On clinical nurses' views about diversities- A qualitative study.

It is a must for nurses to provide healthcare to people from diverse cultures, ethnicities, religions, and genders. This descriptive qualitative study aimed to explore nurses' approaches to various people. The study collected data via semi-structured interviews and contacted 40 nurses through snowball sampling. Most nurses were between the ages of 25-40 and female, 22 of them had postgraduate degrees, and 18 had undergraduate degrees in nursing. Only 10 of them had received special training related to diversity. MaxQda software program was used for content analyses, and four basic themes were determined respectively, "Nurses' perceptions of diversity," "Nurses' perceptions of diversity towards patients," "Nurses' perceptions of diversity towards healthcare professionals," and "Nurses' perceptions of diverse towards the institution." Participant nurses mainly revealed that although legal and organizational procedures aimed to prevent discriminative attitudes in clinical environments, discriminatory attitudes of nurses and healthcare professionals toward diverse people still occurred.

Assessment of the Psychometric Properties of the Online Education Student Satisfaction Scale: A Methodological Study.

Background and Purpose: Assessing student satisfaction is essential in evaluating the quality of education. The number of valid and reliable tools that measure students' satisfaction with online education is limited. This methodological study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the online education student satisfaction scale. Methods: Eleven academicians from the nursing field provided expert opinions on content validity. Separate 25 students evaluated the language clarity of the draft scale. The study sample included 525 third- and fourth-year nursing students. Finally, a group of 30 nursing students different from the sample participated in the test-retest. The study created an item pool based on the recent literature. The researchers calculated the items' content validity rates and the scale's content validity index by taking the experts' opinions. In addition, item-total score correlation analysis, exploratory factor analysis, discrimination analysis, stability test, and internal consistency analysis were performed. Results: An item with a low-correlation value was excluded from the scale. The correlation coefficients of the remained items were between .536 and .811. In the second round of exploratory factor analysis, a five-factor structure emerged that explained 72.1% of the total variance. In addition, item discrimination, stability, and internal consistency test results ensured that the scale was valid and reliable. Conclusions: The online education student satisfaction scale with five subdimensions containing 28 items is a valid and reliable tool. Researchers, educators, and managers may use it to evaluate students' satisfaction with online education.

Syrian refugees' experiences while receiving mental health services and psychiatric nursing care: A qualitative study.

AIM: This study examined the experiences of Syrian refugees in a community centre in Turkiye as they access mental health services and receive psychiatric nursing care. DESIGN: A qualitative design was adopted in the study. METHODS: Data were collected from southern Turkiye between November and December 2021. The researchers conducted three semi-structured focus group interviews. Colaizzi's phenomenological method was followed to analyse the qualitative data. A total of 19 Syrian refugees participated in the focus group interviews. RESULTS: Three key themes related to immigrants' experiences of receiving mental health services and nursing care were identified: barriers to receiving mental health services, coping with negative experiences in Turkiye and satisfaction with mental health services. The participants identified the barriers they experienced while receiving health services as those pertaining to language, discrimination and stigmatization. They also mentioned the methods of coping with these negative experiences in Turkiye. Despite their negative experiences, they expressed satisfaction with the mental health services they received, especially psychiatric nursing care. CONCLUSIONS: This study determined that Syrian refugees face barriers in accessing and receiving mental health services. They stated that mental health professionals in Turkiye approach them with empathy, particularly those in psychiatric nursing. Healthcare professionals may be trained in culturally sensitive care to increase awareness. IMPACT: Studies have frequently examined the experiences of nurses providing care to refugees, but few have focused on evaluating nursing care from the perspective of refugees. Syrian refugees have reported various obstacles in accessing and receiving mental healthcare services. Health professionals, especially psychiatric nurses in mental health psychosocial support centres, must facilitate the processes to eliminate these obstacles. REPORTING METHOD: The consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ) were used. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: No patient or public involvement.

The relationship between critical thinking and job performance among nurses: A descriptive survey study.

