Absence of Helicobacter pylori in pediatric adenoid hyperplasia.

OBJECTIVES: To (1) develop a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay to determine whether Helicobacter pylori and/or other members of the Helicobacteraceae family are detected in hyperplastic adenoids of children and (2) critically analyze published polymerase chain reaction methods to ascertain whether false-positive detection of H pylori has been reported. DESIGN: Cohort study. PATIENTS: Adenoid biopsy specimens (78 hyperplastic and 15 normal) were collected from children aged 2 to 10 years. METHODS: Total RNA was extracted before reverse transcription of bacterial RNA using Helicobacteraceae-specific primer. A nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction protocol was designed to detect all species of the Helicobacteraceae family. A piece of each biopsy specimen was examined histologically. RESULTS: Laryngopharyngeal reflux was suspected in 41% of the children (n = 23) on the basis of the Reflux Symptom Index. No evidence of H pylori was found in any adenoid sample. Candidatus Wolinella africanus was the only Helicobacteraceae family member detected in 1 hyperplastic adenoid. Histologic examination identified very few bacterial organisms. Previous polymerase chain reaction findings may be the result of false-positive H pylori detection. CONCLUSIONS: Inflammation and enlargement of the adenoids is not likely due to ongoing bacterial infection arising from laryngopharyngeal reflux. We conclude that H pylori and other Helicobacteraceae family members are not major contributors to the development of hyperplastic adenoids in children.

Quality of life following surgery for sleep disordered breathing: subtotal reduction adenotonsillectomy versus adenotonsillectomy in Australian children.

BACKGROUND: Adenotonsillectomy (AT) is indicated for children with obstructive sleep disordered breathing; however it has associated well-documented morbidity. A subtotal reduction AT has made a resurgence overseas, given a significantly reduced morbidity. This study hypothesized that full AT would provide a greater improvement in quality of life (QOL) when compared with a subtotal reduction AT (SRAT) in children with obstructive sleep disordered breathing. METHODS: This cohort study used a single surgeon consecutive series of 181 children from the database of the senior author (ASC) following full AT (n= 118) or SRAT (n= 63). QOL was measured by the Glasgow Children's Benefit Inventory (GCBI), which was mailed to parents 3 months to 2 years post-operatively. RESULTS: Ninety-one of the 155 (59%) questionnaires were returned. There was an increase in QOL for children following AT (GCBI Total =+41.5) and SRAT (GCBI Total =+49.5). A significant increase in QOL was noted for all four domains of the GCBI. The GCBI total and four domains had no statistically significant difference in the improvement of scores by the two surgical groups. CONCLUSION: In this study, an SRAT provides identical post-operative QOL outcomes to full AT when performed for sleep disordered breathing in children. This adds to the evidence that in the absence of infective episodes, SRAT can be considered as a lower risk alternative to full AT.

Tonsillectomy in Australia: an audit of surgical technique and postoperative care.

OBJECTIVE: To assess current tonsillectomy practice among Australian otolaryngologists. STUDY DESIGN: An audit based on an anonymous 19-item postal questionnaire on tonsillectomy technique and perioperative management sent to all Australian otolaryngology specialists. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Two hundred eighty-four otolaryngologists registered with the Australian Society of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery database were sent the questionnaire. RESULTS: A 72.5 percent response rate was obtained. Monopolar diathermy was the most common technique for dissection (45%) and hemostasis (54%). Bipolar diathermy was used for hemostasis in 20 percent. Cold-steel dissection was routinely used by 36 percent, ties were used for hemostasis only by 11 percent of surgeons. The use of local anesthetic, dexamethasone, and postoperative antibiotics was 45 percent, 40 percent, and 20 percent, respectively. Seventy-six percent of surgeons always observed tonsil patients overnight. CONCLUSION: Australian surgeons still use monopolar diathermy as their preferred technique for tonsillectomy. Local anesthetic, dexamethasone, and postoperative antibiotics are used infrequently, and fewer than 1:4 surgeons perform day-case tonsillectomy.

The coblation tonsillectomy learning curve.

OBJECTIVE: To establish if there is a learning curve for coblation tonsillectomy. STUDY DESIGN: Regression analysis of data obtained from surgeons identified from the Australian Tonsillectomy Survey. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Thirty otolaryngologists were invited to contribute audit data. Data were stratified into groups of 10 procedures and analysed with regression analysis. RESULTS: Nineteen (70%) surgeons responded. Complete data were obtained for 1700 cases and return to theatre data on 2062 cases. There was a significant learning curve with respect to both primary (P = 0.050) and secondary (P = 0.028) hemorrhage rates. Mean rates were 0.3% (95% CI 0.1% to 0.7%) and 2.1% (95% CI 1.5% to 2.9%) for primary and secondary bleeds, respectively, with return to theatre in 0.2% (95% CI 0.1% to 0.5%) and 1.3% (95% CI 0.9% to 1.9%), respectively. CONCLUSION: The introduction of coblation tonsillectomy into Australia was associated with a statistically significant learning curve with respect to both primary and secondary hemorrhage rates.