deep II degree burns].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effectiveness of autogenous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) gel with acellular xenogeneic dermal matrix in the treatment of deep II degree burns. METHODS: From January 2007 to December 2009, 30 cases of deep II degree burns were treated. There were 19 males and 11 females with an average age of 42.5 years (range, 32-57 years). The burn area was 10% to 48% of total body surface area. The time from burn to hospitalization was 30 minutes to 8 hours. All patients were treated with tangential excision surgery, one side of the wounds were covered with autogenous PRP gel and acellular xenogeneic dermal matrix (PRP group), the other side of the wounds were covered with acellular xenogeneic dermal matrix only (control group). The healing rate, healing time, infection condition, and scar formation were observed. RESULTS: At 7 days after operation, the infection rate in PRP group (6.7%, 2/30) was significantly lower than that in control group (16.7%, 5/30, P < 0.05). The healing times were (18 +/- 4) days and (22 +/- 4) days respectively in PRP group and control group, showing significant difference (P < 0.05). The healing rates at 14 days and 21 days were 75% +/- 7% and 88% +/- 5% in PRP group, were 62% +/- 15% and 73% +/- 7% in control group, showing significant difference (P < 0.05). RPR group was superior to control group in elasticity, color, appearance, softness, scar formation, and healing quality. CONCLUSION: Autogenous PRP gel with acellular xenogeneic dermal matrix can accelerate the wound healing of deep II degree burns as well as alleviate the scar proliferation.

[Application of damage control surgery strategy in treatment of burn-trauma combined injury].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the application of damage control surgery (DCS) strategy in the treatment of severe burn-trauma combined injury. METHODS: From January 2004 to December 2009, 28 patients with severe burn-trauma combined injury received salvage treatment according to DCS, including 12 cases of burn combining injury at 2 sites, 6 cases of burn combining injury at 3 sites, and 10 cases of burn combining injury at 4 sites or above. There were 18 males and 10 females with a median age of 39.5 years (range, 8-56 years). The burn area was 15% to 56% of total body surface area. The injury severity score a (ISS) was 25 to 56, and the traumatic index was 17 to 24. Lethal triad syndrome occurred in all patients. Of them, 16 cases were on admission immediately after first-aid, and 12 cases were transferred from other hospitals. The time from injury to hospitalization was 20 minutes to 36 hours. All patients were treated by immediate fluid resuscitation and emergent operation to control hemorrhage and contaminations. Biological dressings were used to seal the wounds provisionally. The systemic therapy was carried out as soon as the vital signs of the patients became stable. RESULTS: In 26 survivors, 23 achieved wound healing by first intention, 3 had a little residual wound at discharge. The hospitalization days were 31 to 398 days (62 days on average). However, 1 patient died of multiple organ failure, another 1 patient died of severe cerebral trauma with refractory shock. CONCLUSION: The DCS strategy is effective in reducing mortality of patients with severe burn-trauma combined injury.

[Repair of occipital and nuchal wounds with inferior trapezius myocutaneous flaps in patients after high voltage electrical burn].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the methods and effects of repair of occipital and nuchal wounds with inferior trapezius myocutaneous flap after deep electrical bum. METHODS: Twelve patients with high-voltage electrical burn in occipital and nuchal regions were hospitalized to our ward from March 2003 to September 2007. They were repaired with improved inferior trapezius myocutaneous flaps after debridement. Flaps were of two types: (1) blood supply from cutaneous and perforator branches of the original segment of the superficial descending branch of transverse cervical artery. (2) combined blood supply from both superficial and deep descending branches of transverse cervical artery C, i.e., dorsal scapular artery). All flaps carried segmental and limited trapezius muscle cuff surrounding the vascular pedicle of the flap similar to a perforator flap. RESULTS: Flaps survived completely primarily in eight cases. In two patients, infection developed in flaps adjacent to wounds with lignification; they healed after dress change. Necrosis appeared in distal end of flap (one case), it healed after re-operation. One patient with surviving flaps died of sepsis and multiple organ failure 21 days after operation. The flaps which survived were not swollen ; the donor sites at scapular region looked normal without pterygoid or pendulous scapula deformities. CONCLUSION: Inferior trapezius myocutaneous flaps can be used to repair occipital and nuchal wounds, with the advantages of constant blood vessels, reliable blood supply, convenience for application.

[Early reconstruction of the periorbital injuries].

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical characteristics and the treatment of periorbital injuries. METHODS: 61 cases were treated, including 30 cases orbitozygomatic fracture, 6 cases of frontal-orbital fracture, 8 cases of naso-ethmoid-orbital fracture, 7 cases of blow -out fracture and 10 cases of complicated fracture. The patients were diagnosed after physical examination and other examination, like CT. Through bicoronal or local mini incision at the end of eyebrow, combined with subciliary incision and local wound approach, the fractured sites were exposed completely. Then the fractured fragments were repositioned and fixed rigidly. The orbital wall was reconstructed with titanium net and Medpor. RESULTS: The wounds healed primarily. Good cosmetic and functional results achieved in most of the patients. 4 cases underwent second-stage ophthalmectomy. 2 patients had diplopia after operation, but improved gradually. 3 cases of blepharoptosis needed further treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Early diagnosis and treatment is very important for periorbital injuries. Fracture reposition and orbital wall reconstruction should he performed at early period.