AIM: This study investigated the relationship between nurses' critical thinking skills and job performance and whether critical thinking and its subdomains predict job performance. BACKGROUND: It is expected that nurses may use critical thinking skills to provide evidence-based quality patient care in health care settings. However, there is limited evidence about whether critical thinking is related to job performance among nurses. DESIGN: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional survey study. METHODS: The study included 368 nurses working in the inpatient wards of a university hospital in Turkey. The survey included a demographic information questionnaire, the Critical Thinking Scale in Clinical Practice for Nurses and the Nurses' Job Performance Scale. The collected data were analysed using descriptive statistics, comparisons, reliability and normality tests, correlation and regression analysis. RESULTS: Participating nurses got average scores from the critical thinking and job performance scale and sub-scales, and there was a positive, mid-level and statistically significant correlation between the scale scores. According to the multiple linear regression analysis results, personal critical thinking, interpersonal and self-management critical thinking and the total critical thinking scores positively affected the job performance scores of nurses. CONCLUSION: As critical thinking predicts nurses' job performance, managers of hospitals and nursing services should consider training programs or activities to increase nurses' essential thinking competencies, thus improving clinical nurses' performances.

The earthquakes in Turkey and their effects on nursing and community health.

BACKGROUND: Severe damage was experienced in 10 provinces in Turkey, and the north of Syria, with the earthquakes that hit Kahramanmaras at midnight and afternoon on February 6, 2023. AIM: The authors aimed to give brief information to the international nursing community about the situation related to earthquakes in the aspects of nurses. CONCLUSION: These earthquakes caused traumatic processes in the affected regions. Many people, including nurses and other healthcare professionals, died or were injured. The results demonstrated that the required preparedness had not been applied. Nurses went to these areas voluntarily or on assignment and cared for individuals with injured. The universities in the country passed to distance education because of the shortage of safe places for victims. This situation also negatively influenced nursing education and clinical practice by interrupting in-person education one more time after the COVID-19 pandemic. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING AND NURSING POLICY: Since the outcomes show a need for well-organized health and nursing care, policymakers may consider getting nurses' contributions to the disaster preparedness and management policy-making processes.

An Evaluation of a Web-Based Crisis Management Training Program for Nurse Managers: The Case of the COVID-19 Crisis.

OBJECTIVE: The effective management of nursing services, the main power in patients' care and treatment in the front line of the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic, and nurse managers' effective leadership behaviors in the fight against the pandemic have been important key factors. It is thus critical to support nurse managers, strengthen them through training, and increase their competency so that they can successfully manage crises, disasters, or pandemics. This study aims to assess the effect of a web-based training program on the knowledge levels of nurse managers who worked during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: This is a randomized controlled experimental study. The study population consisted of the members of the Nurse Managers Association. The intervention group had 30 participants, and the control group had 31 participants in the final. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference between the intervention and control groups' mean number of correct pre-test responses (P = 0.843). However, the intervention group's mean number of correct post-test responses was statistically significantly higher than the control group's after the web-based training program (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Web-based training programs can effectively increase nurse managers' knowledge levels. Therefore, web-based training programs should be developed in ordinary times for the management of crisis situations.

A Cross-Sectional Survey Study on Homophobia Among Medical, Nursing, Pharmacy, and Other Health Sciences Students.

Since the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and intersex (LGBTI) community may be exposed to violence, discrimination, stigma, exclusion, and maltreatment due to their sexual orientation while accessing healthcare services, understanding, and improving the attitudes of future's health care professionals toward LGBTI individuals seem essential. This descriptive and cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the homophobia among medical, nursing, pharmacy, and healthcare sciences students and examine the related factors. The study included 2,531 students from medicine, nursing, pharmacy, and other health sciences (midwifery, nutrition and dietetics, physiotherapy, management of healthcare facilities) disciplines. Homophobia was measured with the Hudson and Ricketts Homophobia Scale. After getting ethical and institutional approvals, data were collected and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical tests. Medical students had the lowest homophobia score, and their mean score was significantly lower than other students. There was a significant difference between students' scores according to years of study, age, sex, acquaintance with LGBTI individuals, providing healthcare services to an LGBTI person, and opinions on providing care. Although homophobia scores of nursing, pharmacy, and other health sciences students were lower than the medical students', policies and expansive content regarding LGBTI should be in place in all health science educational institutes, including medical schools, to prevent students from holding homophobic and prejudicial attitudes against LGBTI individuals.

