ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Topical imiquimod therapy has proven to be effective for a variety of infectious, neoplastic, and inflammatory dermatologic diseases. Several published reports have validated the benefit of imiquimod therapy for actinic keratoses and superficial melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancers. There is, however, limited evidence demonstrating the use of topical imiquimod application as an antiaging treatment. OBJECTIVES: We examined the effectiveness of imiquimod 5% cream in the treatment of photoaging by evaluating pretreatment and posttreatment biopsy specimens and documenting the histologic changes. METHODS: This study represents an extension of an earlier project in our department in which patients with biopsy-proven lesions of lentigo maligna (LM) were recruited from a university dermatology service, a hospital, and referrals from private practitioners for an open-labeled efficacy trial with daily topical application of 5% imiquimod for 3 months. Biopsy of clinically affected skin was carried out on all patients before and after treatment. Using a semiquantitative method, biopsy specimens were analyzed for changes in the dermal collagen table (solar elastosis vs papillary dermal fibroplasia). Additional parameters analyzed included epidermal changes (atrophy vs acanthosis, melanin content, and hypergranulosis) and inflammatory effects (epidermal and dermal cell populations along with presence of pigment incontinence). Variables were compared using paired Wilcoxan rank sums. RESULTS: Of 26 evaluable patients who completed 3 months of daily application, 24 (>92.3%) showed a significant increase in papillary dermal fibroplasia (P < .0001) with associated reduction in solar elastosis (P = .0036). Other noteworthy findings were restoration of normal epidermal thickness (P = .0073) and melanization (P < .0001). LIMITATIONS: This study only evaluates the effect of imiquimod in the lesional skin of LM. It is not known whether the results are applicable to nonlesional, photoaged skin. CONCLUSION: Topical imiquimod appears to induce reparative changes to the epidermis and the dermal collagen table in chronically sun-damaged skin associated with LM, indicating its potential use as an antiaging treatment. These findings need to be confirmed in photodamaged skin not associated with LM.
Subject(s)
Aminoquinolines/administration & dosage , Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage , Hutchinson's Melanotic Freckle/drug therapy , Hutchinson's Melanotic Freckle/physiopathology , Skin Aging/drug effects , Skin Neoplasms/drug therapy , Skin Neoplasms/physiopathology , Aminoquinolines/therapeutic use , Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Cell Count , Collagen/metabolism , Dermis/metabolism , Dermis/pathology , Drug Administration Schedule , Epidermis/metabolism , Epidermis/pathology , Humans , Hutchinson's Melanotic Freckle/pathology , Imiquimod , Melanins/metabolism , Melanocytes/pathology , Ointments , Skin Neoplasms/pathologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Imiquimod has been used for basal cell carcinomas (BCCs). This is the first open-label series using imiquimod for nodular BCC with Mohs surgery resection for confirmation of treatment. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of topical imiquimod in patients with biopsy-proven nodular BCC. RESULTS: After 12 weeks for three times a week application, treatment sites at week 15 were surgically excised using Mohs micrographic surgery. All 15 treatment subjects were clear of BCC. At the 18-month follow-up, no patients had recurrent tumor. CONCLUSION: Imiquimod 5% cream may be another treatment modality for nodular BCC.