[Treatment of refractory sternotomy wound].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the therapeutic effect of infected incision wounds after sternotomy by using different reconstructive methods. METHODS: From December 1997 to December 2006, 13 patients (8 males, 5 females; age, 28-72 years averaged 52 years) with infected incision wounds after sternotomy underwent the reconstruction surgery respectively using the pectoralis major muscle flaps, the medial flaps of the pectoralis major muscle, the rectus abdominis muscle flaps or the greater omentum transpositions. Among the patients, 8 were complicated by diabetes mellitus, 4 by pneumonia and heart failure, 3 by empyema, 4 by chronic insufficiency of the pulmonary function, 1 by malignant tumor, and 6 by severe obesity. Freshly-split wounds were found in 11 patients and chronic wounds in the other 2 patients. The size of the wounds was 10 cm X 5 cm-22 cm X 10 cm. RESULTS: Among the 13 patients, 10 survived after operation and the other 3 died of massive hemorrhage from the anastomostic rupture of the blood vessel, pneumonia, and cancer metastasis, respectively. Of the 10 patients, 6 had their wounds healed by first intention. The follow-up for 6 months to 5 years revealed that there was no recurrence in all the survived patients. Of the 10 patients, 2 developed partial necrosis of the skins at the sutured wounds, which was healed after the skin grafting operation; 2 had an infection at the drainage area but had a healing after the dressing changes. CONCLUSION: The smaller wounds in the upper part of the sternotomy incision should be repaired with the medial flaps of the pectoralis major muscle; the greater wounds in the upper part of the incision should be repaired and reconstructed with the rectus abdominis muscle flap; the smaller wounds in the lower part of the incision should be repaired with the pectoralis major muscle flap, and if the wounds are longer, they should be repaired and reconstructed with the pectoralis major muscle flap and the rectus abdominis muscle flap; and if the wounds are huge enough with an exposure of the important internal organs, the greater omentum transposition should be used, and the residual wounds should be treated with dressing changes and even skin grafting.

[Changes in human leukocyte antigen-DR expression on monocytes and its value of prediction on infection complication in trauma patients].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the changes of human leukocyte antigen DR (HLA-DR) expression in monocytes of trauma patients and its value of prediction on infection complications. METHODS: Fifty-four trauma patients were divided into three groups according to severity of injury: severe trauma group injury severity score (ISS) >or=25, moderate trauma group (16or=16) were divided into three groups according to infection or not: no infection group, localized infection group and systemic infection group. Blood samples were collected immediately after admission and serially at 8:30 to 9:00 a.m. on days 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 14 after admission, and monocyte HLA-DR expression was determined with monoclonal staining and flow cytometry. RESULTS: The HLA-DR expression in monocytes was reduced in the trauma patients. The lowest levels of HLA-DR were recorded on day 2 after trauma. Subsequently HLA-DR expression in monocytes increased gradually. During the whole observation, the HLA-DR expression was significantly decreased in both severe trauma group and moderate trauma group versus control group, but no significant differences were found between severe trauma group and moderate trauma group, mild trauma group and control group, Immediately after trauma, HLA-DR expression in monocytes was significantly lower in the localized infection group than that in the patients without infection, and lasted until day 4 after trauma. The mean fluorescence intensity of HLA-DR expression in monocytes on the day 2 to 14 after trauma, the percentage of HLA-DR monocytes on the day 1 to 14 after trauma were significantly lower in the systemic infection group than those in the localized infection group. The level of HLA-DR expression in monocyte in the 2 died trauma patients was lowered till died. CONCLUSION: In severe trauma patients, the HLA-DR expression in monocytes is significantly decreased, and decreased levels of HLA-DR expression in monocytes might be the early indicators of an immune deviation associated with the development of infection complications and prognosis.

Effect of decoy-oligodeoxynucleotides on expression of inflammation mediators in pMPhi cells from rats.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of decoy-oligodeoxynucleotides (decoy-ODNs) in dumbbell shape with the oligodeoxynucleotide sequence similar to nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) cis-elements on expression of inflammation mediators in pMPhi cells from rats. METHODS: With carriers of cationic liposomes, decoy-ODNs were transfected into pMPhi cells of rats. Then the inhibiting effects of the decoy-ODNs on tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-10 were analyzed. RESULTS: Decoy-ODNs could decrease the expression of TNFalpha and IL-6 in dose-dependent fashion but had weaker inhibiting effect on IL-10. CONCLUSIONS: Decoy-ODNs targeting NF-kappaB can decrease the expression of inflammatory mediators in pMPhi cells from rats.

[An experimental study of inhibiting effect of decoy oligodeoxynucleotides on the gene expression of collagen in NIH3T3 cell].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of activator protein-1 (AP-1) decoy-oligodeoxynucleotides (Decoy-ODNs) on the expression of fibroblast alpha2 type I collagen, so as to explore the gene therapy of pathologic scar. METHODS: Decoy-ODNs targeting AP-1 were designed and synthesized. NIH3T3 cells were transfected by cationic liposomes. The distribution of Decoy-ODNs in the cells was investigated. The inhibiting effects of Decoy-ODNs on AP-1 were determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). And the effects of Decoy-ODNs on the collagen synthesis in the cells were analyzed by RT-PCR. RESULTS: AP-1 Decoy-ODNs could competitively inhibit the AP-1 in vitro activity. Cationic liposomes could play roles by effectively transfecting Decoy-ODNs into the plasma and nucleus. The mRNA expression of fibroblast alpha2 type I collagen decreased evidently after 24 hours of Decoy-ODNs action. CONCLUSION: Decoy-ODNs could inhibit the mRNA expression of fibroblast alpha2 type I collagen by antagonizing AP-1.