Psychometric properties of the quality nursing care scale-turkish version: a methodological study.

AIM: To analyze the psychometric properties of the Quality Nursing Care Scale in Turkish Language. BACKGROUND: The quality of health services and nursing care effectively improves safe patient outcomes and reduces costs in healthcare organizations. There is a need for valid and reliable tools in order to use for evaluating the quality of nursing care. METHODS: The methodological and cross-sectional study included 225 nurses working in a research and training hospital. Content validity, construct validity, item analysis, and internal consistency analysis were used. RESULTS: The content validity index of the scale was 0.96. The item-total score correlation values of the items were 0.72 and higher. The factor loads of the items ranged from 0.42 to 0.90. Different from the original scale, Turkish form consisted of three sub-dimensions. The fit indices were acceptable or very good. The Cronbach's alpha internal consistency coefficient was 0.99. CONCLUSION: The Quality Nursing Care Scale was valid and reliable with its three-factor structure in Turkish Language. It may be used for measuring the quality of care in the aspects of nurses.

Psychometrics of Stanford Presenteeism Scale-Short Form in Turkish.

AIM: Presenteeism means that employees feel obliged to go to work even if there is a real problem that they cannot work.The main purpose is to to adapt the "Stanford Presenteeism Scale-Short Form" into Turkish on Nurses. METHOD: This is a methodological study. The study sample included the nurses working at the medical and surgical clinics of two public hospitals in 2017 in Istanbul. A total of 290 nurses participated in the study. Language, content, construct validities, total item correlation analysis, Kaiser Meyer Olkin, Bartlett tests, confirmatory and explanatory factor analysis (EFA), stability, and Cronbach's alpha reliability analyses were tested. RESULTS: The content validity index of the scale was .92. Two items that have correlation values below .40 were removed from the Turkish form. Cronbach's alpha internal consistency coefficient was .762. The structure of the four-item and single-factor Turkish form was confirmed. CONCLUSION: Stanford Presenteeism Scale-Short Form is a valid and reliable tool for the nurses in Turkey. It is recommended to be used among nurses in different studies. Hospital and nursing care service managers should deal with "presenteeism," since it is becoming a critical health human resource workforce issue. Health care managers may use this tool to evaluate the presenteeism level of their employees.

The Relationship Between Perceived Quality of Care and the Patient Safety Culture of Turkish Nurses.

BACKGROUND: Evaluating nurses' perceived quality of care and safety culture is an essential part of the nursing practice and critical to improving the quality of nursing care. PURPOSE: This study aimed to examine the relationship between perceived quality of care and Turkish nurses' patient safety culture. METHODS: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The data were collected from a foundation university hospital in Istanbul. The sample consisted of 116 nurses, and data were collected using the Caring Behaviors Inventory-24 and Patient Safety Culture Scale. The nurses were asked to complete the questionnaires. RESULTS: The mean age of participating nurses was 25.95 ( SD = 6.72) years. The mean duration of professional experience of the participants was 6.37 ( SD = 6.05) years. Most (72.4%) of the participants were women who had graduated from vocational high schools (52.6%) and were working in the neonatal intensive care unit (37.9%). The highest mean subdimension score on the Caring Behaviors Inventory-24 was 5.78 ( SD = 0.43) for the knowledge and skills subdimension. The highest mean subdimension score on the Patient Safety Culture Scale was 3.55 ( SD = 0.48) for the unexpected event and error reporting subdimension. Statistically significant correlations were found between Caring Behaviors Inventory-24 and Patient Safety Culture Scale scores ( r = .553, p < .01), with the lowest correlation found between the employee behavior and knowledge and skills dimensions ( r = .305, p = .001). The highest statistically significant correlation coefficients that were found were between the Patient Safety Culture Scale total scores and the connectedness dimension of the Caring Behaviors Inventory-24 ( r = .58, p < .001). CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Nurses perceive patient care positively and have a positive perception of safety culture. Evaluating the perceived quality of care and patient safety culture perceptions will help prevent adverse events related to patient care and improve the quality of care.

