ABSTRACT
This observation reports that a hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation, as the result of hepatitis C virus (HCV) eradication on a dominant HCV coinfected HBV/HCV patient, was subsequently prevented by treating both viral infections together. This finding raises the question as to whether preemptive HBV treatment should be prescribed along with HCV treatment to prevent HBV from being reactive after HCV eradication in coinfected HBV/HCV patients.
Subject(s)
Adenine/analogs & derivatives , Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , Hepatitis B virus/physiology , Hepatitis B/prevention & control , Hepatitis C/drug therapy , Organophosphonates/therapeutic use , Virus Activation/drug effects , Adenine/therapeutic use , Adult , Carrier State/drug therapy , Carrier State/virology , Drug Therapy, Combination , Hepatitis B/complications , Hepatitis B/drug therapy , Hepatitis B virus/drug effects , Hepatitis C/complications , Humans , MaleSubject(s)
Biopsy, Fine-Needle , Endosonography , Exudates and Transudates , Pancreatic Cyst/pathology , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Humans , Middle AgedABSTRACT
Hepatitis E is transmitted mainly by water or food, but in industrialized countries, all routes of transmission have not been identified. We describe possible zoonotic transmission of hepatitis E virus that involved direct contact between a pet pig and its owner.
Subject(s)
Hepatitis E virus/isolation & purification , Hepatitis E/transmission , Swine Diseases/transmission , Zoonoses , Adult , Animals , Animals, Domestic , Antibodies, Viral/blood , Disease Reservoirs/veterinary , Disease Reservoirs/virology , Gene Amplification , Genotype , Hepatitis E/veterinary , Hepatitis E/virology , Hepatitis E virus/classification , Hepatitis E virus/immunology , Humans , Liver/enzymology , Open Reading Frames , Phylogeny , RNA, Viral/chemistry , RNA, Viral/genetics , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Species Specificity , Swine , Swine Diseases/virologySubject(s)
Antiviral Agents/adverse effects , Hepatitis C, Chronic/drug therapy , Interferon-alpha/adverse effects , Lung Diseases, Interstitial/chemically induced , Ribavirin/adverse effects , Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , Drug Therapy, Combination , Female , Humans , Interferon alpha-2 , Interferon-alpha/therapeutic use , Lung Diseases, Interstitial/diagnostic imaging , Middle Aged , Polyethylene Glycols , Recombinant Proteins , Recurrence , Ribavirin/therapeutic use , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Lymph nodes in the hepatoduodenal ligament seem to be a common ultrasonographic finding in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Lymphadenopathic enlargement is associated with the histological hepatic features reflecting the immunological response of the host, but the correlation between lymphadenopathy, liver histology and the cellular immunoreactivity of the host has never been studied. AIM: (1) To specify the prevalence of lymph nodes within the hepatoduodenal ligament; and (2) to investigate whether lymphadenopathies might reflect the immunological response of the host. METHODS: One hundred and eleven patients were enrolled in this study. Eleven chronic hepatitis B patients and 34 healthy volunteers served as controls. RESULTS: Lymph nodes were detectable in 90 out of the 104 chronic hepatitis C patients studied. After logistic regression, a high CD8 level and the absence of post hepatitis C cirrhosis were associated with lymph node enlargement. The total lymph node volume was correlated with transaminase levels, inflammatory activity, and stage of fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS: (1) The prevalence of lymph nodes within the hepatoduodenal ligament is high; (2) lymph node enlargement is correlated with the immunological cellular response of the host; and (3) the total lymph node volume is correlated with hepatic necroinflammatory markers and the stage of fibrosis.
