ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To assess the attitudes and practices of postgraduate medical trainees towards research. METHODS: It was a self-administered questionnaire based cross-sectional survey conducted on 55 conveniently selected trainees in Allied Hospital, Faisalabad. RESULTS: Only 11 trainees read journals monthly, seven had written an article for a journal, 51 regarded reading literature important, 39 intended to engage in future research and 37 said they received inappropriate research training. The major reasons cited for poor research activity in Pakistan were poor research training and awareness. CONCLUSION: Though the attitudes towards research were positive, they were deficient practically in terms of reading and writing literature. There is an immediate need to improve research training in our educational institutes to facilitate the development of the local literature both in terms of research utilization and production
Subject(s)
Attitude of Health Personnel , Biomedical Research/statistics & numerical data , Internship and Residency/statistics & numerical data , Publishing/statistics & numerical data , Adult , Cross-Sectional Studies , Evidence-Based Medicine , Female , Hospitals, University , Humans , Male , Pakistan , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
To study the dynamics of progression of coronary atherosclerosis we analyzed findings in 168 patients who underwent coronary arteriography three times without undergoing coronary surgery or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Of 66 patients who had progression in interval 1 (from first to second coronary arteriogram), 32 also had progression in interval 2 (from second to third coronary arteriogram); of 102 patients who had no progression in interval 1, 37 had progression in interval 2. In only 9 of the 32 patients who had progression during both intervals was the same lesion involved, and in six of these patients other lesions were also involved. Progression correlated with the duration of the interval between catheterizations, an increase in symptoms, and the occurrence of myocardial infarction. Analysis of variance showed no significant differences in mean values for age, blood pressure, total serum cholesterol, and serum triglycerides in the four main progression groups. Progression of coronary atherosclerosis is a highly unpredictable process. It follows a nonlinear course, and information derived from sequential coronary arteriograms is of little value in predicting future progression.
Subject(s)
Coronary Artery Disease/diagnostic imaging , Angiography , Coronary Angiography , Coronary Artery Disease/complications , Forecasting , Humans , Myocardial Infarction/etiology , Reference Values , Regression Analysis , Risk Factors , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Reaction of pyridinium chlorochromate with cyclohexanol and several C(3)-sterols have been investigated. It has been found that the equatorieal C(3)-sterols axe easily oxidised in good yield to give corresponding ketosteioids while the axial sterols give poor yields.
Subject(s)
Fractures, Bone/surgery , Pelvic Bones/injuries , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
A case is described of traumatic loss of the distal quarter of the femoral shaft and its successful replacement with autogenous bone graft, with the surgical technique used. The cosmetic and functional results were gratifying.