Evaluation of Psychosocial Outcomes of Living Liver Donors in Liver Transplantation.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the risk factors affecting psychosocial outcomes of living liver donors after liver transplantations. METHODS: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of living liver donors followed by 2 liver transplantation centers in 2 private hospitals in 2 different provinces, between August 2017 and October 2019. All the living liver donors were contacted without a time frame after donation and all the participants were evaluated once. The Beck Depression Scale, SF-36, General Self- Efficacy Scale, and Perceived Available Support Scale were used to collect data. The t-test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney U-test, and Pearson correlation analysis were used for data analysis. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 34.31 ± 8.22 years. There was a positive, weak correlation between age and physical func- tion. Gender, marital status, financial status, and education levels significantly affected physical components, social function, vitality, depression, and self-efficacy scores. High depression levels negatively affected the physical component, self-efficacy, and social sup- port scores of the living liver donors. High self-efficacy positively affected social support. CONCLUSION: The study revealed that gender, marital status, employment status, and education levels were associated with psychosocial outcomes. The financial status was the main factor affecting each psychosocial variable. Financial status needs to be assessed in detail before and after the operation.

Critical thinking among clinical nurses and related factors: A survey study in public hospitals.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The study investigated clinical nurses' critical thinking levels in public hospitals and related factors. BACKGROUND: Since health care environments have become more complex, the critical thinking skills of clinical nurses are more important in daily problem-solving and decision-making processes. However, little research was conducted on this topic among clinical nurses. METHODS: It was a cross-sectional study at five public hospitals between December 2018 and January 2019. The study followed the STROBE guideline. Data were collected from 559 nurses by a survey consisted of a data form and the Turkish version of the Nursing Critical Thinking in Clinical Practice Questionnaire. RESULTS: Nurses' mean critical thinking scores were moderate level. Total critical thinking scores of the clinical nurses significantly differed according to education, hospital type, shift work, professional category and role. There was a significant effect on the total critical thinking scores of the clinical nurses according to variables. CONCLUSION: This study found that critical thinking levels of nurses' working in clinical settings in public hospitals were moderate level. Hospital type, shift work, professional and educational level and role were significantly associated with clinical nurses' critical thinking levels. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: This study provides evidence related to the levels of critical thinking of clinical nurses working in public hospitals. Since the critical thinking scores of the manager nurses, daytime working nurses' and nurses with bachelor's and master's degree education are higher, hospital managers may benefit from the study to implement effective strategies to improve the competence of critical thinking levels of nurses.

Nurses' views on change management in health care settings: A qualitative study.

AIM: To discover nurses' views on change management processes in health care settings. BACKGROUND: Because 'change' is an inevitable fact of today's health care environments, developing change management competencies at all levels is a must to survive and compete for the organisations and professionals in the health care systems. METHODS: A descriptive qualitative approach was used. The sample consisted of 18 nurses reached by using snowball sampling. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analysed using the Colaizzi method in the NVivo12 program. RESULTS: The results of the study were collected under three main themes: 'general approaches and initial responses to change', 'factors affecting attitudes toward change' and 'strategic mistakes made by managers during the change process'. CONCLUSION: The study showed that nurses show different reactions to change. Their attitudes towards change could be affected positively and negatively by the relevant factors. Nurses thought that managers were making strategic mistakes during the change process. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: Recognizing the approaches of nurses and managers towards change and increasing awareness of the mistakes during the change process may contribute to the achievement of the change processes in health care settings.

