ABSTRACT
A zygomatic mass is a rare occurrence. We describe a 52-year-old man with a zygomatic arch mass and a recent history of facial trauma. Findings on a computed tomographic scan of the facial bones were interpreted as callus formation, consistent with fracture of the zygomatic arch. The level of the prostate-specific antigen was increased to 62.3 ng/mL, and a biopsy of a nodular prostate specimen revealed adenocarcinoma (Gleason sum, 3 + 4 = 7). Because the laboratory data, history, and findings on physical examination did not correlate, we suspected a tumor metastatic to the facial bones.
Subject(s)
Adenocarcinoma/diagnosis , Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnosis , Skull Neoplasms/secondary , Zygoma , Adenocarcinoma/secondary , Biopsy , Diagnosis, Differential , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Zygoma/diagnostic imagingABSTRACT
Tonic pupils developed in two patients with malignancies outside the nervous system. Symptoms and signs of more generalized somatic and autonomic nervous system involvement were also present. Although the exact morphologic basis for autonomic dysfunction in patients with paraneoplastic neurologic deterioration is uncertain, recent studies suggest that in some cases an autoimmune mechanism is responsible and may be directed against autonomic ganglion cells.
Subject(s)
Adenocarcinoma/complications , Adie Syndrome/etiology , Carcinoma, Small Cell/complications , Lung Neoplasms/complications , Paraneoplastic Syndromes/complications , Sigmoid Neoplasms/complications , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
The materials commonly used for crosslinking collagen as part of the process of converting animal hides into leather fall into three main groups: mineral tannages, aldehyde tannages, and "vegetable" tannages. The most important mineral crosslinking agents are hydrated basic chromium III sulfate complexes. These compounds form extended polynuclear coordination complexes containing hydroxol, oxo, and sulfato bridges into which ionized carboxyl groups on collagen enter readily as coordinating ligands accomplishing crosslinking. On pH adjustment and partial drying, highly stable complexes are formed with oxo bridges predominating and protein amide groups entering the coordination complex. The aldehyde tannages proceed through aldehyde condensation reactions with collagen amino groups to give alpha-hydroxyamines which can condense with other collagen amine groups to effect crosslinking. The vegetable type tanning agents, whether natural plant extracts or synthesized, are complex, high molecular weight polyhydroxy compounds that do not rely on crosslinking as such to be effective. Their effectiveness appears to depend on other properties. This and additional information concerning these commerical tannages are reviewed.
