ABSTRACT
We examined whether immunochemical-based test kits designed for quantitative analysis of deoxynivalenol (DON) screening in grain crops are applicable to corn processing by-products. Commercially available test kits (two types of immunochromatographic kits and three types of ELISA kits) were used to assay three types of corn processing by-products and mixed feed. The results obtained with some kits were significantly different from those of LC-MS analysis. Since the differences might be caused by insufficient extraction of DON from samples, the extraction time of all kits was set to be 20 minutes, based on a study of the dependence of the amount of DON extracted on the shaking time. Moreover, the extract of corn processing by-products was acidic, resulting in inhibition of the antigen-antibody reaction, so neutralization and centrifugation processes were introduced to prevent denaturation of antibody. After these modifications, the recovery for all kits in assays of corn gluten meal was within the range of 80-120%, and all kits showed acceptable accuracy. The relative standard deviation (RSD) of repeatability tests for all kits was less than 11.3% for analyses of both corn processing by-products and mixed feeds, indicating good precision. The above results showed that the kits studied were applicable to the quantitative assay of DON in corn processing by-products and mixed feed after modifications as described in this paper.
Subject(s)
Animal Feed/analysis , Chromatography, Affinity/methods , Edible Grain/chemistry , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods , Food Analysis/methods , Food Contamination/analysis , Reagent Kits, Diagnostic , Trichothecenes/analysis , Zea mays/chemistry , Food Handling , Reproducibility of ResultsABSTRACT
This study examined the influence of transgenic event CBH (StarLink; SL)-derived hybrid corn on growth, health and physiological functions of pigs, as well as the possibility of transferring the cry9C gene or Cry9C protein to the blood, liver or muscles, in comparison with pigs fed a diet with non-transgenic (isogenic) corn (non-SL). The diet for the SL group was composed of 70% SL corn, and the diet for the non-SL group was composed of 70% non-SL corn. Forty pigs approximately 3 months in age were used in the current experiment. After the pigs were acclimatized to their environment for 7 days, they were fed piglet diets for 7 weeks, and afterwards fed growing-finishing diets until the end of the experiment. There were no significant differences in bodyweight gain, feed intake or feed conversion ratio between the pigs fed SL diet and those of non-SL diet. No abnormalities were observed in the health conditions of either the SL or the non-SL group. Moreover, no significant differences were observed between the two groups in hematological values, histopathological examination and necropsy findings. Although the serum biochemical values within each group were normal, the blood urea nitrogen values of the SL group showed a tendency to be slightly higher than those of the non-SL group. Also, the blood glucose values of the SL group were significantly lower than those of the non-SL group. However, the cause of the significant differences in the blood glucose values between the two groups is unknown. The PCR and ELISA did not detect the cry9C gene and Cry9C protein in the blood, liver or muscles of the pigs at the end of the experiment.
Subject(s)
Animal Feed , Bacterial Proteins/genetics , Endotoxins/genetics , Hemolysin Proteins/genetics , Plants, Genetically Modified , Weight Gain/physiology , Zea mays , Animals , Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins , Blood Glucose , Blood Urea Nitrogen , DNA, Bacterial , Eating/psychology , Hematologic Tests , Nutritive Value , Plants, Genetically Modified/genetics , Plants, Genetically Modified/metabolism , Sus scrofa , Zea mays/genetics , Zea mays/metabolismABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to ligate the xylanase gene A ( xynA) isolated from Ruminococcus albus 7 into the promoter and signal-peptide region of the lichenase [beta-(1,3-1,4)-glucanase] gene of Streptococcus bovis JB1. This fusion gene was inserted into the pSBE11 vector, and the resulting recombinant, plasmid pXA, was used to transform S. bovis 12-U-1 cells. The transformant, S. bovis 12UXA, secreted the xylanase, which was stable against freeze-thaw treatment and long-time incubation at 37 degrees C. The introduction of pXA and production of xylanase did not affect cell growth, and the xylanase produced degraded xylan from oat-spelt and birchwood.