Psychometric properties of the Gender Role Attitudes Scale among Turkish nursing students and factors affecting their attitudes.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to test the psychometric properties of the Gender Roles Attitudes Scale-Turkish Version (GRAS-TR) and evaluate nursing students' gender role attitudes. DESIGN AND METHODS: This was a psychometric and descriptive study. The sample consisted of 916 nursing students at two state universities in Turkey. FINDINGS: The content validity index of the scale was 0.89. The confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the fit indices were acceptable/good. Test-retest results and Cronbach alpha coefficient showed that the scale has high reliability. Nursing students scored above midlevel from GRAS-TR. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: GRAS-TR is a valid and reliable instrument. Nursing students who were women, had postgraduate education, few siblings, and were not born/raised in the eastern region had a more egalitarian attitude.

The relationship between nurses' personality traits and their perceptions of management by values, organizational justice, and turnover intention.

PURPOSE: To determine the relationship between nurses' personality traits and their perceptions of management by values, organizational justice, and turnover intention. DESIGN AND METHODS: It was a descriptive study. A demographic questionnaire, the big five personality scale, the organizational justice scale, the management by values scale, and the turnover intention scale were used to collect data. FINDINGS: Data analysis did not demonstrate any relationship between nurses' personality traits and their perceptions of management by values, organizational justice, and turnover intention. However, results of regression analysis concluded that perceptions of management by values affected the nurses' perceptions of organizational justice positively. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Nurses' perceptions of organizational justice can be raised and turnover intention may be reduced by improving their perceptions of management by values.

The experiences of nurses who studied abroad with The Erasmus program during undergraduate education: A qualitative study.

The globalization of healthcare systems and information has increased the importance of international learning and mobility programs in nursing education. This research aimed to explore and describe the lived experiences of nurses studying abroad with the Erasmus program during their undergraduate education. This is a descriptive phenomenological study. The study sample consisted of 12 nurses who studied abroad during their undergraduate education. The data were collected through semi-structured, face to face in-depth interviews. Colaizzi's seven-step method and NVivo12 software were used to evaluate the data. The study results had five main themes: (1) adaptation process, (2) sources of support, (3) differences, (4) difficulties, and (5) benefits. The nurses considered studying abroad with the Erasmus program as an important opportunity. They reported that this experience made significant positive contributions to them in the personal, professional, cultural, and social aspects.

Under the same rainbow: A study on homophobia and discrimination among private sector health care professionals.

AIM: To determine the homophobic and discriminatory attitudes of health care professionals and associated factors in the private sector. BACKGROUND: Examining possible homophobic and discriminatory attitudes of health care professionals is very important to eliminate barriers such as access to and use of health services. METHOD: This descriptive and cross-sectional study included 626 health professionals in 20 private hospitals throughout Turkey. The data were collected in May 2020 using an online questionnaire containing the Hudson and Ricketts Homophobia Scale and the Discriminatory Attitudes Scale. RESULTS: Most of the health professionals (64.4%) said that they did not know any LGBTQ+ people, almost half (44.2%) had cared LGBTQ+ people before, and most (95.4%) said that they would be willing to care them. The health professionals' homophobia score was 3.60 (SD = 1.23), and their discrimination score was 2.10 (SD = 0.71). A positive relationship was found between their homophobia and discrimination scores(r = .642). Significant differences in their scale scores were found to be related to their personal and professional characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: The homophobic attitudes of health professionals were above average and had a positive relationship with discriminatory attitudes. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: Private hospital administrators should plan initiatives and training programmes to improve health care professionals' attitudes towards LGBTQ+ people.

Evaluating the Relationship Between Burnout Levels and Compassion Fatigue, Emotional Intelligence, and Communication Skills of Organ Transplant Coordinators.

