ABSTRACT
Soybean production in South and North America has recently been threatened by the widespread dissemination of soybean rust (SBR) caused by the fungus Phakopsora pachyrhizi. Currently, chemical spray containing fungicides is the only effective method to control the disease. This strategy increases production costs and exposes the environment to higher levels of fungicides. As a first step towards the development of SBR resistant cultivars, we studied the genetic basis of SBR resistance in five F2 populations derived from crossing the Brazilian-adapted susceptible cultivar CD 208 to each of five different plant introductions (PI 200487, PI 200526, PI 230970, PI 459025, PI 471904) carrying SBR-resistant genes (Rpp). Molecular mapping of SBR-resistance genes was performed in three of these PIs (PI 459025, PI 200526, PI 471904), and also in two other PIs (PI 200456 and 224270). The strategy mapped two genes present in PI 230970 and PI 459025, the original sources of Rpp2 and Rpp4, to linkage groups (LG) J and G, respectively. A new SBR resistance locus, rpp5 was mapped in the LG-N. Together, the genetic and molecular analysis suggested multiple alleles or closely linked genes that govern SBR resistance in soybean.
Subject(s)
Basidiomycota/pathogenicity , Genes, Plant , Glycine max/genetics , Glycine max/microbiology , Plant Diseases/genetics , Plant Diseases/microbiology , Alleles , Chromosome Mapping , Hybridization, GeneticABSTRACT
A field experiment in Cambé-PR was carried out with 20 treatments arranged in split plot with 4 replications in a randomized complete block design, using the soybean cultivar BRS 133. The treatments were CALPOT (0.0 and 2.35 t.ha-1) in the main plots, source of phosphorus (STP and SSP) in sub-plot, dosages of phosphorus (40 and 60 kg of P2O5.ha-1) in the sub-sub-plots, and density of plants (9 and 18 plants m-1) in the sub-sub-sub-plots. The greatest effect was on plant population, with the highest dry matter accumulation for the density of 200.000 plants ha-1 (9 plants m-1). The basic cation equilibrium in the soil helped to maximize this effect.
Num experimento de campo em Cambe, PR (23º1645 S, 51º1645 W e 650 m) com o cultivar de soja BRS 133, foram aplicados 20 tratamentos em parcelas sub-sub-divididas, com quatro repetições em delineamento de blocos casualizados. Os tratamentos foram combinados, potássio no momento da calagem - CALPOT (0,0 e 2,35 t.ha-1) nas parcelas, fontes de fósforo (STP e SSP) nas subparcelas, doses de P (40 e 60 kg. P2O5.ha-1) nas sub-sub-parcelas e densidade de plantas (9 e 18 plantas.m-1) nas sub-sub-sub-parcelas. De acordo com as variáveis analisadas, os maiores efeitos se restringiram à diferença entre as populações de plantas, com vantagem significativa para o acúmulo de matéria seca por planta (g) para população de 200.000 plantas por hectare (9 plantas por m). O equilíbrio de bases no solo por meio da aplicação de CALPOT contribui para maximizar esses efeitos.
ABSTRACT
A field experiment in Cambé-PR was carried out with 20 treatments arranged in split plot with 4 replications in a randomized complete block design, using the soybean cultivar BRS 133. The treatments were CALPOT (0.0 and 2.35 t.ha-1) in the main plots, source of phosphorus (STP and SSP) in sub-plot, dosages of phosphorus (40 and 60 kg of P2O5.ha-1) in the sub-sub-plots, and density of plants (9 and 18 plants m-1) in the sub-sub-sub-plots. The greatest effect was on plant population, with the highest dry matter accumulation for the density of 200.000 plants ha-1 (9 plants m-1). The basic cation equilibrium in the soil helped to maximize this effect.
Num experimento de campo em Cambe, PR (23º1645 S, 51º1645 W e 650 m) com o cultivar de soja BRS 133, foram aplicados 20 tratamentos em parcelas sub-sub-divididas, com quatro repetições em delineamento de blocos casualizados. Os tratamentos foram combinados, potássio no momento da calagem - CALPOT (0,0 e 2,35 t.ha-1) nas parcelas, fontes de fósforo (STP e SSP) nas subparcelas, doses de P (40 e 60 kg. P2O5.ha-1) nas sub-sub-parcelas e densidade de plantas (9 e 18 plantas.m-1) nas sub-sub-sub-parcelas. De acordo com as variáveis analisadas, os maiores efeitos se restringiram à diferença entre as populações de plantas, com vantagem significativa para o acúmulo de matéria seca por planta (g) para população de 200.000 plantas por hectare (9 plantas por m). O equilíbrio de bases no solo por meio da aplicação de CALPOT contribui para maximizar esses efeitos.