ABSTRACT
A new quinolone antibiotic called garenoxacin was developed in Japan. Garenoxacin is known to produce cutaneous adverse effects, particularly fixed drug eruption in Japan, despite several reports of cutaneous adverse events in English-language literature. However, English-language literature has not yet reported that fixed drug eruption is a common clinical manifestation of garenoxacin-induced drug eruption. In this article, we present a case of multiple fixed drug eruptions and review the literature on case reports of drug eruptions caused by garenoxacin.
ABSTRACT
Epigenetic modifications rarely occur in isolation (as single "epigenetic modifications"). They usually appear together and form a network to control the epigenetic system. Cutaneous malignancies are usually affected by epigenetic changes. However, there is limited knowledge regarding the epigenetic changes associated with cutaneous lymphomas. In this review, we focused on cutaneous T-cell lymphomas such as mycosis fungoides, Sézary syndrome, and anaplastic large cell lymphoma. With regard to epigenetic changes, we summarize the detailed chemical modifications categorized into DNA methylation and histone acetylation and methylation. We also summarize the epigenetic modifications and characteristics of the drug for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). Furthermore, we discuss current research on epigenetic-targeted therapy against cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. Although the current method of treatment with histone deacetylase inhibitors does not exhibit sufficient therapeutic benefits in all cases of CTCL, epigenetic-targeted combination therapy might overcome this limitation for patients with CTCL.
Subject(s)
Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous , Mycosis Fungoides , Sezary Syndrome , Skin Neoplasms , Epigenesis, Genetic , Humans , Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/drug therapy , Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/genetics , Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/pathology , Mycosis Fungoides/genetics , Sezary Syndrome/drug therapy , Sezary Syndrome/genetics , Sezary Syndrome/pathology , Skin Neoplasms/drug therapy , Skin Neoplasms/genetics , Skin Neoplasms/pathologyABSTRACT
COVID-19 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which was first reported in Wuhan, China in December 2019, and is ongoing pandemic. While a majority of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection shows asymptomatic or mild disease, hospitalized patients can develop critical condition, such as pneumonia, sepsis, and respiratory failure. Some cases deteriorate into sever systemic disease and multiorgan failure. Many patients of severe COVID-19 show hypercoagulable state and complicate with venous thromboembolism and atrial thrombosis. We herein reported a case of COVID-19 who developed cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) co-incidence with pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE). A 56-year-old Japanese man was presented with fever and malaise and diagnosed with COVID-19. He was treated with ciclesonide and azithromycin, but his respiratory condition deteriorated. Thus, systemic corticosteroids and favipiravir were initiated and these treatments resulted in afebrile state, improving malaise and respiratory failure. However, he suddenly developed severe headache and vomiting with increased concentration of D-dimer. Brain CT and MRI showed typical images of CVT in the left transvers sinus and CT pulmonary angiography showed PE. Administration of unfractionated heparin followed by edoxaban treatment reduced the levels of D-dimer and improved his clinical presentation and thrombosis. Monitoring coagulopathy is important in COVID-19 patients and in case of venous thromboembolism, including cerebral venous system, appropriate anticoagulant therapy should be initiated.