AIM: The aim was to determine the effects of compassion fatigue, emotional intelligence levels, and communication skills of organ transplant coordinators on burnout. METHODS: This descriptive correlational study included 104 organ transplant coordinators. Data were collected via a survey that consisted of demographic information, the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory, the Emotional Intelligence Scale, and the Compassion Fatigue Scale. FINDINGS: A positive relationship was reported between burnout (mean, 39.42 [SD, 19.54]) and compassion fatigue (mean, 2.26 [SD, 0.86]) measurements of the organ transplant coordinators (r = 0.432) and a negative and significant relationship existed between burnout and emotional intelligence (mean, 3.53 [SD, 0.58]) measurements (r = -0.372). However, no correlation was found between communication skills (mean, 4.27 [SD, 0.52]) and burnout (r = -0.184; P > .05) except a negative correlation with client-related burnout measurements (r = -0.222; P < .05). As a result of the 2-step regression analysis, the regression-squared value predicted the joint effect of compassion fatigue and emotional intelligence on burnout (R2 = .285). CONCLUSIONS: Organ transplant coordinators reported moderate levels of burnout and compassion fatigue and high levels of emotional intelligence and communication skills. Compassion fatigue caused burnout, while emotional intelligence decreased. Additionally, transplant coordinators' communication skills were related to client-related burnout.

Are Nurses Homophobic? A Survey Study in Public Hospitals in Turkey.

PURPOSE: Studies conducted with lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and intersex (LGBTI) people in Turkey have found that such people experience social isolation, neglect, insufficient healthcare services, and disrespect. However, no study has been reported related to clinicians' approaches and attitudes towards them. This study aimed to determine the attitudes of nurses towards homosexual individuals and the factors associated with the homophobia levels of nurses. DESIGN: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional survey study. METHODS: The study was conducted with 449 participants in four hospitals. Nurses who had been working for at least 1 year in the hospitals were included in the sample of the study. The data were collected by using a two-part survey form. The first part was an information form regarding the participants' socio-demographic and professional characteristics, and the second part was the Hudson and Ricketts Homophobia Scale. The data were analyzed using numbers, percentages, means, Cronbach's alpha internal consistency analysis, parametric tests (t test and analysis of variance), nonparametric tests (Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis) and multiple linear regression. FINDINGS: The study found that most of the Turkish nurses were not professionally homophobic. However, their personal homophobia scores were high. Their attitudes towards homosexuals varied by factors such as education level, acquaintance with LGBTI people, level of acquaintance, and locations of the hospitals. CONCLUSIONS: Nurses who work in public hospitals stated that they would provide care for LGBTI people. However, their Homophobia Scale scores were over the mid-point. Subjects related to the health needs of LGBTI people should be included in the curricula of nursing departments and in in-service training at health service institutions. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: LGBTI individuals have complained about the reaching out health care services and negative attitudes of health care professionals towards them. Findings of this study provides important data to understand the homophobia level and reasons of nurses to develop in-service education and training programs for coping and changing their negative attitudes.

A study on the relationship between nurses' compulsory citizenship behaviours and job stress.

AIM: To determine whether there is a relationship between compulsory citizenship behaviours and job stress among nurses working at public hospitals. BACKGROUND: Nurses may face strong pressure from their managers or peers to perform role behaviours beyond what is found in their job definition. When mandated, these extra duties are called compulsory citizenship behaviours. METHOD: This descriptive study included 569 nurses who work in three hospitals. Data were analysed using descriptive statistical analyses, linearity test, Pearson's correlation analysis, simple linear regression analysis and parametric and nonparametric tests. RESULTS: There was a significant, strong and positive relationship between the nurses' job stress and compulsory citizenship behaviours. Statistically significant differences were found between the nurses' job stress scores according to the institution and unit they worked in and their professional experience duration. CONCLUSION: This study found that nurses display compulsory citizenship behaviours and experience job stress at a high level. A significant relationship was found between these two variables. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: Special training programmes should be held informing managers and nurses about the negative outcomes of compulsory citizenship behaviours and positive outcomes of organisational citizenship behaviours. Appropriate opportunities and resources should be provided to cope with stress in hospital settings.