PSNet: A Deep Learning Model-Based Single-Shot Digital Phase-Shifting Algorithm.

In contrast to traditional phase-shifting (PS) algorithms, which rely on capturing multiple fringe patterns with different phase shifts, digital PS algorithms provide a competitive alternative to relative phase retrieval, which achieves improved efficiency since only one pattern is required for multiple PS pattern generation. Recent deep learning-based algorithms further enhance the retrieved phase quality of complex surfaces with discontinuity, achieving state-of-the-art performance. However, since much attention has been paid to understanding image intensity mapping, such as supervision via fringe intensity loss, global temporal dependency between patterns is often ignored, which leaves room for further improvement. In this paper, we propose a deep learning model-based digital PS algorithm, termed PSNet. A loss combining both local and global temporal information among the generated fringe patterns has been constructed, which forces the model to learn inter-frame dependency between adjacent patterns, and hence leads to the improved accuracy of PS pattern generation and the associated phase retrieval. Both simulation and real-world experimental results have demonstrated the efficacy and improvement of the proposed algorithm against the state of the art.

Limb girdle muscular dystrophy D3 HNRNPDL related in a Chinese family with distal muscle weakness caused by a mutation in the prion-like domain.

Limb-girdle muscular dystrophies (LGMD) are a group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous diseases characterized by weakness and wasting of the pelvic and shoulder girdle muscles. Twenty-four recessive LGMD (types R1-R24) and five dominant LGMD (types D1-D5) have been identified with characterization of mutations in various genes. To date, LGMD D3 (previously known as LGMD1G) has been characterized in only two families with Brazilian or Uruguayan origin. Each was caused by a distinct mutation at codon 378 in the prion-like domain of HNRNPDL encoding heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein D like (HNRNPDL), an RNA processing protein. Our study characterized eight patients suffering from LGMD D3 in a Chinese family spanning three generations. Muscle biopsy specimens from two patients showed a myopathy with rimmed vacuoles. Sequencing analysis revealed a heterozygous c.1132G > A (p.D378N) mutation in HNRNPDL that co-segregated with disease phenotype in the family. The same mutation has been identified previously in the Brazilian family with LGMD D3. However, most patients in the current family showed distal as well as proximal limb weakness rather than weakness of toe and finger flexor muscles that were typical features in the other two LGMD D3 families reported previously. The present study indicates that the same mutation in HNRNPDL results in various phenotypes of LGMD D3. That all mutations in three unrelated families with different ethnic background occur at the same position in codon 378 of HNRNPDL gene suggests a mutation hotspot. Acceleration of intrinsic self-aggregation of HNRNPDL caused by mutation of the prior-like domain may contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease.