ABSTRACT
We compared anesthetic doses of three popular opiates, morphine (n = 10), fentanyl (n = 9), and sufentanil (n = 9) in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Opiate administration after induction was based upon EEG and cardiovascular signs of the depth of anesthesia. Total doses were morphine, 4.4 +/- 0.71 mg/kg, fentanyl, 95.4 +/- 9.9 micrograms/kg, and sufentanil, 18.9 +/- 2.2 micrograms/kg. Comparisons among opiates included times for induction of anesthesia, return of consciousness, return of spontaneous ventilation, return of adequate cardiovascular status, and extubation. The following times (mean and SEM) were significantly (P less than 0.05) shorter for sufentanil than for fentanyl or morphine: induction (15 +/- 2.3 min, 5.9 +/- 0.7 min, and 3.0 +/- 0.2 min for morphine, fentanyl, and sufentanil, respectively); return of consciousness (morphine 109.7 +/- 34.4 min, fentanyl 62.3 +/- 17.9 min, sufentanil 17 +/- 8.7 min); return of acceptable and stable cardiovascular status (morphine 587.3 +/- 139.3 min, fentanyl 537.9 +/- 144.8 min, sufentanil 173.7 +/- 56.8 min); and extubation (morphine 1121.3 +/- 61.8 min, fentanyl 1005.7 +/- 77.7 min, sufentanil 533.3 +/- 67.8 min). We conclude that sufentanil administered in the dosage range of 19 micrograms/kg allows more rapid induction, earlier emergence from anesthesia, and faster extubation of patients than either morphine or fentanyl.
Subject(s)
Anesthesia , Anesthetics , Cardiac Surgical Procedures , Fentanyl , Fentanyl/analogs & derivatives , Morphine , Adult , Aged , Anesthetics/metabolism , Body Temperature , Electroencephalography , Fentanyl/metabolism , Half-Life , Humans , Intubation , Middle Aged , Respiration , Sufentanil , Time FactorsSubject(s)
Anesthesia, Inhalation , Lung/physiology , Respiration, Artificial , Ventilation-Perfusion Ratio , Anesthetics/pharmacology , Animals , Carbon Dioxide/blood , Cardiac Output , Dogs , Lung/drug effects , Oxygen/blood , Partial Pressure , Pulmonary Circulation , Respiratory Dead Space , Tidal VolumeABSTRACT
Ballistocardiogram and carotid pulse recordings were made on a group of healthy young men and women aged 25--35 years. The recordings were subjected to a newly developed procedure for feature recognition and measurement (FRAM) by digital computer. Results from the FRAM were grouped according to sex of subjects tested and inspected for statistically significant differences in mean values of the many separate items calculated. There were marked differences between the men and women in those items most closely related to initial acceleration of blood in the aorta. It was hypothesized that the hyperdynamic values from the males were indicative of intrinsic functional differences between their myocardia and that of the females.
Subject(s)
Heart/physiology , Hemodynamics , Adult , Ballistocardiography , Blood Flow Velocity , Blood Pressure , Body Weight , Cardiac Output , Carotid Arteries , Female , Heart Rate , Humans , Male , Pulse , Sex FactorsABSTRACT
Age trends in the cardiovascular dynamics of 51 aircrewmen were investigated by means of noninvasive techniques. A statistically significant (p less than 0.01) decline in the ability of their hearts to accelerate blood was found to accompany advancing age. This trend was stronger than the rise in blood pressure found in the group, and known to occur in all aging populations. Assessment of cardiovascular aging in this way may provide new information necessary for the revision of the present mandatory retirement age for airline pilots.
